CHAPTER 8:ELECTROMAGNETISM 3.

Question 8: SBP 08
ANSWER (a) show the direction of current

8.1 ELECTROMAGNETISM
1.

(b)(i)

(b)(i) North pole

(b)(ii) Right hand grip rule
(b)(iii) diagram above
 Draw the pattern correctly
 Draw the direction of magnetic
field
(c)(i0 Soft iron core
(c)(ii) can be easily magnetized and
demagnetized.
(b)(ii) P: north S: south (c)(iii) U-shaped core
(b)(iii) (c)(iv) strenght of electromagneti is
higher.
(d) working principle of electric bell:
 When the switch is pressed, the
circuit is closed
 Current flow through solenoid,
the iron core is magnetized.
 Soft iron core is attracted to the
electromagneti
 Strike the gong.

2. 4.
(a)(i) X: contact (a) (b)
Y: battery
Z: switch
(a)(ii) soft iron core
(a)(iii) easy to magnetized and
demagnetized.
(a)(iv) to avoid direct contact with the
circuit with high voltage which is
dangerous.
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(c)
 When the switch is on, current
flow through the copper rod and
produce magnetic field.
 The interaction between the
magnetic field from the
permanent magnet with the
magnetic field from current
carrying conductor
 Produce resultant force
 Use Fleming’s Left hand rule to
determine the direction of the
force, F
(d)(i) The copper rod willill move further. (b)(ii) wire X moves to the left.
Current increases when Resultant force acts on the wire.
resistance decreases. (c) 1. Reverse the terminal of the
(d)(ii) The copper rod vibrate at the battery
equilibrium position. 2. reverse the polarity of the
The direction F changes when the magnet.
direction of current change.
(e) electric motor, galvanometer.
7. Question 5: Pahang 08
(a) copper wire moves upward
5. (b) Fleming’s Left Hand Rule
(a) P: commutator (c)(i) The copper wire moves
Q: carbon brush downward
(b) P: reverse the direction of current (c)(ii)
in the coil every half rotation so
that the coil continues to turn in
same direction
Q: to contact with the
commutator so the current from
the battery enters the coil.
(c) SVUT
(d)(i) SV: move downwards
(d)(ii) UT: move upwards
(d)(iii) Fleming’s Left Hand Rule
(e) anti clockwise
6.
(a) magnadur magnet (c)(iii) Increase the current and the
(b)(i) strength of the magnetic field

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8. 10. Question 7: MRSM 09
(a) (a)(i) d.c motor
(a)(ii Reverse
everse the direction of current
) in the coil every half rotation so
that the coil continues to turn in
same direction
(b)(i)
(ii)
(b)(i) ac current
(b)(ii)
 When the switch is on, current
flow through the copper rod and
produce magnetic field.
 The interaction between the
magnetic field from the (b)  Current
permanent magnet with the (iii)  Strength of magnetic field
magnetic field from current (c)(i)  Change commutator with a
carrying conductor pair of slip rings
 Produce resultant force 
 Use e Fleming’s Left hand rule to (c)  Use a curve magnet
determine the direction of the (ii)  Magnetic field is
force, F concentrated
(b)(iii)The
The spring produce the same
force but with opposite direction.
8.3 ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION
9. Question 8: MRSM 08
(a) Electromagnet is a magnet in 11.
which a magnetic field is (a)
produced by the flow of electric
current.
(b)(i)  Thick
 Because less resistance
(b)(ii)  Soft iron
 Because easy to magnetise
and demagnetize. (b) Fleming’s Right Hand Rule
(b)(iii)  Larger (c)(i) decreases
 Because the strength of (c)(ii) Increases
electromagnet increases / (iii) No induced current / zero
stronger magnetic field.
(c) The most suitable is M
(d)(i) Parallel to the galvanometer
lvanometer 12.
(d)(ii) Less effective resistance (a)
(d)(iii) VR = VG S
(IR)R = (IR)G
(1 – 0.005)(R) = (0.005)(5)
R = 0.0251 Ω

