Physical Fitness Exercises and Tests and

Judo Manual - September 1944

By Roy H. Moore Sr.
CSF US%R
Chief Judo Instructor
Camp Parks California

Mr. Jerry Hays, Rokudan (6th Dan), past officer of California Judo Inc., archivist for US Judo
Federation, and 50 plus year Judoka provided the following information and documents.

This manuscript is a PT and Judo training manual that was written in 1944 for the US Navy
Seabees. The author was Chief Ship Fitter Roy H. (Pop) Moore, Sr., a championship American
Wrestler and Judoka. The contest rules for judo was written by Chief Specialist Emilio ("Mel")
Bruno, also a top ranked American Wrestler and Judoka, who later headed the Strategic Air
Command’s Judo and Physical Conditioning unit.

It should be noted that Roy H. (Pop) Moore, Sr., had two sons, Roy H. Moore, Jr. a highly
ranked Wrestler and Judoka in his own right (who was Mr. Hays instructor and is still alive at
89) and the other was Mel Bruno, who was Mr. Moore’s foster son. Mel lived until he was about
92.

Interestingly, in 1930-1, Dr. Kano, Judo’s founder, asked Pop Moore to be the wrestling coach
for the Japanese. Mr. Moore won a world wrestling title during the period of 1910-1919. It was
pro wrestling but not as it is today. Two Japanese wrestlers stayed with the Moore’s for a year
prior to the 1932 Olympic Games in LA. One of the two Japanese wrestling was Sumiyuki
Kotani, who was involved in judo and was one of Jigoro Kano's direct students. Kotani was later
a 10th Dan in Judo, only the 7th man to receive a 10th Degree Black Belt while he was still alive.

For an in-depth look into the careers of Mr. Moore and Mr. Bruno, please reference the articles at
the end of the manual.

In this picture, Roy Jr. is the third from the left in the top row. Also in this picture
is Mel Bruno (Roy's foster brother), Roy H. (Pop) Moore, Sr. (his dad).
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]fATAL aonntroHON llfULIOlf RBPIoACDBlr DEPO!

OUP P.ABDl, O.t.LUORBll
September, 1944
loy H. "C!n~.8.J'., U.S.N.B • .1. 0h1..&1' Judo Irllrtru.otor,
1I111'tU;r ng De1lartment, aamp l1aks, Oal.i1'orni.
lI111t&%'7 !ra:tn1ng OUioer
Bequest to subJDi tt a propoaal for a l'hysioal. J'.1 tne...
Prograa :for use in Oamp hr~s. .
RD'lSR&tfOBS t Attached phampletts oovering details of' proposed
phySioal. t'itneas program ~ 121e princ1.pal.s of' Judo.
1. Having spent several years on the ph;rsical training
and conditioning of' men and having enooun1lered IIII!I11y p%'OgraJ118
tor p~S1o.l 1;ra1 n1 ng, i have developed a l'hys1oal J'1-meas
Program 1IIb1ch U properl;v olllT1ed out 11111 lead to .r1te4 UIoo
provement in 'the ph;fsiGal oondition an4 stem1 na in 'Cbe in41n.dual.
man included in tis program. !his 1ndividual Urpro"'ement will
help to make a better mill tar:r organization. .
,2. By obllerril'lg the phys10al program now in use, 1t 1s
noticable the;; IIlaIll' men are o~ :from the prog:am and. are
therefore not in proper oond1tion :for oombat duty. .
~ ~ proposalof' a lIbyslcaj, ' J11mess Program :for Oamp
Parks cons1sts of' })rogl'8ss1ve pbyllioal :fibess tests to determine
individual ~sical aptitude o:f al.l panomel. attached to this
stationln:~" at the same time to improve the physioal 001141 tion
of' the vidual. !frain1 ng will be given on the individual.
events oovered in the above mentioned tests. lilsted below is a
I;!llmmery of' the proposed program,
a) Dail;v, 1mmed1ate4r after oolors, presoli.bed physic~l
exerc1ses will. be given to insurlt the phys:1.cal health
01' intividuala aboard the station.
b) At convienent times, the basic principals ' o~
Swi!ll!!1ng (as now taught) and han4-~ban4 combat,
1nc1natng the ~, darenae against 1he 1al1fe, the
ba;ronet, anet the pistol, ull be taught all hall4s
:for their use in combat. Oare:ful supervision of 1ibe
USe of the cO!!I!Mndo oourses will fUrther condl tion
men :f.or combat duty.
0) fhe Physioal :I'1tnes8 Program 11111 be under the
dinotion of' the Mill tary ~tn1ng Department r4
Oamp Parks. ~e present 111111 tar,y training instruotors
w11l receiVe speoial inStruotions designed to aid in
the proper supervision and training of men undergoing
training at this station. m. un1 ts stationed at
lamp Parka should be inoluded in the proposed
program.
h8e 2

