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SKILL 1 : KNOWLEDGE
2. Base quantities Quantities that cannot be defined in terms of other base quantities
Quantities that obtained by combining base quantities by
3. Derived Quantities
multiplication, division or both these operations
4. Scalar quantities Quantities that have magnitude but no direction
7. Zero error Error due to the pointer does not return to zero when not in use
SKILL 2 : UNDERSTANDING
Question 1
Accuracy is the ability of the instrument to give readings close to the actual value.
The value determined is accurate if it is near to the actual value
The consistency of a measuring instrument is the ability of instrument to record consistent readings for
each measurement with little deviation among readings.
The measurement is consistent if the values determined are close to each other.
Question 2
(b) mercury does not vaporize/ conducts heat well/ does not wet the sides of the tube/ thread
opaque
Question 3
(i) No
(ii) the reading from Student 2 and 3 out of range (0-3V).
SKILL 3 : CONCEPTUALIZATION
Question 1
(a) ampere or A
[1 mark]
(b) Figure 1(a), reading of ammeter is 0.9 A and Figure 1(b), reading of ammeter is 0.75 A.
Reading in Figure 1 (a) has one decimal place, reading in Figure 1(b) has two decimal places
Ammeter in Figure 1(b) has more divisions in scale than in diagram 1(a)
Ammeter in Figure 1(b) can detect a smaller change than in diagram 1 (a)
Concept : sensitivity
[5 marks]
Question 1
(d) The zero error has to be subtracted from both the external and internal diameter
In determining the thickness of the glass, the internal diameter is subtracted from the external
diameter, thus the zero error will cancel out
[2 marks]
Question 2
Question 1
Question 2
(ii) Area = 20 cm x 10 cm
= 20 cm2
= 20 x 10-4 m2 [3marks]
Question 1
.
Characteristic Reason
SKILL 1 : KNOWLEDGE
3. Vector quantity A physical quantity which has both magnitude and direction
10. Newton’s First law An object will remain at rest or motion with uniform velocity
along a straight line unless it is acted upon by an external
What is meant by Statement
force.
11. Newton’s Second law The net force on an object is proportional to the rate of change
in momentum.
12. Newton’s Third law To every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
.
13. Momentum The product of mass and velocity of an object
15. Force A push or a pull that can change the size, shape or velocity of
an object.
17. Impulsive force A large force that acts for a short period of time during a
collision or explosion
20. Free fall Free fall occurs when an object falling under the force of
gravity only without being affected by any other external
forces.
.
21. Work The product of force and the displacement along the direction
of the force
23. Gravitational field The region in which an object experiences a force due to
gravitational attraction.
24. Potential energy The Potential Energy of an object is the energy stored in the
object because of its position or state.
25. Elastic potential energy The energy of an object when it is stretched or compressed
SKILL 2 : UNDERSTANDING
No Answers Mark
When the boy jumps onto the river bank, his momentum is forward. 1
Using the Principle of conservation of momentum, 1
1
the total momentum before and after jumping is equal. 1
The boat moves backward to balance the forward momentum. 1
- Fuel burns in the combustion chamber 1
- Hot gases expelled at high speed backwards 1
- A large backwards momentum is produced 1
2
- In accordance to the principle of conservation of momentum, The rocket 1
gains forwards momentum of equal magnitude
- When the solid is stretched, the molecules displaced away from each other 1
- When the solid is compressed, the molecules displaced closer to each other 1
2
Passenger compartment must be - so that the compartment is not 2
built with strong and reinforced easily crumpled and the
frame passengers are safe during a 2
collisions
Any
2 other
reason
Air bag that can be inflated - the air bag acts as cushion to able
within a split of a second is fitted prevent the driver being thrown sugges
inside the steering. forward during a collision. Also tions
increases time to stop. This and
reduces the impulsive force reason
s
Broads safety seat belts - to prevent passengers from
hitting into the windscreen.
The body of the car must be low as - So that the car is more stable and
possible and is fitted with board not easily toppled when taking
base the corners
tyres .
SKILL 5 : PROBLEM SOLVING – QUANTITATIVE
Distance = 20 x 5 2
(i)
= 100 m
(ii) 500 N 2
1
a = F / m = -500 2
(iii) 800
-2
= -25 ms
=0.02 J
Elastic potential energy 1
3 (i)
F 3.6 1
k , k
(ii) x 4
k = 0.9 N cm-1
E = ½ Fx 2
(iii) = ½ x 3.6 x 4/100
= 0.072 J
5 2
x
(iv) 0.9
l = 12 – 5.56 = 6.44 cm
i 72 x 1000
3600 1
72 kmh-1 = = 20 ms-1
4
Impulse = mv –mu 1
= 0 – (800 x 20) 1
= 16000 Ns Ans + unit
ii. 16000
1
Impulsive force = 0.2 1
= 80000 N
(a) 500N 1
(b) (i) 200 sin 300 N (ii) 200 cos 300 N 1+1
5 (ii) 173.2N = 50 a 1
a = 3.464 m s-2
1
(d) 500 + 200sin 300 = 600 N
(e) Because the total force acting perpendicular to the floor is smaller. 1
QUESTION ANSWER MARK
QUESTION MA
NO.
ANSWER
RK
Characteristics Explanation
High spring constant Stiffer, more potential energy stored and
converted to kinetic energy. The kinetic energy
provided pushes the competitors higher up in 2
the air.
(i) Steel frame Stronger, can support the competitor
2
More coiled springs Allows for higher bounces and more
1 complicated stunts. 2
Q is chosen because it has the highest spring constant, it is made of steel and has 2
the most number of coiled spring.
