Building Technology III

LECTURE III: Appropriate Technologies
Department of
Architectural Building Technology ‫تكنولوجيا‬ 1
Engineering (4th 04/21/11
Principle 1: Compact Dimensions
 Compact dimensions
allow the micro
design to nest amidst
small trees and
shrubs and integrate
into any landscape.
 design has been
informed by the
classic scale and
order of a Japanese
tea-house, combined
with advanced
concepts and
technologies. Micro The Micro Compact Home Design, Architects: Horden Cherry
Lee, London
Compact Design
means focusing on
the essentialBuilding Technology ‫تكنولوجيا‬
Department of
Architectural - less is 2
Principle 1: Compact Dimensions
 The main objectives is

to achieve smart living.
 Spin-offs demonstrate
how the basic concept
can be adapted for a
number of uses,
environments and
Department of
cultures.
Principle 2: Renewable Technologies
Environmental Impact of Main Energy Sources
Increased pollution
4
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s opsi D
OC
yt ef a S
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meri uqe R
& htl ae H HC
at ull o P
r a Wl a bol Gst n
i oN l a
dnaL no
t ne
l a usi V e
ort s at a C s
s
s et
i s urt nI
et s a W
yv a e H
l a bol G
gni m
di c A
al uci tr a P
Least Pollutant
PASSIVE SOLAR ENERGY
PHOTOVOLTAICS
WIND POWER
gni m
WAVE POWER
TIDAL POWER
HYDROELECTRICITY
Most po
GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
BIOMASS
Department
Architectural
COAL
of
Building Technology ‫تكنولوجيا‬ 4
Principle 2: Solar Technology
First step in exploiting solar technology is

how to secure an:
Optimized Orientation of all
building and site components to
“Sun & Wind”
Department of
Principle 3: Atria Systems
Building Envelope Design Guide - Atria Systems
• NFPA 92B the most recent standard for

smoke control in large spaces defines
atrium as a large volume space created by a
floor opening or series of floor openings
connecting two or more stories that is
covered at the top of the series of openings
and is used for purposes other than an
enclosed stairway; or other mechanical and
utility service to the building.
• The International Building Code (IBC)

defines Atrium similarly as an opening
connecting two or more stories other than
enclosed stairways, elevators, hoist ways,
Department of
escalators,
Architectural Building
plumbing,Technology
electrical, ‫تكنولوجيا‬
air- 6
Engineering (4
th
04/21/11
Building Envelope Design Guide - Integrating
Atriums in Design
Natural ventilation &
daylighting
The shallow plan principle
Department of
Atriums in Design
 Atria have many advantages as a building
form over conventional modern building
configurations:
1. Atrium buildings appeal to people not only
logically, but also emotionally by
providing a connection to the outside
inside.
2. By bringing natural light into the interior,
atriums offer larger, more efficient floor
areas than conventional buildings.
3. Atriums provide more desirable work
environments by providing more space
Department of with a connection to natural daylight and
Architectural
the Building
outside Technology ‫تكنولوجيا‬
environment. 8
Engineering (4
th
04/21/11
Atriums in Design
 Atria have many advantages as
a building form over
conventional modern building
configurations:
1. Atrium buildings appeal to
people not only logically,
but also emotionally by
providing a connection to
the outside inside.
2. By bringing natural light
into the interior, atriums
offer larger, more efficient
floor areas than
conventional buildings.
3. Atriums provide more
desirable work
environments by providing
more space with a
connection to natural
Department of
Architectural Building Technology ‫تكنولوجيا‬
daylight and the outside
Engineering (4th environment.
9
04/21/11
Atriums in Design
5. An atrium is a pleasant
all weather gathering
place providing shelter
from the more extreme
climate conditions
outside.
6. The atrium replicates a
desirable outdoor
environment by
providing the
benevolent aspects of
the outdoor
environment; daylight,
moderate temperatures
while sheltering us from
the harsher elements of
extreme temperatures,
rain, and winds.
7. Because atriums are so
Department of
complex, they create
Engineering (4th unique
10
04/21/11
Atriums in Design
8. Many atriums have been
built where unintended
consequences have
compromised the design.
9. The complexity of atrium
design does not lend itself
to prescriptive standards,
but sound life safety
principles must be
incorporated into every
atrium design.
10.Good atrium design will
maximize the natural
environment to minimize
energy consumption.
11.The first consideration of
atrium design is an
acknowledgement of the
necessity of fire and smoke
Department of
management
Engineering12.Building configuration is
11
(4th 04/21/11
Principle 3: Atria Systems:
Atrium smoke removal in a naturally ventilated
building
Windspeed(v)
 Through-flow ventilation involves Cpvent

Av, Cv
providing replacement of air from y

3rd
the base of the atrium at the same Tambient h
Cptopleeward
2nd
rate as smoke is being extracted Cpinlet

smoke 1st
from the top.