d) fhe training mentione4 in "th1s proposal ~ be gi't"en

on the drill 1'l8ld, the various gyDlaSiums, and at
other aftil1abl& looations in Oaqp Pu-ks.
e) lIaoh battalion ?d.U detedl fifiy men to1;lle Judo
ola.. for an ei.s)lt,' to one.huna.rea--nd-benty honr
Goune des1gned to malt. Physioal ft tness and Judo
1nstructors for the bat"tal.1on upon ' the 4epartllre
01' the battalion :trom 1h1s station.
4. It 1s requested 1hat th1s proposed program be studied
and that 110 be conaidered for use aboard this station.

'7 • »00 •
.et ·Judo Inatruc'tor
• JI111t&r7 Training D.part!Den1l
Oamp lIarks, Oa111'o%'!1ia

,
 FOREWORD

Our armed forces always has need of men with trained

minds, enlightened enough and vigorous enough to deal with
the personal problems. Likewise these service men need to be
physically fit, hara., sturdy, and enduring. The duty of
developing the trained mind and the healthy body and sending
forth men of the services who are physically and mentally fit
to cope with the demands of the armed forces has long been
accepted by the various branches of our B-~ed forces.
These demands are important in times of peace, but they
are multiplied and intensified under conditions of war. It
is imperative, therefore in these times that the training
centers give increased attention and consideration to measur-
ing the physical fitness and feveloping its personnel physically
through programs of tests and physical education. And these
programs must be constantly evaluated in terms of the needs of
efficient personnel living under wartime cohditions whether
the optimum results are being achieved.
This Physical Fitness test and course of Judo has been
prepared for the use of Training Officers, and lI'!.ili tary Train-
ing Supervisors and Instructors of physical fitness, who must
build programs that attain this desirable and import~
objective of physical fitness for the armed forces of our
nation.

~, ~4/~
e, C. F. ~tis;.;/·,rt.

Chief Judo Instructor

Military Training Department
Camp Parks, California
 PREFACE

This Physical Fitness Achievement Test is comprised of

a battery of tests that has been prepared for use in the armed
forces as a means of focusing the attention of interested
persons, military authorities, r~litary Training Officers, In-
structors of Physical Fitness Programs, Commanders of units
and the ind~vidual himself , upon essential elements involved
in a program for testing physical fitness.
Physical fitness involves the abi lity to participate in
strenuous activities with comparative ease and ef£iciency with-
out undue fatigue and to sustain the effort over a period of
time. The promotion of this abili t y through physical training
programs may well be a step toward meeting the goal which is
essential at this time.
If we accept the challenge of the time we must be willing
to adopt a program of physical training to the urgent needs of
the present day. In accordance with the biological principles
that development and strength in bodily strv.cture .and function
depend upon use and exercise, the . program shoUld be built around
various mass and military types of events that require vigourous
physical activity.
Furthermore in preparing a program for physical fitness,
we must provide for a kimd of strength that goes with, but
carries the personnel beyond the limits of mere strenmth of
of body and strength of mind. This is the strength of the '
spirit, the "hard fibre" demanded by the armed forces. This
fibre is best developed in men through a program of activities
that involves the competitive factor. The measuring of one
indi vidual t s ability a gainst that of another. It is believed
that an objective device that can be used to measure the ability
of the individual and the group will motivate the interest of
those participants in a physical fitness pro gr am , encourage
participation, and give the added incentive that comes with
competition.
 NATliRE AND PURPOSE OF THE PHYSICAJJ FITJlJES S TEST AND PHYSICAL
FITNESS TRAINI NG

The physical fitness test is for use with men in all branches
of military training fro m a. primary training routine through the
advance military programs as a checkup of the physical fitness of
personnel at all times.
I t is designed to measure such elements of physical fitness as
power, strength, speed, endurance, flexibility, agility, balance,
and co-ordination. The development of the physical attributes
has always been a part of physical fitness of physical education
pro grams in the armed forces, but in war time when physical
training must help prepare men for the rigors of military life
in a short time, development of the elements requisite to
rigorous physical .acti vi ty is of !!lore viiial importance. both to
the individual and the nation.
A program of competitive e~ents through which the factors of
physical fitness may be measured seems to motivate the program of
fraining for physical fitness and thereby promotes the objective
of physical fitness. Each event of such a program must be a
valid and reliable measure of cert.ain important phase s of motor
ability; and the battery of tests PJUst provide and use W1 adequate
sampling of these abilities .
Events meeting these standards were chosen for the physical
fi tness tests on the basis of the folloV'liij.g factors;
1. simplicity 2. ease of administration
3. equipment easily obtainable 4. already established achieve-
ment norms