Total 10
Characteristic Reasons
Density of the material must be small To make the landing pad lighter / 1+1
easier to carry 1+1
Elasticity must be high Lengthen the time of impact to reduce 1+1
the impulsive force 1+1
Thickness must be thick Better absorb the impact // to reduce 1
the impulsive force 1
Air absorption must be high Release and absorb the air easily
2
1
higher spring 1
constant small compression of the spring
1
small natural 1
frequency
to reduce bumping 1
1
D , because has a small diameter , highest elastic limit ,highest spring constant and
small natural frequency
4 (a) 5N 1
(c) Picture in figure (a) because, the tension of the string is higher 2
Miscellaneous
1 F2 = 10 cos 30oN
= 10 (0.866) N
= 8.66 N
2
F
Force 1
1. Pressure is force acting normally per unit area // P
Area
2. Density is the mass per volume 1
SKILL 2 : UNDERSTANDING
1 (a) Archimedes Principle 1
(b) 1. Total density of ship < density of water 1
2. Buoyant Force = Total weight of ship 1
(c) (i) To ensure the ship will not be overload // ensure the safety of ship 1
(ii) To enable the ship to travel safely in different densities of sea water 1
SKILL 3 : CONCEPTUALIZATION
1. (a) Mass divide by volume 1
(d) Submarine 1
SKILL 4 : PROBLEM SOLVING – QUALITATIVE
Modification Explanation
Cylinder with a bigger bulb to avoid overturn
The hydrometer float in alcohol, mark the liquid level (upper level)
TOPIC : HEAT
SKILL 1 : KNOWLEDGE
Thermal equilibrium is reach when the net rate of heat transfer between the
3. Thermal
two bodies is zero and its reach the same temperature.
equilibrium
6. Specific latent Specific latent heat of vaporization is defined as the quantity of heat energy
heat of required to change 1 kg of a substance from the liquid state to the gaseous
vaporization state, without change in temperature
Lw= Q , SI unit for L= J kg-1
m
Boyle’s Law states that for a fixed mass, at constant temperature, the
7. Boyle’s Law
pressure of gas is inversely proportional to its volume.
Charle’s Law states that for a fixed mass at constant presure, the volume of
8.Charle’s Law
gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature.
Pressure Law states that for a fixed mass at constant volume, the pressure of
9. Pressure Law
gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature. .
SKILL 2 : UNDERSTANDING
No Answers Mark
Thermometer is placed in the mouth of patient, 1
Heat is transferred from patient’s body to the thermometer 1
1 Thermal equilibrium between the thermometer and patient’s body is reached when 1
the net rate of heat transfer is zero.
The thermometer reading shows the temperature of the patient’s body. 1
No Answers Mark
During the day,the land and the sea receive the same amount of heat from the sun.
1
Water has a higher specific capacity than the land 1
2
The land is heated to a higher temperature than the sea/The density of the air above 1
the sea is higher than the density of the air above the land.
The air above the land flows up and the air above the sea flows towards the land. 1
SKILL 3 : CONCEPTUALIZATION
QUESTION
Lower fixed point 1
The thermometer is placed in pure melting ice
When the mercury level is steady, its position in glass stem of 1
the thermometer is marked as 0oC .
Upper fixed point
The thermometer is placed in a container that is surrounded by steam of boiling 1
(i) water at ordinary atmospheric pressure
When the mercury level is steady, its position on the glass stem of the thermometer 1
is marked as 100oC .
1
The distance on the stem of the thermometer between 0oC and 100oC is measured, 1
then divided equally into 100 parts. (Each part represents 1oC) 1
L - Lo x 100 oC 1
L100 - Lo
QUESTIO
MA
N ANSWER
RK
NO.
Modifications Reason
2
thermometer is made from so that it is not easily broken
transparent glass that is strong
the thermometric liquid chosen is because it easily expands 2
mercury uniformly
(i) the capillary tube is made narrow so that it is more sensitive 2
3 and thin
the shape of the thermometer is so that it has a magnifying effect
round 2
the thermometer is placed in the thermometer is placed in
melting ice to obtain the lower steam from boiling water to 2
point obtain the upper point
Total 10
QUESTIO MAR
ANSWER
N K
P = Patm + Pwater 1
(i) = 10 + 0.5
= 10.5 m water
P1V1 = P2V2 1
V1 = P2V2
1
P1
(ii) = 10.5 x 0.5
10
= 0.525 cm3
1
Pt
L =
m
= 0.1 x 10 3 x 156
(a) 1
0.05
= 312000 J kg-1
1
2
t = 72 s (from graph) 1
c = Pt
(b) mθ 1
= 0.1 x 10 3 x 72
0.05 x 140
= 1028.57 J kg-1 °C
QUESTIO MAR
ANSWER
N K
1
QUESTIO
MA
N ANSWER
RK
NO.
Characteristics Explanation
High boiling point It will not boil easily when absorbing heat 2
from the engine
Low freezing point It will not freeze during cold weather//can flow
at low temperature 2
High specific heat It can transfer a big quantity of heat with small
(i) capacity rise in temperature 2
1 A low ability to react The metal parts of the engine will not corrode
with metals easily
2
K is the most suitable liquid
Because of its low freezing point, high boiling point, high specific of heat capacity
1
and low ability to react with metals
1
Total 10
QUESTIO
MA
N ANSWER
RK
NO.
Characteristics Explanation
Low specific heat capacity Easy get cold // becomes cool quickly
of ice cream box 2
Smaller size of ice cream Easier to carry // easy too become cool 2
(i) box R is
2 Plastic PVC Poor conductor of heat chosen 2
Bright colour of outer box Does not absorb heat from surrounding because
quickly Low
specific heat capacity of ice cream box, Smaller size of ice cream box, Plastic PVC, 2
Bright color of outer box
1
1
Total 10
Miscellaneous
2
p
1
V
3 Aluminium contains more heat energy than Copper