Lovely institute of management

Assignment
Of
Research Methodology

Submitted to: Submitted by:

Shukhwinder arora Ravi Kant
A-15
11004837
Problem definition: - Empirical study of expenditure pattern of students of lovely professional university

Objective: - 1) Identify the expenditure pattern of the student.

2) Identify the factor which affects the expenditure pattern of the student.

Research Methodology

Research Design:

I am conducting research on the expenditure pattern of the LPU student in which problem and objectives are defined so this is a descriptive research
in which we to find out the relationship between the variables.

POPULATION:

The purpose of the research is to identify the expenditure pattern of the student and identify the factor which affects the expenditure of the students.
Because I am conducting research on expenditure patter of LPU students so the population of my research is the student of LPU.

SAMPLING METHOD

In this research, we will use the convenient sampling. The convenient sampling is one in which the researcher according to his convenience collects
the data regarding to his research from various respondent.

SAMPLING ELEMENT

The sampling elements are those who are the respondents of my research.

SAMPLE SIZE

Sampling size refers to the number of respondent to be selected from the population to constitute a sample. This is the major problem before the
researcher. The size of the sample should neither be excessively large nor too small; it should be and must be the true representatives of the
population. That’s why I take 100 respondents for my research.

AREA OF STUDY:

My research is regarding to the expenditure of the LPU student to the area of my study is whole campus of lovely Professional University.

Sources of data: - In this research I study the primary and secondary data.

Primary data:
• Questionnaire

Secondary data:
• Books
• Journals/articles
• Newspapers
• Internet websites

Hypothesis: - In this technique we take the two assumptions null and alternative on following.
H0: µ - Factor does not affect the expenditure of student.
H1: µ - Factor is affecting the expenditure of student.
Data analysis technique: -

Factor analysis

KMO and Bartlett's Test

Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy. .702

Bartlett's Test of Sphericity Approx. Chi-Square 775.487

df 325

Sig. .000

Interpretation: - These item shows that the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) and Bartlett's test. The KMO measures the sampling adequacy which
should be greater than 0.5 for a satisfactory factor analysis to proceed. Looking at the table below, the KMO measure is 0.702 From the same table,
we can see that the Bartlett's test of sphericity is significant is 775.487. That is, its associated probability is 0.00. In fact, it is actually 325. This means
that the correlation matrix is not an identity matrix.

Communalities
Initial Extraction
How much amount do you spend on the stationary 1 0.442
How much amount do you spend on the Cloths 1 0.707
How much amount do you spend on the Food 1 0.84
How much amount do you spend on the Cell phone bills
1 0.662
How much amount do you spend on the Travelling 1 0.499
How much amount do you spend on the Entertainment
1 0.677
How much amount do you spend on the Cosmetics 1 0.757
How much amount do you spend on the Health 1 0.499
How much amount do you spend on the Sports item 1 0.682
How much amount do you spend on the Personal expense
1 0.759
How much amount do you spend on the Smoking 1 0.824
How much amount do you spend on the Drinking 1 0.818
How much amount do you spend on room rent 1 0.682
How much amount do you spend on styling 1 0.632
How much amount do you spend on internet connection
1 0.659
How much amount do you spend academic purpose 1 0.558
My expenditure are influenced by latest market trends 1 0.499
My expenditure are influenced by my friend’s decisions 1 0.584
My expenditure are influenced by availability of money 1 0.623
My expenditure are influenced due to social status 1 0.768
My expenditure are influenced by advertisement of the products
1 0.642
My expenditure are influenced by the various occasions(like festival,
birthday of me and friends) 1 0.659
My expenditure are influenced due to girlfriend/boyfriend 1 0.576
My expenditure are influenced due to smoking 1 0.793
My expenditure are influenced due to cell phone 1 0.82
My expenditure are influenced due to drinking 1 0.76

Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.