USE OF PHYSICAL TESTS

It is suggested that the test be administered to each and

every meaber of Station Force, Battalions, and Special Units, as
assiEned to this station, t o be supervised by the ]'(lili tary Train-
ing ~e12artment, and administered at various intervals of from
four to six weeks; so that a record of the individuals' impDove-
ment may be noted and a course of action laid out accordingly .
In USing the tests to motivate a program for developing
physical fitness, the following points should be observed;
1. The results of the tests should be used to improve the
instructional program; as for exa mple, in diagnosing stren~ths
and weaknesses, and in determining progress in the abilities that
contribute to physical fitness.
 2. The tests should not be used to the exclusion of other
activities (Military drill, hikes, Conmando courses, field problems,
and supervised calisthenics, Judo, bayonet drill, and etc.)
which are valuable in physical training programs.

INTER-BATTALION, UNIT, OR SECTION COMPETITIONS

It is recommended that the Physical Fitness Tests be used for
inter-battalion, inter-unit, inter-sectional or Station competition.
To meet the demands of restricted length of assignment to station,
i t is suggested that all competition be conducted within the
specific unit, with contestants performing their own specified
assigned fields and scores; and the results published. All
personnel assigned to the specific unit who are physically fit
should perform in order that the results of the competition may
be meaningful in terms of -the objective of physical fitmess for
all.

~rTS I N TIIE PHYSICAL FITlrESS TESTS

The Physical Fitness Test consists of five events; each
physically fit man to participate in each event and score according
to chart.
Group #1; Events which measure power together with co-ordination,
strength , and flexibility of legs and body; plus balance:
1: Standing Broad Jump
2: Standing hop, step, and jump
Group #2: Events which measure strength of arms and shoulder
girdle :
1: Pull up (Chin)
2: Rone climb (15 or 20 feet)
3: PuSh up
Group #3: Events which measure endurance and speed;
1: 150-yard ran
2: 220-yard run
3: 300-yard run
Group #4: Events which measure agility, co-ordination and
body control by the arms; plus balance:
1: Bar snap for distance
2: Bar vault for height (4, 5, or 6 feet)
Group #5: 1: Frog stand, deSigned to measure balance, and
strength of arms and shoulder girdle.
2: Set-up, designed to measure aidominal strength
and body flexibility.
 3: Burpee test, designed to measure agility, and large
muscle co-ordination.

TEST PROCEEDURES
Group #1 : (Standing Broad Jump)
Description: The trainee stands with the feet several inches apart
and with toes just back of the take-off mark or front of the take-
off board. The take-off is made from both feet, and the trainee
jumps forward as far as possible, landing on both feei.
Free swinging of the arms and bending the knees is permitted
but the feet must not leave the board or take-off line until the jump
is made.
Rules;
a) ~nree fair trials (not including fouls) shall be allowed and
the best of the tmree recorded.
b) The trainees performance is recorded in feet and inches to
the nearest inch.
c) The measurement of the jump is made from the nearest imprint
(including any imprint by hands or body), made by the jumper in
landing to the take-off or front edge of take-off board and at
right angles to the take-off line or board.
d) Violation of any points under "Description" constitutes a
foul.

STANDING HOP, STEP, AND JUMP-

Description:
The trainee stands on one foot with toes just back of the
take off line or front of the take-off boEEd; hops forward, landing on
the same foot; steps forward, landing on the opposite foot; and
finally leaps forward, landing on both feet. From start to
finish the performance is continuous without pause. It is advisable
to place the take-off line in such a position that the trainee's
jump will be ~e into the jumping pit.
Rules;
a) ~ee fair trmals (not including fouls) shall be allowed
and the best of these recorded.
 b) The trainee's performance is recorded in feet and inches.
c) The measurement shall be made from the point nearest
the take-off line where the trainee's body makes a mark after
the final jump to the front edge of the take-off line, and
at right angles to it.
Trainees must take off on one foot but are permitted to Swing
the opposite leg at the start. A hop in place preceeding the take-
off is a foul.