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(ii)  Increase the speed
 Increase the strength of magnetic
field
 Increase the number of turns of
the coil
13. Question 2: Melaka 09
(a) Electromagnetic induction
(b) North
(c)
(i)
(c)
(ii)
14. Question 4: Kelantan 08
(a) A proces
roces of producing electric
current by changing magnetic
field
(b)(i)  Cut the magnetic field
 Induced current is produced.
(ii) A : north
B : south
(c)(i) increases
(ii) The magnitude of induced
current increases // the rate of
change of the magnetic flux
increases
15. Question 6: SBP 07
(a) Induced current
(b)(i)  Number of turns in Diagram 6.1
is greater.
 Angle of deflection for
galvanometer in diagram 6.1 is
bigger.
(ii)  as the number of turns
increases, the rate of change of
magnetic flux increases
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 hence, induced more current
(c) Lenz’s law
(d)  The current induced produces
p
north pole on the left side
 so as to oppose the oncoming
magnet
16. Question 6: Kedah 07
(a) The current that induced by
electromagnetic inductions when
the circuit is complete//The
current that can be produced
without any electrical
supply/source
(b) X: N
(i) Y: S
(b)  Diagram 6.1 bar magnet
(ii) towards the solenoid
 Diagram 6.2 bar magnet away
from the solenoid
(c)  When the bar magnet is
(i) pushed towards the solenoid,
the end of the solenoid facing
the bar magnet has the same
polarity
larity as the bar magnet
 When the bar magnet is pulled
away from solenoid, the end of
the solenoid facing the bar
magnet has the opposite
polarity as the bar magnet
(ii) Lenz’s Law
(d)  Increase the speed of bar
magnet/
 increase the number of turns
off the solenoid/
 use a stronger magnet
17.
(a) Electromagnetic induction
(b) WXYZ
(c)
8.4 TRANSFORMER
18. Question 3: Negeri 9 09
(a) Step down transformer
(b) Direction and magnitude of ac
current always change, so there
will be changing of magnetic flux.
(c) VP = NP = 240 = 20
Vs NS 12 1  the magnitude of current flowing
NP : NS = 20: 1
(d)(i) The light bulb does not light up
(ii) Dc current has constant
magnitude and direction so there
is no changing in magnetic
flux/field.
19. Question 4: Johor 07
(a)  Increase the number of
turns in the secondary coil
 Decrease the number of turns in
the primary coil.
(b) Because iron can be magnetized
and demagnetized easily
(c) P = VI
(i) 36 = 24I
Current in the secondary coil = 1.5
A//
(c) VsIs=VpIp
(ii) (36) = (240)Ip
Current in the primary coil = 0.15A
20. Question 6: Teknik 07
(a) For transformer P, Ns < Np OR
For transformer Q, Ns > Np
(b) For transformer P, Vs < Vp OR
For transformer Q, Vs > Vp
(c) When Ns < Np , therefore Vs < Vp
(i)
(c) P : Step – down transformer
(ii) Q : Step – up transformer
(d) Alternating current (a.c. )
(i)
(d) The transformer does not
(ii) function/Output voltage is zero
No magnetic field induce the
current
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21. Conceptual: Perak 07
(a) Electromagnet is an iron core
which can be magnitized when
current flow.// temporally
magnitized when current flow
through it.
(b)  number of turns in solenoid in
Diagram 10.1 is more
in Diagram 10.1 is bigger
 the number of paper clips
attracted to solenoid in
Diagram10.1 is more
(c) the strength of the magnetic field
(i) increases when the magnitude of
current increases
(c) the strength of the magnetic field
(ii) increases when the number of
turns in solenoid increases
22. Conceptual: MRSM 07
(a) A region where a magnetic material
(i) experiences magnetic force.
(a)  When the magnet bar/wire is
(ii) stationary, the pointer of the
galvanometer does not deflect /