Atrium
Ain, Cin Ground
(a)
Winddirection
 The second technique of smoke Openingventilators:

largervent area
removal is depressurization, where

Outward
leakage Neutral pressureplane
3rd
all levels of the atrium are enclosed inward

leakage
2nd
but not necessarily sealed. inlet

1st
Atrium Ground
Smallerarea
Air andsmoke leakages: ventlargerthaninlet

(b)
 To overcome this problem, hybrid Winddirection
ventilation mixes through-flow and

depressurization, keeping a clear y
3rd
level at the base of the atrium, but 60m

Cp= -0.45
2nd
lowering pressure to avoid smoke Cp = 0.25 inlet

=100C
1st
migration into top stories. Ain= 3.0m 2 Ground
All represents a double-leaf door

(c)
Department of
There are several simple and several complex basic

configurations of atrium space. They are:
I: Simple Types
1. Single sided: Atrium abuts 2. Two sided: Atrium abuts two 3. Three sided: Atrium abuts three
one side of the occupied sides of the occupied portion of the sides of the occupied portion of
portion of the structure. structure. the structure.
Department of
I: Simple Types cntd.

 The shape and
geometry of an atrium
is both the product of
and the reason for the
adjoining occupied
portions of the
building. Inhabited by
office workers,
residents, or other
uses, these spaces
are impacted greatly
by the configuration
4. Four sided: Atrium abuts four 5. Linear: Atrium sandwiched between of the atrium space.
sides of the occupied portion of two occupied portions of structure.
the structure.
 The configurations can refer to the shape in two or three dimensions, the scale or
the layout of the surrounding spaces and how they are connected to the atrium.
Department of
II: Complex Types
1. Bridging: Atrium connects 2. Multiple Lateral: Atrium spaces 2. Podium: Atrium sits at the
several occupied portions of scattered throughout plan on single or bottom or below an occupied
structure. multiple stories. portion of structure.
 These different configurations can be developed to myriad architectural statements

but the basic configurations remain recognizable.
Department of
II: Complex Types cntd.

 Which configuration is utilized by an individual
designer is a function of (among other issues):
 personal taste, life safety issues, proposed uses of

both the atrium and adjoining spaces, impact the
atrium is wished to have climactically, geographic
location, urban context, and scale of the atrium
desired.
4. Multiple Vertical: Atrium spaces

scattered throughout height of tower
structure.
Department of
 Daylighting: Natural light
as it pertains to atriums is
a basic element of the
design. The light within the
atrium as well as the light
transmitted to the
adjoining occupied space
needs to be considered.
 Exterior Envelope:
openings in the atrium skin
should be limited to those
required for ventilation
and smoke evacuation at
the top and bottom and
pedestrian access or exit
at the bottom.
 Thermal Control: Atria
typically involve large open Radisson Miami Abandoned Atrium
spaces connecting multiple
Department of
Building Technology ‫تكنولوجيا‬
floors. In some instances
Architectural
the(4th space can be large
17
Engineering 04/21/11
 Pressurization and Air
Balance: In many cases,
the atrium is also the main
entrance to a building and
the pressure relationship
between the atrium and
the outside is critical to
the control of overall
building pressurization.
 Fire Protection/Smoke
Control: Daylight as it
pertains to atriums is a
basic element of the
design. The light within the
atrium as well as the light
transmitted to the
adjoining occupied space
needs to be considered.
 Pressurization and Air
Department of
Balance: The conditioning
Architectural
and(4th ventilation of the
18
Engineering 04/21/11
Principle 4: Integrated Solar Systems
Passive and Active Solar Systems
Activ
{ e
Solar
Ener
Passive gy
Solar
Energy
Department of
Representation of an Integrally Interconnected PV
Module
EVA: Ethylene vinyl

acetate
PVB: Polyvinyl butyral
http://www.oja-services.nl/iea-pvps/ar03/can.htm
Department of
SAWTOOTH FLEXIBLE roof: ACCORDION
roof: Integrated façade: Efficient,
Architectural
Orientation, Weather Barriers. Complex.
Department of
Engineering (4th
Clear Glazing.
The PVCs as SLOPED façade: VERTICAL