Interpretation: - this item shows from the output is a table of communalities which shows how much of the variance in the variables has been
accounted for by the extracted factors. For instance over 82.0% of the variance in expenditure of the student is accounted for while 76.0% of the
variance in availability of the money is accounted for.
 Total Variance Explained

Compon Initial Eigenvalues Extraction Sums of Squared Loadings Rotation Sums of Squared Loadings

ent Total % of Variance Cumulative % Total % of Variance Cumulative % Total % of Variance Cumulative %

1 4.801 18.466 18.466 4.801 18.466 18.466 2.737 10.526 10.526

2 2.896 11.137 29.604 2.896 11.137 29.604 2.329 8.958 19.484

3 1.980 7.615 37.219 1.980 7.615 37.219 2.163 8.320 27.804

4 1.742 6.698 43.917 1.742 6.698 43.917 2.155 8.287 36.091

5 1.405 5.406 49.323 1.405 5.406 49.323 2.125 8.173 44.264

6 1.214 4.668 53.991 1.214 4.668 53.991 1.655 6.365 50.629

7 1.201 4.620 58.610 1.201 4.620 58.610 1.528 5.877 56.506

8 1.161 4.464 63.074 1.161 4.464 63.074 1.498 5.761 62.267

9 1.022 3.930 67.004 1.022 3.930 67.004 1.232 4.737 67.004

10 .925 3.560 70.564

11 .814 3.133 73.696

12 .807 3.105 76.801

13 .738 2.838 79.639

14 .685 2.634 82.273

15 .626 2.407 84.680

16 .594 2.284 86.964

17 .533 2.048 89.012

18 .449 1.728 90.740

19 .425 1.636 92.377

20 .398 1.531 93.908

21 .353 1.358 95.266

22 .348 1.338 96.604

23 .269 1.036 97.640

24 .246 .945 98.585

25 .223 .859 99.444

26 .144 .556 100.000

Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.

Interpretation: - The these item shows all the factors extractable from the analysis along with their eigenvalues, the percent of variance
attributable to each factor, and the cumulative variance of the factor and the previous factors. Notice that the first factor accounts for 67.004of the
variance, the second 67.004and the third 67.004 All the remaining factors are not significant.
Interpretation: - The scree plot is a graph of the given values against all the factors. The graph is useful for determining how many factors to retain.
The point of interest is where the curve starts to flatten. It can be seen that the curve begins to flatten due to change in the factor regularly. Note also
that factor has an given value value of less than 1, so all factors have been retained.
 Component Matrixa

Component

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

How much amount do you

-.091 .537 .255 -.059 .256 -.072 .006 .049 .055
spend on the stationary

How much amount do you

.112 .604 -.495 .207 -.002 .028 .187 -.056 -.058
spend on the Cloths

How much amount do you

.006 .390 -.386 -.254 .139 -.473 .374 .224 -.200
spend on the Food

How much amount do you

.439 .287 -.417 -.226 .012 .187 -.046 .287 -.208
spend on the Cell phone bills

How much amount do you

.515 .186 .051 .062 -.307 -.099 -.116 .273 .011
spend on the Travelling

How much amount do you

.516 .436 -.156 -.038 -.289 -.049 -.305 -.071 -.109
spend on the Entertainment

How much amount do you

.200 .630 -.080 .368 -.128 -.009 -.139 -.363 .108
spend on the Cosmetics

How much amount do

.019 .436 .391 -.138 .285 -.186 .013 -.095 .108
you spend on the Health

How much amount do you

.452 .195 .505 -.101 .030 .244 -.218 -.057 .250
spend on the Sports item

How much amount do you

spend on the Personal .356 -.075 -.249 .247 .518 -.074 .104 .052 .466
expense

How much amount do you

.670 -.163 .401 .281 -.140 -.108 .140 .166 -.177
spend on the Smoking

How much amount do you

.637 -.073 .380 .324 -.184 -.122 .081 .164 -.274
spend on the Drinking

How much amount do you

.504 -.074 .155 -.008 -.178 .006 .540 -.166 .219
spend on room rent

How much amount do you

.576 .165 -.351 .120 -.112 .279 .052 -.197 .050
spend on styling

How much amount do you

.676 .175 .066 .253 .140 -.023 .243 .046 .149
spend on internet connection

How much amount do you

.226 .450 .419 -.155 .279 -.083 -.075 .120 -.014
spend academic purpose

My expenditure are influenced

-.382 .051 .282 .301 -.041 .322 .145 .168 -.163
by latest market trends

My expenditure are influenced

-.420 .415 .194 -.081 -.026 .287 .174 .183 -.210
by my friend’s decisions

My expenditure are influenced

-.221 .095 -.002 .315 .580 .198 -.204 .100 -.198
by availability of money

My expenditure are influenced

-.074 .232 .203 -.304 .108 .254 .473 -.450 -.269
due to social status

My expenditure are influenced

by advertisement of the -.440 -.189 -.041 .250 -.092 .121 .365 .369 .237
products