shows no reading
 When the magnet bar moves
towards the solenoid, the
pointer of the galvanometer
deflects / shows reading
 When the wire moves between
the poles of the permanent
magnet, the pointer of the
galvanometer deflects / shows a
reading
 When a wire moves and cut the
magnetic field lines, an induced
current flows.
 Electromagnet induction
23. Understanding: Perak 07
 When the switch is on, the soft iron
core becomes electromagnet. End A
becomes north pole.
 End B becomes south pole
 Magnet P repels from end A
 Magnet Q attracts to end B
24. Understanding: MRSM 07
 D.c generator has commutator
 A.c generator has slip rings
 D.c current flows in one direction
while a.c current changes direction
and magnitude
 Kinetic energy changes to electric
energy for both generator
25. Understanding: SBP 07
(i) A transformer is a device that
steps up or steps down the voltage
of an alternating current. [1]
(ii) Transformer Q
Ns>Np
(iii)  Heating effect in the coils
 Eddy currents in the coils
 Leakage of magnetic flux
 The magnetisation and
demagnetisation of the core
Maximum 3
26. Qualitative problem: Perak 07
(i)  when the switch is on, current
flows in the solenoid, soft iron
core becomes electromagnet
 electromagnet attracts the iron
armature, the hammer hits the
gong and bell rings
 when the hammer moves
towards the gong, the contacts
open, current stops flowing
 The iron core loses its magnetic
(ii)  increase the number of turns of
wire
 the magnetic field produced by
FIZIKMOZAC 2010
each turn overlap to produce a
resultant field which is much
stronger.
 Increase the magnitude of the
current / dry cells
 To increase the strength of the
magnetic field
 Replace the straight iron core
with a U-shaped iron core
 Produce stronger magnetic field
27. Qualitative problem: MRSM 07
(i)  Draw diagram
 Iron core
 Input 240 V a.c
 Primary coil 50 turns
 Secondary coils 100 turns
 By using a laminated core
 To reduce eddy current
 By using low resistance wire
made of a good conductor
 To reduce heating effects in the
coils
 By winding the secondary and
primary coils on top of each
other
 To reduce leakage of magnetic
field
 By using soft iron core
 Easy to magnetized and
demagnetized.
28. Making Decision: Teknik 07
(i)  Q
 Uses alternate current because it
voltage can be decreased or
increased by transformer
 Use high voltage so the current
in the cables is smaller and the
loss of power due to heating of
the cables is minimized.
(ii) 32. Section C: Trengganu 07
Characteristics Reason (a) Electric energy to sound energy
Thick cable Low resistance (b)
Low density Cable is lighter Characteristics Reason
Low rate of Cable does not Size of the Surface area of
expansion expand easily hammer is big contact is big
during hot day. Larger distance The force applied
Choose cable Z Because it is thick between the on the gong is
cable, low density hammer and the greater
and low rate of gong
expansion The number of The strength of the
turns of the coils electromagneti is
is greater greater
29. Making Decision: SBP 07 High curvature of The area of air
Characteristic Explanation the gong molecule vibrate is
Low resistivity To reduce heat loss greater
in the cables Q
Low density The cables will be Size of the hammer is big, Larger
lighter distance between the hammer and the
Low cost Cost of project will gong, The number of turns of the coil is
be lower greater, High curvature of the gong
Low rate of The cables will not
thermal expand under hot (d)(i) I = 10/12
expansion weather 0.83 A
• Cable Q (ii) PI = 10 x 100%
• Low resistivity, low density, low cost, 80
low rate of thermal expansion = 12.5 W

