Lauren Pinion

Essential Questions Chapter 29

How did Russia change under the control of Stalin?

Topic Sentence:
Under Stalin’s control, industrialization and the collectivization of agriculture were greatly
emphasized; however, the general of the people was disregarded, and therefore, fell significantly
despite new technology.

Supporting Details:
• He turned it into a world military power through social and economic reforms and built up the
fear of communism in other nations.
• His goal was to industrialize Russia to increase the country’s power and the power of the
Communist Party, not to increase their wealth.
• He greatly increased the country’s electrical output as well as their output of iron, coal, and
machinery during one of his many “Five Year Plans.”
• His Communist party devised completely new industries and cities, which they built from
scratch. They also trained many people for work in the new factories and mines, furthering their
power and catching them up with many already industrialized nations.
• Railroad tracks, canals, and roads were built, much like in the U.S. and Canada.
• He undertook the collectivization of agriculture, where he brought together small private
farms and forced the farmers to work on shared fields.
• Another goal of collectivization was to introduce modern farm machinery, such as tractors
and thrashers, in order to increase production.
• People became poorly housed, fed, and clothed, and their general welfare decreased.

Conclusion:
Russia became a completely new country, with new industries and cities, increased
infrastructure, and collectivized agriculture. New technology and a more widespread availability
of electricity also helped to increase Russia’s newfound power. However, the people fell into
poverty and starvation during his rule.
Question 2: What was the cause of the Depression and what impact did it have on the world?
 Topic Sentence:
The initial cause of the Depression was the New York stock market crash, which spread to
Europe and eventually turned into the worst worldwide depression in history. It resulted in
widespread unemployment, a large decline in exports and imports, and an overall decline in the
world economy.

Supporting Details:
• Consumers reduced their purchases, forcing companies to fire thousands of workers. Out of
these, mainly females were fired, so that males could provide for their families.
• Many small farmers lost their land because farm prices fell.
• The U.S. imposed the highest import duty in their history, resulting in shrinking world trade
and declining export industries.
• Governments were forced to take back reparation payments and war loans, spreading the
Depression to Europe where the same thing occurred.
• Imperialistic countries such as France and Britain forced their foreign colonies to purchase
only their products and not other countries’. On the other hand, countries such as Japan and
Germany who did not have these colonies suffered more economically.
• Many people began asking for government intervention in the economy. In contract, others
blamed the depression on the governments and wanted independence from them.
• Although China was affected very little, many countries, especially in Latin America, who
depended a large amount on exports, were hard hit.
• In unindustrialized countries, unemployment and homelessness increased. These countries
then became very vulnerable to be taken over by larger countries.

Conclusion:
The Depression was caused by a large stock market crash in the United States, which directly
resulted in a worldwide depression. This depression resulted in increased unemployment and a
loss of income for small farmers and fisherman. Governments were forced to take back their war
loans, and many people demanded government participation in the world economy.
Question 3: What was fascism and why was it found appealing?
 Topic Sentence:
The Fascist Party was on Italian political party led by Benito Mussolini that supported
aggressive nationalism and Italian entry in the war. The party used excessive and overwhelming
advertisement as well as violence to gain the support of the people.

Supporting Details:
• Benito Mussolini became the leader of the Fascist Party, which supported Italy’s entry into the
war, unlike the current parliamentary government.
• After WW1, many of the unemployed veterans joined together into fighting units called fasci
di combattimento. Factory/property owners would hire them as defense against workers who
threatened to go on strike.
• The Fascist Party used violent methods to intimidate voters (create fear of the party), stop
strikes, and take over the government.
• In order to become prime minister, Mussolini threatened to march on Rome, and the weak and
passive Parliament gave in to his demands.
• After becoming prime minister, Mussolini appointed members of his party to all government
positions, and took over control of education and the press, which he continued to use to gain
support of the people.
• Although the party lowered unemployment levels and provided public services for the people,
general living standards were lowered.
• The Party used captivating speeches, elaborate parades, and large banners in order to create a
happy and exciting image of the part and get the popular support of the people.
• Mussolini got through to the masses in the large country using a bombardment of news
bulletins, movie footage, etc. that had a similar affect on the people.

Conclusion:
The Fascist Party arose from fighting units formed by WW1 veterans who were unemployed
and was soon led by Mussolini. It supported nationalism and the Italian entry into WW11.
People found it appealing because it sounded exciting and grand due to the way the party
publicized themselves.

Question 4: What mistakes did Japan and Germany make that caused them to lose WWII?
 The Fascist Party was on Italian political party led by Benito Mussolini that supported
aggressive nationalism and Italian entry in the war. The party used excessive and overwhelming
advertisement as well as violence to gain the support of the people.

