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Government in the Clouds:
Much More Than Computing
Socialization and Consumerization

How many clouds?

Channels
Constituent-Centric Policymaking How operated ?
Services Processes

D Business Processes
(Financials, HR, Budgeting, Procurement) By whom ?
a
t
a Custom Packaged External Computing or
Applications Applications Services
sourcing model?
Infrastructure
What's new?

Commoditization
Key Issues

1. What are the opportunities and challenges of

cloud computing for government organizations?

2. What government cloud services are being

adopted, how are they being deployed
and who are the providers?

3. What are the main criteria to select government

cloud services?
Key Issues

1. What are the opportunities and challenges of

cloud computing for government organizations?

2. What government cloud services are being

adopted, how are they being deployed
and who are the providers?

3. What are the main criteria to select government

cloud services?
 Cloud Computing in the Hype Cycle
for Government Transformation, 2010
expectations Cross-Agency Case
Consumer Social Networks in Government
Management in
Government E-Discovery for Government

Public Cloud Computing

Open Government Data

Private Cloud Computing Vendors like Google and Microsoft have developed a
BPM for Government government cloud by making part of their existing
Government Cloud Government Domain-Specific COTS
infrastructure compliant with U.S. federal government
Open-Source Public-Sector
Vertical Applications security requirements (FISMA)
Citizen Data Vaults
Packaged ERP for
Enterprise Information External Communities in Government Government
Management Programs Shared Services
Federated Identity Management

SOA: Government
Geographic Information Systems
Government Data Enterprise Content Management for Government
Interoperability
Advanced Analytics for Government
Internal Communities
in Government Business Intelligence for Performance
Management in Government
Whole-of-Government Enterprise Architecture

As of July 2010
Peak of
Technology Trough of Plateau of
Trigger Inflated Disillusionment Slope of Enlightenment Productivity
Expectations

time
Years to mainstream adoption: obsolete
less than 2 years 2 to 5 years 5 to 10 years more than 10 years before plateau

(From: "Hype Cycle for Government Transformation, 2010," 20 July 2010

 How Many Different Clouds?

Government-
Specific

General- In any large jurisdiction (countries, and large

Purpose
Vendors sample only, not an exhaustive list
states and provinces), cloud computing may soon
become a battlefield for those agencies that own
infrastructures and want to retain them and
provide them as a service to others, and those
agencies that just want to buy less expensively
and more flexibly, and do not care whether
services come from inside or outside government.
 The New Value Proposition (and Risk)
for Everybody
Users
Lower cost

Focus on value adding

Loss of control

Irrelevance

IT Depts.
Business Process Services

Application Services (SaaS)

Application Infrastructure Services

(PaaS)

System Infrastructure Services

Huge market (IaaS)
Standard offering

Vendors Procurement consolidation

 How Is It Delivered? Critical Attributes
of Cloud Services
5 Attributes That Support Outcomes

1 Service-Based
ü ü
2 Scalable and Elastic
ü
3 Shared
ü ü ü
4 Metered by Use
ü ü
5 Internet Technologies
ü
Always
Rarely
Almost never
The Private-Public Cloud Continuum
Citizen Open Government
Data Vault Data

Anyone Public
Cloud
Services
Corporate E-Mail

Service "Community" Agency Website

Access Limited
Cloud
membership Services
Domain-Specific
Applications "Line-of-Business"
Apps. (FM, HR)
Low-Latency
Workloads Focus on how to gain as
Private many cloud-computing
Cloud benefits, while maintaining
Exclusive
Services the required degree of
control.
Many Contractual None
Constraints
 Who Does Operate the Cloud?
Government as User, Provider or Both
Anyone
Government Public Cloud
Public Cloud Services NIST
Services Public Cloud

Service Centralized Shared External

Access Limited Multiagency Multiagency Multiagency NIST
Cloud Cloud Cloud Community Cloud
Membership
Services Services Services

Internal Shared External

Single-Agency Single-Agency Single-Agency NIST
Cloud Cloud Cloud
Services
Private Cloud
Services Services
Exclusive

Agency Governmentwide Third Party

Ownership
Eight different categories - cloud-computing definition provided by the U.S. National Institute of
Standards and Technology (NIST), which is being widely used across the federal government.
Key Issues

1. What are the opportunities and challenges of

cloud computing for government organizations?

2. What government cloud services are being

adopted, how are they being deployed
and who are the providers?

3. What are the main criteria to select government

cloud services?
How Many Community Clouds?
Advantages Disadvantages
Centralized •  Simple procurement •  Cost
Government •  Harmonized services •  Lack of skills
Provider •  Security and sustainability •  Unfair competition

Shared •  Shared risks •  Governance

Government •  Best of (government) breed •  Repartition of roles
Provider •  Security and sustainability •  Cost

Centrally •  Service levels and skills •  Lock-in

Procured •  Centralized vendor selection •  Competition issues
Single ESP •  Scale •  One size fits all

Centrally
•  Better fit for purpose •  Interoperability
Procured •  Centralized vendor selection •  Vendor management
Multiple ESPs

Independently •  Best fit for purpose •  Interoperability

Procured •  Choice •  Lock-in
Multiple ESPs •  Lower cost •  Procurement/vendor selection
U.S. Federal Cloud Initiative:
Between Legacy and Innovation
•  Definition of cloud computing •  Apps.gov
•  Data center consolidation •  SAJACC
•  Standards development •  FedRAMP
•  Federal budget planning •  Marketing

