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L6 - FLOWLINES & PIPELINES

• PIPELINE & FLOWLINE DESIGN

• LAY TECHNIQUES
– LAY BARGE & LAY SHIP INSTALLATION
– REEL SHIP INSTALLATION
– “J” LAYING
– REEL SHIP INSTALLATION
– FLOWLINE BUNDLES
– FLEXIBLE PIPE

• PIPELINE TIE-INS

• TRENCHING

• ROUTE SELECTION & SURVEYS


Hydraulic/Chemical
OIL GAS Umbilical Electrical umbilical
EXPORT EXPORT
14” Water Injection 3”Service
Seabed

8” Gas Lift
12” 12” 6”
Production Test
PRODUCTION
PLATFORM

Electrohydraulic
10” Water
SUBSEA DEVELOPMENT SCHEME Seabed umbilical
Injection”

8” Production
8” Production

8” Water Injection
Electrohydraulic
umbilical
12 Well Template
Seabbed
SUMMARY - PIPELINE DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

Flow Assurance Issues ( Module 1)

Strength
y Hydraulics – incl. Two-Phase Flow
y Stability – Laying
y Welding
y Installation – Laying Multiphase Flow in Flowlines

y Towing
y Trenching
y Upheaval Buckling
y Corrosion
Installation
Further Aspects to considers :
y Inspection
y Monitoring
y Intervention
y Repair
y Abandonment
Inspection
PIPELINE / FLOWLINE ROUTE SURVEY

y DESIGN
y CONSTRUCTION
y AS-BUILT
y OPERATIONAL

MALAMPAYA Gas Field Pipeline Route

Seabed Bathemetry
Side scan sonar and sub-seabed profiling for route planning
LORELAY PIPELAY VESSEL
BALDER
6 × 12m pipe welded on deck
and lifted to “j” lay tower.

In-line Sled welded into line


APACHE – REEL SHIP (Note now replaced by Apache
11)

Apache was the first self-propelled vessel ever built for laying pipe from a reel. It used a
vertical reel, a concept first introduced by Santa Fe at the 1975 Offshore Technology
Conference. The vertical reel, with the adjustable stern ramp, allowed the lay angle to be
increased or decreased depending on water depth and pipe properties. The preliminary
design basis is for the laying of 16-inch, 12-inch, and smaller pipes in 800m of water. The
reel has a certain capacity (See separate Table), but containing several 10’s of Km the pipe
is normally laid in less than 24 hours.
MAIN REEL
APACHE REEL SHIP Pipe Dia Length 320 REEL
4” 100 Km Pipe Dia Length
6” 64 Km 2” 50 Km
10” 24 Km 4” 13 Km
RANGE OF RAMP
14” 12 Km 6” 7 Km
ANGLES
16” 6 Km
18 – 70 Degrees 200 REEL
Pipe Dia Length
2” 19 Km
4” 6Km
COMPARISON OF PIPELAY VESSEL CAPABILITY ON A SINGLE REEL
Pipeline diameter (ins)
18

16

14 DeepBlue

12

10
Skandi

6
Ugland Reel Apache
4 Apache 11
Norlift

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120
Length (km)
FLOWLINE BUNDLES
FLOWLINE BUNDLES

Bundles are welded under factory conditions, pre-formed into complete


lengths and tested

The completed pipeline bundle is launched into sheltered waters of the bay,
inspected and tested prior to towing out to the field

The drag on the chains during the tow causes the bundle to lift and “fly”
through the water clear of the seabed

1. Towhead
2. Bundle Final positioning of the bundle at the location is undertaken by winching the
neutrally buoyant bundle to a predetermined point on the seabed prior to
3. Tow off Beach stabilising and tying in by divers or ROV’s
FLEXIBLE PIPE

BASIC PRODUCTION FROM STEEL


TAPES AND EXTRUDED PLASTIC

FLEX INSTALLER VESSEL


LAYING FLEXIBLE PIPE

VERTICAL LAYING

HORIZONTAL LAYING
ANCHOR ACTION AN ARMOUR BACKFILL

PROTECTION FOR OFFSHORE PIPELINES


FULL PENETRATION

FLUKE ANGLE CHANGES

STANDARD
140 - 200 LB/FT3 HIGHER STRENGTH
CONCRETE CONCRETE FLUKE REMOVED FROM BOTTOM
PIPE LAYING ON ARMOUR COATING
SURFACE STANDARD 3
1 TYPE 1 BURIED

ANCHOR WALKS ON BACKFILL

STANDARD CONCRETE STANDARD CONCRETE


TYPE 1 WITH ENGINEERED TYPE 1 WITH CONCRETE
ARMOUR BACKFILL (SET ON) ARMOUR COVER
4 5

EXTRA STEEL SPECIAL REINFORCING SHAPED ARMOURED


ARMOUR CONCRETE SECTION
6
B
7
HAZARD OF PIPE BEING HIT BY FISHING EQUIPMENT
Fishing Trawler

Free Span

Point of contact

Trawl boards making contact


with a pipeline span are less
likely to come free when
hitting at an angle
FLAT OTTER BOARD

PIPELINE / FLOWLINE WITH FREE SPAN


FLEXJET 11 - Small Pipe Burial Vehicle

Pipe Tracker Location


System

Pipe Drops to bottom of Trench

Backfill

Pre-Laid Pipe

High Pressure Cutting


Jets Fluidise soil

Low Pressure Jets excavating soil away


from jetting arms
ROCK DUMPING

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