Supporting Details:
• Benito Mussolini became the leader of the Fascist Party, which supported Italy’s entry into the
war, unlike the current parliamentary government.
• After WW1, many of the unemployed veterans joined together into fighting units called fasci
di combattimento. Factory/property owners would hire them as defense against workers who
threatened to go on strike.
• The Fascist Party used violent methods to intimidate voters (create fear of the party), stop
strikes, and take over the government.
• In order to become prime minister, Mussolini threatened to march on Rome, and the weak and
passive Parliament gave in to his demands.
• After becoming prime minister, Mussolini appointed members of his party to all government
positions, and took over control of education and the press, which he continued to use to gain
support of the people.
• Although the party lowered unemployment levels and provided public services for the people,
general living standards were lowered.
• The Party used captivating speeches, elaborate parades, and large banners in order to create a
happy and exciting image of the part and get the popular support of the people.
• Mussolini got through to the masses in the large country using a bombardment of news
bulletins, movie footage, etc. that had a similar affect on the people.

Conclusion:
The Fascist Party arose from fighting units formed by WW1 veterans who were unemployed
and was soon led by Mussolini. It supported nationalism and the Italian entry into WW11.
People found it appealing because it sounded exciting and grand due to the way the party
publicized themselves.

Question 5: How did the character of warfare change during World War II?
 Topic Sentence:
During WW11, warfare changed to cause many, many more civilian deaths, as well as to have a
greater emphasis on technology, more desperate and hateful moral values, and a greater mixing
of ethnicities and genders.

Supporting Details:
• Over 60 million people died, and more than half were civilians killed by famines, bombs, and
massacres. Soldiers were no longer the only people targeted.
• Ethnicities were mixed together when refugees who had fled their home countries during the
war never returned home.
• There was a large shift in moral valise. People viewed not only soldiers as enemies, but also
entire groups of peoples and minorities, as shown in the holocaust.
• The impact of science on the technology of warfare grew as the war went on. Radar, new
antibiotics, jet fighters, the atomic bomb. and more were all developed during the err.
• American, Britain, and Germany all bombed large cities, causing a large amount of damage
and the loss of civilian morale and support for the war.
• During the mass extermination known as the holocaust, millions of Jews, homosexuals, Polish
catholics, gypsies, and other minorities were killed by the Nazis in extremely inhumane ways
including by gassing them, shooting them, starving them, and using them for “medical
experiments.”
• There was no longer a distinction between the “front” and the “home front,” as in WW1.
People were very scared and intimidated of the war.
• Women gained employment opportunities in the U.S. Racial bonds between whites, mexicans,
and blacks were also loosened.

Conclusion:
Bombs and massacres killed 60 million civilians in WW11, resulting in a moral shift in which
people saw entire peoples as enemies, not just soldiers. Additionally, technology such as radar
and atomic bombs manifest the increase in the impact on science on the technology of war.
Gender and racial distinctions were both loosened.

Essential Questions Chapter 28

Question 1: What were the major causes of World War I?

 Topic Sentence:
The main causes of World War I included imperialism, nationalism, alliances formed between
the world powers, and Germany’s determination to defeat and dominate the Europeans.

Supporting Details:
• He turned it into a world military power through social and economic reforms and built up the
fear of communism in other nations.
• His goal was to industrialize Russia to increase the country’s power and the power of the
Communist Party, not to increase their wealth.
• He greatly increased the country’s electrical output as well as their output of iron, coal, and
machinery during one of his many “Five Year Plans.”
• His Communist party devised completely new industries and cities, which they built from
scratch. They also trained many people for work in the new factories and mines, furthering their
power and catching them up with many already industrialized nations.
• Railroad tracks, canals, and roads were built, much like in the U.S. and Canada.
• He undertook the collectivization of agriculture, where he brought together small private
farms and forced the farmers to work on shared fields.
• Another goal of collectivization was to introduce modern farm machinery, such as tractors
and thrashers, in order to increase production.
• People became poorly housed, fed, and clothed, and their general welfare decreased.

Conclusion:
Russia became a completely new country, with new industries and cities, increased
infrastructure, and collectivized agriculture. New technology and a more widespread availability
of electricity also helped to increase Russia’s newfound power. However, the people fell into
poverty and starvation during his rule.
Question 2: How was World War I different from previous wars?
 Topic Sentence:
The initial cause of the Depression was the New York stock market crash, which spread to
Europe and eventually turned into the worst worldwide depression in history. It resulted in
widespread unemployment, a large decline in exports and imports, and an overall decline in the
world economy.

Supporting Details:
• Consumers reduced their purchases, forcing companies to fire thousands of workers. Out of
these, mainly females were fired, so that males could provide for their families.
• Many small farmers lost their land because farm prices fell.
• The U.S. imposed the highest import duty in their history, resulting in shrinking world trade
and declining export industries.
• Governments were forced to take back reparation payments and war loans, spreading the
Depression to Europe where the same thing occurred.
• Imperialistic countries such as France and Britain forced their foreign colonies to purchase
only their products and not other countries’. On the other hand, countries such as Japan and
Germany who did not have these colonies suffered more economically.
• Many people began asking for government intervention in the economy. In contract, others
blamed the depression on the governments and wanted independence from them.
• Although China was affected very little, many countries, especially in Latin America, who
depended a large amount on exports, were hard hit.
• In unindustrialized countries, unemployment and homelessness increased. These countries
then became very vulnerable to be taken over by larger countries.

