a. Aortic valve has three cusps, right, left, and posterior b. The left and right coronary arteries branch off the left and right cusps i. Coronary arteries supply the heart with blood 1. Right coronary artery branches to a. Right marginal branch b. Posterior interventricular artery/posterior descending artery (PDA) c. Sinoatrial nodal artery d. Atrioventricular nodal artery 2. Left coronary artery branches to a. Anterior interventricular artery/left anterior descending artery (LAD) b. Circumflex branch 2. Aortic arch branches to i. Brachiocephalic trunk branches to 1. Right common carotid artery 2. Right subclavian artery ii. Left common carotid artery iii. Left subclavian artery 3. Common carotid artery branches to a. Bifurcates around the superior margin of the thyroid cartilage into the internal carotid artery and external carotid artery b. At the bifurcation, there is a carotid body, which is a chemoreceptor c. Internal carotid artery is intracranial and has no branches in the neck; branches to i. Ophthalmic artery, which branches to 1. Lacrimal artery 2. Supraorbital artery 3. Posterior ethmoidal artery 4. Anterior ethmoidal artery 5. Internal palpebral artery 6. Supratrochlear artery 7. Dorsal nasal artery 8. Long posterior ciliary artery 9. Short posterior ciliary artery 10. Anterior ciliary artery 11. Central retinal artery, a terminal branch d. External carotid artery branches to i. At the bifurcation, it widens to form a carotid sinus, which is a baroreceptor ii. Anterior branches, which include 1. Superior thyroid artery, which branches to a. Superior laryngeal artery 2. Lingual artery 3. Facial artery a. Superior labial artery b. Inferior labial artery c. Angular artery 4. Maxillary artery branches to a. Three parts b. First or mandibular part i. Inferior alveolar artery ii. Middle meningeal artery iii. Accessory meningeal artery iv. Deep auricular artery v. Anterior tympanic artery c. Second or pterygoid part i. Branches to pterygoid muscles ii. Branches to masseter muscles iii. Deep temporal branches iv. Branch to buccinator muscle d. Third or pterygopalatine part i. Posterior superior alveolar artery ii. Sphenopalatine artery iii. Infraorbital artery iv. Descending palatine artery v. Pharyngeal branch vi. Artery of pterygoid canal 5. Transverse facial artery 6. Superficial temporal artery iii. Posterior branches, which include 1. Posterior auricular artery 2. Occipital artery 3. Ascending pharyngeal artery 4. Subclavian artery branches to a. Three parts, with respect to the anterior scalene muscle b. First part i. Vertebral artery ii. Internal thoracic artery iii. Thyrocervical trunk branches to 1. Inferior thyroid artery 2. Ascending cervical artery 3. Transverse cervical artery 4. Suprascapular artery c. Second part i. Costocervical artery branches to 1. Deep cervical artery 2. Highest intercostal artery d. Third part i. Dorsal scapular artery e. Subclavian artery travels down under the clavicle to the first rib, where it changes name to axillary artery 5. Axillary artery branches to i. Three parts, with respect to the pectoralis minor muscle ii. First part 1. Superior thoracic artery iii. Second part 1. Lateral thoracic artery 2. Thoracoacromial trunk branches to a. Deltoid branch b. Pectoral branch c. Acromial branch d. Clavicular branch iv. Third part 1. Anterior circumflex humeral artery 2. Posterior circumflex humeral artery 3. Subscapular artery branches to a. Circumflex scapular artery b. Thoracodorsal artery v. Axillary artery runs within the brachial plexus vi. Axillary artery continues as the brachial artery once it passes the inferior aspect of the teres major b. Brachial artery branches to i. Deep brachial artery/profunda brachii artery branches to 1. Radial collateral artery (anastomoses with radial recurrent artery) 2. Middle collateral artery (anastomoses with interosseous recurrent artery) ii. Superior ulnar collateral artery (anastomoses with posterior ulnar recurrent artery) iii. Inferior ulnar collateral artery (anastomoses with anterior ulnar recurrent artery) iv. Bifurcates below the elbow to become the ulnar artery and radial artery 1. Ulnar artery branches to a. Common interosseous artery branches to i. Anterior interosseous artery ii. Posterior interosseous artery branches to 1. Interosseous recurrent artery (anastomoses with middle collateral artery) b. Anterior ulnar recurrent artery (anastomoses with inferior ulnar collateral