Users
•  USA.gov migration
•  Recovery.gov migration
•  Cloud e-mail RFP (GSA)
•  DOL — GCE for Financial Management
Market
•  Govt. Providers: NBC, DISA, NASA
•  Google Government Cloud
•  Microsoft Government Cloud
•  Various Private Cloud Offerings

Issues
•  Future of lines of business?
•  Boundaries of Apps.gov?
•  Mandate vs. recommend?
•  Role of "public" cloud?
U.S. Federal Cloud Initiative:
Apps.gov – Business Apps
U.K. G-Cloud:
Great Vision, Tough Execution
•  No firm definition
-  Shared services/business services
-  Utility apps Government organizations in charge of cloud-
-  Common public sector apps computing policies should look carefully at
the U.K. model as an inspiration to integrate
-  Development platform for custom apps
the procurement and operation of cloud-
-  Infrastructure and service management based services with more-traditional
•  Early supplier involvement computing models.
•  App store focused on use and supply

Issues
•  Local government engagement
•  Mandate (e.g., PSN use)
•  Market distortion
•  Toward radically new sourcing models
State and Local Government Landscape
Example Description Issues
State of •  Further consolidation •  Sustainability and market
Michigan •  Storage as a service evolution
(DTMB) •  Economic development •  Scope, governance

State of •  Further consolidation

•  Breadth of offering
Utah •  Target local govt. and schools
•  Provider versus broker
(DTS) •  Full stack

•  Move all employees to Gmail and •  Tough enterprise testbed for

City of Google Docs Google (security, functionality)
Los Angeles •  "Mother of all migrations" •  Change management

•  Web-based 311 application on Azure

City of •  Developed by two people in eight
•  High profile, but low risk
Miami days
•  What's next?

•  Leverage existing shared services •  Build versus buy versus

U.K. Local across cities, counties, health G-Cloud
Authorities authorities •  Local supplier landscape
The Definitional Paradox
By 2012, less than 25% of claimed government cloud
deployments will possess all cloud attributes.

Why more than 25% Why less than 25%

•  Cloud service offerings in
government application stores
are compelling.
•  Government-driven
standardization and C&A
initiatives develop very rapidly.
•  Vendors invest on regionalized
community clouds.
•  Confusion between cloud
services and external services
will remain.
•  Government cloud initiatives will
mostly coincide with data center
consolidation.
•  Cloud service vendors will not
be able to meet security
requirements, and desire
to control.
Key Issues

1. What are the opportunities and challenges of

cloud computing for government organizations?

2. What government cloud services are being

adopted, how are they being deployed
and who are the providers?

3. What are the main criteria to select government

cloud services?
Cloud-Computing Selection Criteria
What Services? Cloud or Not Cloud? Private or Public?

Service and Engagement

Performances Social Networking & Open Gov. Portability
•  Cost Government CRM
•  Bandwidth Online Services
•  Availability and reliability Core Applications Genericity of requirements
Education •  Infrastructure and platform
Public Safety •  Applications
Scalability/elasticity Tax & Revenues
•  Development HR
•  Operation Horizontal Applications Organization Maturity
HR •  Vendor management
Corporate Performance •  Governance
Product/Service Maturity Management
•  Market ERP/Finance & Accounting
•  Skills Business Intelligence Degree of Control
Enterprise Content management
Infrastructure
Compliance Enterprise Application Integration
•  Data Location Geopolitics
Security Management
•  Security Networks, Telcos, VoIP
•  E-discovery Storage
 Pros and Cons of Different Roles
Description Pros Cons
The role of a storefront to• Flexibility,
• Use services
consolidate costs
procurement
•  Rigid sourcing
and
provision
User of cloud services is emerging
• Mission focus as a key
•  Vendor one.
lock-in

Apps.gov • Provide
in the services
U.S. and G-AS in assets
• Existing the U.K. aim • Focusatonproviding
commodity a
Provider
single point of contact for any government organization
• Security that
• Competition with market
wishes• Single
to purchase cloud• Flexibility,
point of contact services costsfrom different
• Complexity cloud
Broker • Multisourcing providers.
• Resource balance • Interoperability

• Manage service and • Guidance • Outdated information

provider catalogs • Devolution • Predicting demand
Storefront
• Negotiate framework
contracts

• Drive and supervise • Confidence on • Market distortion

Regulator & vendor standardization compliance • Policy conflicts
Supervisor and compliance • Pressure on market
activities
Recommendations
Monday Morning
•  Become conversant in the delivery and deployment models in this session,
focusing on the continuum between private, community and public cloud.
•  Start deploying low-risk, well-confined applications where cloud computing
can deliver a compelling value proposition.
Next 6 months
•  Carefully assess which kinds of processes and applications require all
attributes of cloud computing; for these, determine and apply plausible
deployment model options.
•  For government-shared or centralized service provider organizations:
Assess what value you would add to users by undertaking the provision
of cloud-based services.
Next 12 to 18 months
•  Encourage policymaking and procurement organizations to work
with vendors to establish common approaches and standards
that reduce adoption and lock-in risks.
•  Evolve IT and sourcing strategy to include cloud computing.
Related Gartner Research
è  "Five Roles for Government in Cloud
Computing" (G00201496)

è  "Criteria for Government to Evaluate Cloud

Computing" (G00175342)

è  "Helping Governments Cut Through the Definitional

Cloud" (G00175062)

è  "What You Need to Know About Cloud Computing

Security and Compliance" (G00168345)
Thank You!

This presentation is built based on research and

insights developed by Gartner analysts!
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