Conclusion:
The Depression was caused by a large stock market crash in the United States, which directly
resulted in a worldwide depression. This depression resulted in increased unemployment and a
loss of income for small farmers and fisherman. Governments were forced to take back their war
loans, and many people demanded government participation in the world economy.

Question 3: How did World War I reshape Russia?

 Topic Sentence:
The Fascist Party was on Italian political party led by Benito Mussolini that supported
aggressive nationalism and Italian entry in the war. The party used excessive and overwhelming
advertisement as well as violence to gain the support of the people.

Supporting Details:
• Benito Mussolini became the leader of the Fascist Party, which supported Italy’s entry into the
war, unlike the current parliamentary government.
• After WW1, many of the unemployed veterans joined together into fighting units called fasci
di combattimento. Factory/property owners would hire them as defense against workers who
threatened to go on strike.
• The Fascist Party used violent methods to intimidate voters (create fear of the party), stop
strikes, and take over the government.
• In order to become prime minister, Mussolini threatened to march on Rome, and the weak and
passive Parliament gave in to his demands.
• After becoming prime minister, Mussolini appointed members of his party to all government
positions, and took over control of education and the press, which he continued to use to gain
support of the people.
• Although the party lowered unemployment levels and provided public services for the people,
general living standards were lowered.
• The Party used captivating speeches, elaborate parades, and large banners in order to create a
happy and exciting image of the part and get the popular support of the people.
• Mussolini got through to the masses in the large country using a bombardment of news
bulletins, movie footage, etc. that had a similar affect on the people.

Conclusion:
The Fascist Party arose from fighting units formed by WW1 veterans who were unemployed
and was soon led by Mussolini. It supported nationalism and the Italian entry into WW11.
People found it appealing because it sounded exciting and grand due to the way the party
publicized themselves.

Question 4: Why did China and Japan follow such divergent paths during this period?
 Topic Sentence:
Under Stalin’s control, industrialization and the collectivization of agriculture were greatly
emphasized; however, the general of the people was disregarded, and therefore, fell significantly
despite new technology.

Supporting Details:
• He turned it into a world military power through social and economic reforms and built up the
fear of communism in other nations.
• His goal was to industrialize Russia to increase the country’s power and the power of the
Communist Party, not to increase their wealth.
• He greatly increased the country’s electrical output as well as their output of iron, coal, and
machinery during one of his many “Five Year Plans.”
• His Communist party devised completely new industries and cities, which they built from
scratch. They also trained many people for work in the new factories and mines, furthering their
power and catching them up with many already industrialized nations.
• Railroad tracks, canals, and roads were built, much like in the U.S. and Canada.
• He undertook the collectivization of agriculture, where he brought together small private
farms and forced the farmers to work on shared fields.
• Another goal of collectivization was to introduce modern farm machinery, such as tractors
and thrashers, in order to increase production.
• People became poorly housed, fed, and clothed, and their general welfare decreased.

Conclusion:
Russia became a completely new country, with new industries and cities, increased
infrastructure, and collectivized agriculture. New technology and a more widespread availability
of electricity also helped to increase Russia’s newfound power. However, the people fell into
poverty and starvation during his rule.

Question 5: How did European and North American society and technology change in the
aftermath of the war?
 Topic Sentence:
During WW11, warfare changed to cause many, many more civilian deaths, as well as to have a
greater emphasis on technology, more desperate and hateful moral values, and a greater mixing
of ethnicities and genders.

Supporting Details:
• Over 60 million people died, and more than half were civilians killed by famines, bombs, and
massacres. Soldiers were no longer the only people targeted.
• Ethnicities were mixed together when refugees who had fled their home countries during the
war never returned home.
• There was a large shift in moral valise. People viewed not only soldiers as enemies, but also
entire groups of peoples and minorities, as shown in the holocaust.
• The impact of science on the technology of warfare grew as the war went on. Radar, new
antibiotics, jet fighters, the atomic bomb. and more were all developed during the err.
• American, Britain, and Germany all bombed large cities, causing a large amount of damage
and the loss of civilian morale and support for the war.
• During the mass extermination known as the holocaust, millions of Jews, homosexuals, Polish
catholics, gypsies, and other minorities were killed by the Nazis in extremely inhumane ways
including by gassing them, shooting them, starving them, and using them for “medical
experiments.”
• There was no longer a distinction between the “front” and the “home front,” as in WW1.
People were very scared and intimidated of the war.
• Women gained employment opportunities in the U.S. Racial bonds between whites, mexicans,
and blacks were also loosened.

Conclusion:
Bombs and massacres killed 60 million civilians in WW11, resulting in a moral shift in which
people saw entire peoples as enemies, not just soldiers. Additionally, technology such as radar
and atomic bombs manifest the increase in the impact on science on the technology of war.
Gender and racial distinctions were both loosened.