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Stage 1: Use of Birth to 1 Movements are primarily reflexive
reflexes month
Stage 2: Primary 1-4 months Perceptions center around one¶s body.
circular reaction Objects are perceived as extensions of the self.
Stage 3: Secondary 4-8 months Becomes aware of external environment.
circular reaction Initiates acts to change the movement.
Stage 4: Coordination 8-12 months Differentiates goals and goal-directed activities.
of secondary schemata
Stage 5: Tertiary 12-18 Experiments with methods to reach goals.
circular reaction months Develops rituals that become significant.
Stage 6: Invention of 18-24 Uses mental imagery to understand the
new means months environment.
Uses fantasy.

 
 




Pre-conceptual stage 2-4 year Thinking tends to be egocentric.
Exhibits use of symbolism.
Intuitive stage 4-7 years Unable to break down a whole into separate
parts.
Able to classify objects according to one trait.



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(Birth to 9 years) Misbehavior is viewed in terms of damage done.
Stage 1: Punishment & obedience A deed is perceived as ³wrong´ if one is punished;
orientation the activity is ³right´ if one is not punished.
Stage 2: Instrumental-relativist ³Right´ is defined as that which is acceptable to &
orientation approved by the self.
When actions satisfy one¶s needs, they are ³right.´
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(9-13 years) Approval of others is sought through one¶s actions.
Stage 3: Interpersonal concordance Authority is respected.
Stage 4: Law and order orientation Individual feels ³duty bound´ to maintain social
order.
Behavior is ³right´ when it conforms to the rules.
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Stage 5: Social contract orientation It is ³wrong´ to violate others¶ rights.
Stage 6: Universal ethics The person understands the principles of human
orientation rights & personal conscience.
Person believes that trust is basis for relationships.

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I. Orientation of Individual Survival Concentrates on what is best for self.
Transition
Transition 1: From Selfishness to
Responsibility
II. Goodness as Self-sacrifice
Transition 2: From Goodness to
Truth
III. Morality of Nonviolence


  
Selfish.
Dependent on others.
Recognizes connections to others.
Makes responsible choices in terms of self and
others.
Puts needs of others ahead of own.
Feels responsible for others.
Is dependent.
May use guilt to manipulate others when
attempting to ³help.´
Decisions based on intentions & consequences, not
on others¶ responses.
Considers needs of self and others.
Wants to help others while being responsible to
self.
Increased social participation.
Sees self and others as morally equal
Assumes responsibilities for own decisions.
Basic tenet to hurt no one including self.
Conflict between selfishness and selflessness.
Self-judgment is not dependent on others¶
perceptions but rather on consequences &
intentions of actions.
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Pre- Infant Trust, hope and love compete with
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 environmental inconsistencies or threats if
 abandonment.
Stage 1:
 Toddler- Imitates parental behaviors and attitudes
 preschooler about religion and spirituality.
Has no real understanding of spiritual
concepts.
Stage 2:   School-aged child Accepts existence of a deity.
 Religious & moral beliefs are symbolized
by stories.
Appreciates others¶ viewpoints.
Accepts concept of reciprocal fairness.
Stage 3:    Adolescent Questions values & religious beliefs in an
    attempt to form own identity.
Stage Late adolescent & Assumes responsibility for own attitudes
4:


 young adult & beliefs.

Stage 5:    Adult Integrates other perspectives about faith
 into own definition of truth.
Stage Adult Makes concepts of love & justice tangible.
6: Ô