artery) c. Posterior ulnar recurrent artery (anastomoses with superior ulnar collateral artery) d. Deep ulnar artery, which runs through deep ulnar/Guyon canal 2. Radial artery branches to a. Radial recurrent artery (anastomoses with radial collateral artery) b. Radial artery runs through the anatomical snuffbox in the hand 3. The radial artery and ulnar artery continue into the hand as the superficial palmar arch and deep palmar arch a. Superficial palmar arch is mainly from the ulnar artery b. Deep palmar arch is mainly from the radial artery 6. Thoracic aorta has both paired and unpaired branches a. Paired branches i. Inferior phrenic artery branches to 1. Superior suprarenal artery ii. Middle suprarenal artery iii. Renal artery branches to 1. Inferior suprarenal artery iv. Gonadal artery v. Lumbar artery vi. Common iliac artery b. Unpaired branches i. Celiac trunk branches to 1. Left gastric artery 2. Common hepatic artery branches to a. Proper hepatic artery branches to i. Left hepatic artery ii. Right hepatic artery branches to 1. Cystic artery b. Right gastric artery c. Gastroduodenal artery branches to i. Right gastro-omental artery ii. Superior pancreaticoduodenal artery branches to 1. Anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery 2. Posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery 3. Splenic artery branches to a. Short gastric arteries b. Left gastro-omental artery ii. Superior mesenteric artery branches to 1. Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery branches to a. Anterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery b. Posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery 2. Middle colic artery 3. Right colic artery 4. Intestinal arteries a. Jejunal arteries b. Ileal arteries 5. Ileocolic artery a. Appendicular artery iii. Inferior mesenteric artery 1. Left colic artery a. Ascending branch (anastomoses with middle colic artery) b. Descending branch (anastomoses with sigmoid artery) 2. Sigmoid arteries 3. Superior rectal artery iv. Middle sacral artery 7. Common iliac artery branches to a. Bifurcates at the level of L4/L5 into internal iliac artery and external iliac artery b. Internal iliac artery branches to i. Anterior trunk branches to 1. Obturator artery 2. Inferior gluteal artery 3. Umbilical artery branches to a. Superior vesical artery 4. Uterine artery 5. Vaginal artery or superior vesical artery 6. Middle rectal artery 7. Internal pudendal artery ii. Posterior trunk branches to 1. Iliolumbar artery branches to a. Iliac branch b. Lumbar branch 2. Lateral sacral artery branches to a. Superior branch b. Inferior branch 3. Superior gluteal artery c. External iliac artery i. After it passes the inguinal ligament, it becomes the femoral artery ii. Femoral artery branches to 1. Superficial epigastric artery (anastomoses with inferior epigastric artery) 2. Superficial circumflex iliac artery 3. Superficial external pudendal artery 4. Deep external pudendal artery 5. Deep femoral artery/deep artery of the thigh a. Medial circumflex femoral artery b. Lateral circumflex femoral artery i. Ascending branch ii. Descending branch c. Perforating arteries iii. Femoral artery passes through the adductor hiatus and exits as the popliteal artery iv. Popliteal artery 1. Anterior tibial artery 2. Posterior tibial artery 3. Genicular arteries a. Superior medial genicular artery b. Superior lateral genicular artery c. Inferior medial genicular artery d. Inferior lateral genicular artery v. Anterior tibial artery travels down the anterior part of the leg, then travels through the opening in the interosseous membrane and becomes dorsalis pedis artery/dorsal artery of foot vi. Posterior tibial artery gives off the fibular artery and then continues into the foot as the medial plantar artery and lateral plantar artery d. Arteries of the foot i. Anterior tibial artery 1. Dorsalis pedis artery/dorsal artery of foot a. Deep plantar artery b. Arcuate artery i. Second to fourth metatarsal arteries 1. Second to fourth dorsal digital arteries c. Lateral tarsal artery d. First dorsal metatarsal artery i. First dorsal digital arteries ii. Posterior tibial artery 1. Fibular artery 2. Medial plantar artery 3. Lateral plantar artery iii. Deep plantar arch is formed from the deep plantar artery and lateral plantar artery 1. Perforating branches 2. Plantar metatarsal arteries a. Common plantar digital arteries b. Proper plantar digital arteries