I = 12.5 = 0.052 A
30. Quantitative problem: SBP 07 240
Vs = Ns Vp = 500 x 240
(i) Np 2000

= 60V 33. Section B: Kelantan 08

Vs = 1000 x 110 (a) A resultant field due to the
(ii) 500 combination of the magnetic
= 220 V
field due to the current in the
conductor and external
magnetic field // Diagram
31. Quantitative problem
(b)  Number of magnet in D10.2 is
(i) P = VI
bigger
I = 15000 = 62.5 A
240  angle of deflection of the
ammeter indicator in D10.2 is
(ii) Ploss = I2R = (62.5)2(3) = 11,718.75 W bigger
 the angle of deflection of the
(iii) 11,718 x 100% = 78.12% cooper wire in Diagram 10.2 is
15000 bigger
 the strength of the magnetic

FIZIKMOZAC 2010
 increases as the number of
magnet increases.
 the angle of deflection of
copper wire is increases as the
strength of the magnetic force
increases.
(c)  Force acting on the cooper rod
(i)  moved the cooper rod towards
the magnet // left
(c)  the cooper rod vibrates
(ii)  as current change direction
(d)  When the current flow into the
(i) coil, magnetic field is
produced.
 Catapult field is produced
when the magnetic field from
permanent magnet and from
current carrying conductor
interact
 A couple of forces are
produced in the opposite
direction
 These pair of forces produce
the turning effect on the coil.
(d)  Increase the strength of
(ii) magnet / add more magnet
 increase the strength of
magnetic field
 Increase the number of turns in
the coils
 to increase the magnitude of
force
 Increase the magnitude of
current
 to increase the magnitude of
force / increase the
strength of magnetic field
FIZIKMOZAC 2010
34. Section C: Kedah 08
(a) Direct current is current that
flows in one direction.
(b)  The magnadur magnets
produce a magnetic field /
diagram
 The current in the wire
produces a magnetic field /
diagram
 The two magnetic fields
interact / combine to form a
non-uniform magnetic field or
catapult field.
(c)  Low density
 Coil has smaller mass / lighter
 High number of turns
 Larger force acting on the coil /
higher electromagnetic field
strenght.
 High strength magnets
 Large force acting on the coil
 More segments
 Coil rotates smoothly
 Choose R
 Because it lowest density, high
number of turns, high strength
magnets and many number of
segments of the commutator.
(d)  3 x 8 = 24 J
(i)
(ii)  24/5
= 4.8 W
(iii) Efficiency = (4.8/12) x 100%
40 %
35. Section B: Melaka 08
(a) Magnetic field is a region of
(i) magnetic force.
(a)  The direction of the m magnetic
(ii) field
ield on the left coil is
counter/anti clockwise,
/diagram
 The direction
tion of the magnetic
field on the right coil is (c)  The shape of the magnet is
clockwise // diagram (i) cylindrical
 It will produce uniform
magnetic field

(c)  The coil is placed

(ii) surrounding/fit
/fit to the magnet
 As the result the magnetic and it is attached to a cone
fields in the middle of the coil  to increase the effectiveness
effectiv of
are in the same direction, the counter react between the
upward. So the magnetic field magnetic fields .
will be stronger in the middle
(b)(  Both diagram 9.2 and diagram
i) 9.3 have the same pattern of the
magnetic field,ie,
,ie, circular with
the wire in the middle
 The direction of the magnetic
field for Diagram 9.2 is
clockwise, while in Diagram9.3
is counter clockwise/ anti
anti- (c)  The cone is made from a light
clockwise. (iii) material / paper
(b)( The pattern of the magnetic field in  It can easily vibrate
ii) Diagram 9.4 is not uniform
compared to Diagram 9.2 and (c)  Typee of electrical supply is
Diagram 9.3 (iv) alternate current power supply
 The audio signal varies with the
(b)( The resultant force acting on the current.
iii left wire is downward while the
resultant force acting on the right (c)  material used for the body of
o
wire is upward / opposite to each (v) the loudspeaker is metal / wood
other.  to ensure
re the loudspeaker is
strong
(b)(  Instrument which uses the
iv) same principle is electrical
motor.
 The electric motor has 2
forces acting on the opposite
side caused by the counter
react between a current
carrying conductor in a
magnetic field// diagram
FIZIKMOZAC 2010
36. Section B: SBP 08 Thicker reduce the resistance
(a) The N-pole in Diagram 10.1 is diameter of of the coil
(i) moved into the solenoid, the N- wire of coil
pole of the magnet in Diagram Using more Increase the rate of
10.2 is moved out of the solenoid. powerful change of magnetic
magnet to flux linkage //The
(ii) The galvanometer pointer in increase the magnitude of the
Diagram 10.1 deflects to the right, strength of the induced current or
the galvanometer pointer in magnetic field induced electromotive
Diagram10.1deflects to the left. force is also increased
(iii) -When N-pole is moved into the
coil, the top of the coil is a N-
pole,and tends to repel the 37. Section B: Melaka 09
magnet (a) Non uniform magnetic field
-When the N-pole is pulled out of (b)  The angle of deflection of the
the coil, the top of the coil is a S- pointer in 10.2 is bigger
pole, and thus attracting the  The distance of the copper rod
receding N-pole. in 10.2 is further
-The direction of the induced  Power supply in 10.2 is greater
electromotive force acts in such a then 10.1
way as to oppose the action which (c)  The bigger the force the
produces it. (i) further the distance
(ii)  The bigger the current the
Lenz’s Law larger the force
(b)  Current flows from Z to Y and
 rotate the coil in clock wise from W to X in half cycle
(c) direction  Magnetic field form around the
 the coil cut across the copper strips
magnetic field  Current flows in opposite
 current is induced in the coil directions in the half cycle
 the commuator change the  The copper strips moves
direction in the coil so that the outwards// repel
direction of current in external
circuit I always the same. (d)
Modification Reason
use stronger stronger magnetic
(d) magnet field / larger
Modifications Reason rotation
use thin Easy to vibrate use curve magnets produce radial
diaphragm / concave magnetic field / to
Use strong Not easy to break get a linear scale
material use cylindrical to supply uniform
More number Increase the rate of core magnetic field
of turns of coil change of magnetic use soft iron core to concentrate the
flux linkage /The magnetic field
magnitude of the use linear scale the angle of
induced current or is rotation is linear
also increased