My expenditure are influenced

by the various occasions(like
-.287 .105 -.120 .690 .015 .212 .011 -.142 -.100
festival, birthday of me and
friends)

My expenditure are influenced

-.539 -.049 .125 .022 -.232 -.280 .054 -.353 .084
due to girlfriend/boyfriend

My expenditure are influenced

-.555 .562 .053 -.089 -.310 .128 -.027 .102 .186
due to smoking

My expenditure are influenced

-.480 .168 .112 .473 .011 -.529 -.037 -.100 -.184
due to cell phone

My expenditure are influenced

-.505 .475 .074 .048 -.270 -.030 .023 .288 .339
due to drinking

Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.

a. 9 components extracted.

Interpretation: - The table below shows the loadings of the eight variables on the three factors extracted. The higher the absolute value of the
loading, the more the factor contributes to the variable. The gap on the table represent loadings that are less because of changing the value of the
factor which affect the expenditure of the student this makes reading the table easier.
 Rotated Component Matrixa

Component

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

How much amount do you

-.066 .105 .605 .184 -.031 .112 .007 .100 .054
spend on the stationary

How much amount do you

-.069 .650 .011 .166 .160 .124 .140 .425 .100
spend on the Cloths

How much amount do you

-.062 .063 .182 .023 .089 -.139 .039 .876 .036
spend on the Food

How much amount do you

.058 .266 .006 -.084 .695 -.029 -.060 .298 -.068
spend on the Cell phone bills

How much amount do you

.464 .253 .087 .027 .253 -.238 -.056 .015 -.295
spend on the Travelling

How much amount do you

.197 .616 .149 -.184 .280 -.204 -.209 .035 -.196
spend on the Entertainment

How much amount do you

.052 .818 .224 .050 -.141 .064 .066 -.064 9.674E-5
spend on the Cosmetics

How much amount do

-.007 .041 .682 .009 -.129 -.027 .056 .021 .104
you spend on the Health

How much amount do you

.251 .115 .481 -.051 .233 -.161 .059 -.536 .013
spend on the Sports item

How much amount do you

spend on the Personal .015 .051 .056 -.168 .128 .094 .823 .041 -.147
expense

How much amount do you

.878 -.024 .033 -.162 .068 -.070 .068 -.107 -.019
spend on the Smoking

How much amount do you

.883 .063 .044 -.149 .050 -.007 -.039 -.064 -.048
spend on the Drinking

How much amount do you

.444 .078 -.047 -.003 .033 -.447 .352 -.059 .386
spend on room rent

How much amount do you

.164 .558 -.187 -.163 .388 -.096 .223 -.067 .135
spend on styling

How much amount do you

.524 .269 .182 -.090 .206 -.057 .469 .024 .066
spend on internet connection

How much amount do you

.176 .023 .712 -.011 .135 .028 -.022 .007 .007
spend academic purpose

My expenditure are influenced

.102 -.136 -.040 .464 -.112 .402 -.169 -.142 .176
by latest market trends

My expenditure are influenced

-.121 -.037 .236 .512 .071 .230 -.331 .094 .271
by my friend’s decisions

My expenditure are influenced

-.144 -.061 .169 -.032 .046 .745 .094 -.011 -.049
by availability of money

My expenditure are influenced

-.086 .035 .209 -.023 -.005 -.032 -.151 .046 .830
due to social status

My expenditure are influenced

by advertisement of the -.036 -.310 -.313 .605 -.132 .106 .217 .065 -.014
products

My expenditure are influenced

by the various occasions(like
.011 .326 -.263 .242 -.285 .573 .076 -.084 .054
festival, birthday of me and
friends)

My expenditure are influenced

-.265 -.034 -.067 .119 -.652 -.142 -.178 -.016 .089
due to girlfriend/boyfriend

My expenditure are influenced

-.372 .216 .220 .674 -.112 -.069 -.296 .012 -.022
due to smoking

My expenditure are influenced

.025 .091 .089 .108 -.743 .329 -.133 .288 -.176
due to cell phone

My expenditure are influenced

-.238 .113 .212 .742 -.176 -.088 -.093 .069 -.206
due to drinking

Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.