Group #2 PULL UP
Besc:rn.ption;
The trainee hangs on a horizontal bar with arms and legs fully
extended using the upper grip, (knuckles to the face). He
raises his body by his arms until his chin can be placed over the
bar and lowers his body to a full hang. The exercise is
repeated as many times as possible~.
Rules:
a ) Only one trial shall be allowed unless for some reason
the instructor believes that the trainee has not had a fair
opportunity.
b) The trainee ' s performance shall be recorded as the number
of pull-ups made after extension of the arms.
c) The body must not swing during the exercise of the
movement. The knees must not be raised.
dl No resting or change of grips is allowed.
ROPE CLIMB (15 feet or 20 feet)
Description:
A suspended rope should be used, not less than l~ inches or
more than two inches in diameter; and constructed of either three or
four strands.
The trainee stands grasping the rope with hands reaching as
high as possible. At the signal "Go" he starts to climb, using
hands and feet if he wishes, or hands only if he so desires;
the object being to reach the proper mark on the rope as quiCkly
as possible.
Rules:
a) Ten trials shall be allowed. The better time .is
recorded.
b) The trainee's performance is recorded as the elapsed time
from the signal "Go" to the instant a hand touches or passes the
marked distance.
c) The time shall be recorded in seconds and tenths.
 PUSH UP

DESCRIPTION:
The trainee assumes a leaning rest position from a stand by
squatting, placing the bands on the deck, or ground, shoulder
width apart, fingers forward, then places the feed backwards so that
the weight rests on the hands and toes . The body must be straight~
head normal. The line from t he ankles to the top of the head must
be straight throughout the entire exercise.
From this position he bends his arms, keePin~ the body perfectl~
straight, until his chin, (not the rest of his ody) touches the
deck or ground. He then extends his arms, again keeping the body
straight, and returns to the Original position. The exercise is
repeated as many times as possible.
Rules:
a) The trainee's performance shall be recorded as to number of
perfectly executed push-ups he is able to make to a full extension of
the arms.
b) No resting is permitted.
c) The rhythm shall not be faster than 30 to the minute.
d) No push-ups shall be counted in which the trainee fails to:
1. Keep his body perfectly straight.
2. Come up to full extension of the arms.
3. Touch the chin to the deck or ground. (Touching the
body to the deck, or ground nullifies that particular push-up.

GROUP #3
150, 220 and 300 yard Runs:
Description:
Trainees should take their marks usingthe crouching start. As
many run at a time as lanes and stop watches will allow for proper
timing. The starter will use the commands; "Get on your marks", "Get
set", "Go". The command "Go" should be accompanied by a downward
sweep of the arm as a signal to the timer. Care must be taken to
get the trainees off to an even start . Lanes should be provided
so that trainees may run in a straight line.
A timer with a stop wa tch is stationed at the finish line for
each trainee. In case of an oVRl tr2ck, rturners should be cautioned
to stay in their respective lanes. It is essential that a reasonable
period of warm-up be allowed.
Rules;
a) Only one trial shall be allowed unless for some reason the
trainee is disqualified (improp er start, crosses into the lane
other than his own).
 b) Each trainee's performance is recorded in seconds and tenths
as the time elapsed between the starting signal and the instant
he crosses the finish line.
c) Trainees must not interfere with one another.

GROu:P # 4
BAR SNAP FOR DISTANCE
Description;
The trainee steps up to the bar, grasps it ~vith the upper
grip, (that is, knuckles toward the face) body eredt, feet
nearer than the shoulders to the vertical naane of the bar.
leg~ and arms straight. With a take-off on both feet he jumps
slightly in the air; ~uickly flexes his hips so that his insteps
or shin bones come close to the bar; and as his flexed body swings
under the bar, he shoots his feeli upward, arches his baele and
lets go of the bar at the right moment to give distance, landing
on both feed as far from the bar as possible. The bar shall
be set at a height of 4. feet, 6 inches from the ground.
Rules;
a) After a reasonable time for warm-up or practice, three
trials for distance shall be allowed and trainee's performance
recorded as the best of the three trials.
b} The trainee's perforn~nce shall be recorded in feet and
inches, to the nearest inch.
c) The measurement shall be taken on the ground or deck
and at a right angle to the intersection of the vertical plane
of the bar and the grgund or deck to the point where any part
of the body touches the ground or deck nearest the bar.
FEHCE VAULT
Description;
The trainee steps up to the fence, grasps top with the upper
grip (that is, knuckles up and toward the face), body erect, eyes
front, feet nearer than the shoulders to the vertical plane of
the top of the fence, arms and legs straight. With a spring
from both feet and at the same time a strong pull with the
arms, he swings his legs vigorously to one side and at the same
instant straightens his arms (pushes up on them) so as to carry
his body over the fence. Both arms should carry the body weight.
Height lilt' fence to be: 4 feet; 4 feet, 6 inches; 5 feet; and 5
feet, six inches.
Rules:
a} After a reasonable warm-up (trials) two trials shall be
allowed at each height.
 b) The trainee's performance shall be recorded as to number of
various heights of the bar cleared. (As to chart for height of
trainee) •
c) No part of the body shall touch the fence except the hands.
d) The vault must be one continuous movement from the time
the feet leave the deck or ground until landing. N@ double
jumping is permitted, that is, a jump in place before the actual
take-off. It is permissible to raise the heels off the deck or
gro~d and to bend the knees in preparing for a vault.
e) The top of the fence shall not exceed 4 inches in width.