Integrated into Performance, Sawtooth:
the Façade. Economic. Efficient
Applications I
Orientation.
Building-integrated Photovoltaics with a Variety of

04/21/11
21
Building-integrated Photovoltaics with a Variety of
Applications II
Department of
Principle 5: Integrated Recycling
Plants
Recycling Layout: I- Distribution & Analysis
 Recycling is the
process of taking a
product at the end of
its useful life and
using all or part of it
to make another
product.
 Recycling starts
when a material or
product is delivered
to a collection
system.
 Recycling steps are:
sorting, grinding,
washing and drying.
 Output material is:
PET flakes or pellets
(amorphous).
Department of
Plants
Recycling Layout: II- Solid Cycle
Department of
Plants
Recycling Layout: II- Solid Cycle
Department of
Plants
Recycling Layout: III- Water Cycle
Department of
Plants
Recycling Layout: IV- How should it Look Like
Department of
Plants
Recycling Layout: V- Examples
Ab Ekorosk Oy is a waste management company founded in 2.11.1990 as a joint-stock

company. There are about 114000 inhabitants in the Ekorosk region and all household
waste is handled by the company.
Department of
Plants
Recycling Layout: V- Examples cntd.
 The transfer
station itself is a
large building,
covering up to a
hectare, where
lorries dump
waste from the
local area and
further afield if a
license is granted.
 This is sorted,
composted and
graded before
being bulked up
for onward
transfer to
recycling,
incineration or
landfill sites.
Department of
Principle 6: Zero Waste
Eco-cycle Zero-waste Park
Department of
Integrated Intelligent Building
Systems
Floor Supply and Ceiling Return Supply System…
Appropriate Tec.?!!
Department of
Nature-driven technology to Technology-driven
Strategies
Applications
Department of
Nature-driven technology
Department of
to Technology-driven Strategies…
Rings
Winter reflection
Summer evening reflection
Department of
Technology-driven Strategies: Use of
Environmental Design Vocabs
Department of
to Technology-driven Strategies…
Department of
Design Opportunities
Labeling Daylight,
Fresh Air and
Energy Efficiency
Among The American Institute of Architects Committee on

the Environment’s (COTE) 10 measures of sustainable
design are principles that encourage architects to use
bioclimatic design and provide daylight, natural ventilation
and views to nature.
Department of
Use of Environmental Design Vocabularies…!!!
Department of
For “Amr”…
Department of
How Cold This Information Be Useful in Design
Projects?!!!
To gain credibility and be realistic, always start by locating

your project layout at Google Earth map (available for free)
Department of
Department of
Department of
Department of
Department of
Department of
Department of
Use of Environmental Design Vocabularies… Eco-
friendly Construction
Department of

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Building Technology III

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LECTURE III: Appropriate Technologies

 The main objectives is

First step in exploiting solar technology is

• NFPA 92B the most recent standard for

• The International Building Code (IBC)

 Through-flow ventilation involves Cpvent

providing replacement of air from y

rate as smoke is being extracted Cpinlet

from the top.

 The second technique of smoke Openingventilators:

removal is depressurization, where

all levels of the atrium are enclosed inward

but not necessarily sealed. inlet

Air andsmoke leakages: ventlargerthaninlet

ventilation mixes through-flow and

level at the base of the atrium, but 60m

lowering pressure to avoid smoke Cp = 0.25 inlet

migration into top stories. Ain= 3.0m 2 Ground

All represents a double-leaf door

There are several simple and several complex basic

I: Simple Types cntd.

II: Complex Types

 These different configurations can be developed to myriad architectural statements

II: Complex Types cntd.

 personal taste, life safety issues, proposed uses of

4. Multiple Vertical: Atrium spaces

EVA: Ethylene vinyl

The PVCs as SLOPED façade: VERTICAL

Building Technology ‫تكنولوجيا‬

Ab Ekorosk Oy is a waste management company founded in 2.11.1990 as a joint-stock

Summer evening reflection

Among The American Institute of Architects Committee on

To gain credibility and be realistic, always start by locating

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