FIZIKMOZAC 2010
38. Section B: kelantan 09 39. Section B: Pahan 09
(a) Process of producing electric (a) Work done to transfer 1 C of
current by changing magnetic charges from one point to another.
field. (b)  Electrical power is generated at
(b)(i) North pole high current and low voltage
(b) The more the bar magnets, the  Before transmission, current
(ii) greater the deflection of the passes through step up
galvanometer transformer
(c) The more the bar magnets, the  During transmission, electrical
(i) stronger the magnetic field power is at low current and high
strength voltage to reduce power loss
(c) The stronger the magnetic field  At reception point, current
(ii) strength, the greater the passes through step down
deflection of the galvanometer. transformer.
(d)(i) Step down transformer  Electrical power is at low
(d)  When an alternating current voltage and high current.
(ii) flows through the primary (c) Nonrenewable resources:
coil, a changing magnetic  Natural gas, petroleum
field is produced.  Will be depleted
 The changing magnetic field  Polute the environment
will is linkage through the Renewable resources:
soft iron core to the  Hidro, solar & wind
secondary coil  Will not be depleted
 An alternating emf / current of  Does not pollute environment
the same frequency is (d)
induced in the secondary coil Modification explanation
(e) Material: Strong and will not
Modifications Explanations steel alloy break easily
Use strong Produce strong U-shaped steel Not too heavy
magnet magnetic field. So alloy
high induced current Trust and support Can support
is produced. join bigger weight
Concave poles Provide radial Large diameter Less resistance
of magnets magnetic field which cable
ensures the cutting Laminated wire To reduce eddy
of magnetic field is current
always maximum. Made from low Cable is lighter
Large number of Produce more density material
turns of the coil induced current.
Larger area of Produce more
coil induced current
The speed of Produce more
rotation must be induced current
high

FIZIKMOZAC 2010
40. Section B: SBP 09  The direction of current flow
(a) Electromagnet is a device in determine by using Fleming’s
(i) which magnetism is produced by right hand rule
an electric current  After 90o the direction of
// temporary magnet made by current in the external circuit
winding a coil round a soft iron reversed/ diagram
core and magnetic field produce (ii)
when current flow. Modification Explanation
Change slip To reverse
(ii)  Current flow in diagram 10.2 is rings with contact with
more than 10.1 // vice versa. commutator brushes so
 The amount of iron filing that the
attracted by iron core in current flow in
Diagram 10.2 is more than 10.1 same direction
// vice versa. in external
 The magnetic strength in circuit
diagram 10.2 is more than 10.1
// vice versa. Use stronger To increase
 Amount of iron filing attracted magnet the magnetic
increase when current field strength
increase
 The magnetic field strength Use more Increase the
increase when current number of rate of change
increase turn for the of magnetic
(b)  When too high current flow, coil/ Increase field/increase
magnetic field strength the speed of the induced
become very strong / wire rotation current
expand
 electromagnet pull the soft
iron armature / pulled to the
right by spring P.
 release the catch, contact
separate and current does not
flow
 When reset button is pressed,
spring Q pulls the soft iron
armature back to its original
position
(c)  When the coil rotates the coil
(i) cut across the magnetic field
lines
 Induced current flow in the
coil.
 The current maximum when
the coil cut the magnetic field
at right angle // current
decreased (become zero) when
the coil move in parallel with
magnetic field lines
FIZIKMOZAC 2010