Rotation Method: Varimax with Kaiser Normalization.

a. Rotation converged in 19 iterations.

s
Interpretation: - The idea of rotation is to reduce the number factors on which the variables under investigation have high loadings. Rotation
does not actually change anything but makes the interpretation of the analysis easier. Looking at the table below, we can see that availability of the
money for expenditure of the student, are substantially loaded on Factor (Component) All the remaining variables are substantially loaded on Factor
1. These factors can be used as variables for further analysis.

Component Transformation Matrix

Compo
nent 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

1 .599 .282 .085 -.445 .460 -.261 .265 -.076 -.028

2 -.087 .630 .609 .352 .104 .056 -.122 .259 .066

3 .431 -.353 .548 .127 -.289 -.021 -.201 -.473 .158

4 .410 .341 -.264 .192 -.385 .571 .296 -.112 -.185

5 -.232 -.286 .422 -.346 .120 .539 .484 .131 .105

6 -.136 .072 -.200 .283 .569 .292 -.047 -.547 .383

7 .250 -.162 -.137 .329 -.072 -.181 .341 .411 .679

8 .261 -.410 .039 .474 .442 .108 -.007 .276 -.504

9 -.276 .037 .111 .305 -.086 -.427 .659 -.360 -.251

Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.

Rotation Method: Varimax with Kaiser Normalization.

Conclusion: - You should now be able to perform a factor analysis and interpret the result. Many other items are produce in the output, for the
purpose of this illustration they have been ignored. Note that the correlation matrix can used as input to factor analysis. In this case you have to use
SPSS command syntax which is outside the scope of this document.
Statistics
Statistics

gender of the age of the course of the in present where monthly

respondent respondent respondent are you living expenditure

N Valid 98 98 98 98 98

Missing 0 0 0 0 0

gender of the respondent

Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent

Valid male 84 85.7 85.7 85.7

female 14 14.3 14.3 100.0

Total 98 100.0 100.0

Interpretation: - In this research I survey 100 respondent from my target population

in which 85.71% were male respondent and the rest of 14.29% respondent were
female.

age of the respondent

Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent

Valid under 18 15 15.3 15.3 15.3

18-22 69 70.4 70.4 85.7

22-25 12 12.2 12.2 98.0

above 25 2 2.0 2.0 100.0

Total 98 100.0 100.0

Interpretation: - From my sampling population 15.31% respondent were the age of under 18, and 70.41% respondent were under the age of 18-22,
and 12.24% respondent were under the age of 22-25, and the rest of 2.04% respondent were above 25.

course of the respondent

Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent

Valid B. Tech 47 48.0 48.0 48.0

MBA 26 26.5 26.5 74.5

diploma 16 16.3 16.3 90.8

any other 9 9.2 9.2 100.0

Total 98 100.0 100.0

Interpretation: - From my sample population 47.96% respondent are in the course of B.Tech. and 26.53% respondent are in the course of MBA and
16.33% respondent are doing diploma and the rest of the 9.18% respondent are doing any other course in the lovely professional university.
 in present where are you living

Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent

Valid hostel 57 58.2 58.2 58.2

PG 21 21.4 21.4 79.6

on rent 9 9.2 9.2 88.8

at your home 11 11.2 11.2 100.0

Total 98 100.0 100.0

Interpretation: - From my sample population 58.16% respondent are living in the hostel and 21.43% respondent are living in the PG and 9.18% respondent are
living on the rent and rest of the 11.22% respondent are living at their home.

monthly expenditure

Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent

Valid 1000-2000 27 27.6 27.6 27.6

2000-5000 47 48.0 48.0 75.5

5000-8000 14 14.3 14.3 89.8

above 8000 9 9.2 9.2 99.0

5 1 1.0 1.0 100.0

Total 98 100.0 100.0

Interpretation: - From my sample population the expenditure of 27.55% respondent are 1000-2000 and the expenditure of 48.98% respondent are 2000-5000 and
the expenditure of 14.29 respondent are 5000-8000 and the rest of the respondent are spending more than 8000 per month.