GROm? # 5
FROG STAND

Description;
In this test the trainee stands with heels together and comes
to full knee bend, placing his hands on the floor about 6 inches
in front of the toes. The knees should be placed outside of and
above the elbows. The trainee should then rock forward on the hands
and hold the hand stand position as long as possible. The twst
should be demonstrated and the trainees given one minute in Which to
practice. When giving this test with large groups, the instructor
should call "Attention, Hands on Deck, Place, Ready, Up' He then
starts his stop watch and counts in a loud voice the seconds as they
pass. Each trainee keeps track of his own score, which isbefore the
trainee's feet or body come down to the deck or ground.
Rules;
a) After the body wei&ht is raised on the hands, the test is
ended when any part of thebody except the hands touch the deck
or ground.
b) Time is recorded from the command "Upt" until the trainee's
body or feet touch the deck or ground as the last complete
seoond is coun~ed.
c) Three trials shall be allowed and the best time of these
three recorded.

SIT-m?
Description;
This event should be conducted on a deck or smooth surfaced plot
of groLUld. The trainee taking the test sits on the deck or
ground with feet held by a partner. His body and head is erect,
his knees straight, and pis fingers clasped together behind his
head with arms parallel to a plane projected through his shoulder
blades.
 He then lowers his trunk backwards to a position about 3 11
above the deck or ground barely touching it with his shoulders
the thumb side of a second partner's hand held on the deck or '
ground with palms at right angles to the floor. After touching
the partner's hand, the trainee immediately raises his body to the
vertical position and repeats the exercise a s many times as
possible. The rhythm is one complete movement (backward and
upward) in 6 seconds.
It is suggested that three trainees work together, one taking the
test, one holding the feet, and the third ho lding his hands on
the deck or ground. The trainee holding the feed coun~s the
number of sit-ups , and the t7ainee holding ~is hands o~ the deck
or groUnd watches for infractions of the rules.
Rules;
a) The arms and haea must rewain in the original position
throughmut the test. Any deviation from arm and head position
or from the rhythm of one complete movement i n 6 sedonds nullifies
the particular sit-up in question.
b) No pause is permitted between the movements of raising
and lowering the trunk.
c) Failure to touch partner's hand nullifies that particular
sit-up. No momentary relaxation is permitted when touching the
hand.
d) The trainee's score shall be the number of perfectly
executed sit-ups he is able to do.

BURl'EE TEST

Upon the command to begin, the trainee flexes his hips to the
squat-rest position, leans forward, and places his hands on the
deck or ground somewhere in front of the feet. He then thrusts
both legs backward to the front leaning pOSition, with the body
approximately straight from the shoulders to the f eet holding
the head erect , eyes forward. He returns to a squat fest
pOSition, with the body approximately straight from the shoulders
to the feet holding head eredt, eyes forward. He returns to a
squat-rest pOSition, and then to a standing position. He repeats
this movement a s rapidly as possible until the command to stop is
given. No particular degree of bending is p~escribed and there
are only two major rellUiremen'ts as to form:
1) Where the legs are thrust backward, the knees and hips
must be straightened out. The hips may sag below a line between
the Sl oulders and heels, they must descend at least to such a
line.
 ,

2} When the trainee returns to a standing position he must

straighten up so that the trunk is in a str~ight line with the
legs. He may if he wishes however be inclined forward from feet
to head. In other words, the line of his body must be straight,
but not necessarily vertical. The fastest performers start the
feet thrusting backwards almost before the hands touch the floos
and they bend the knees relatively little. In other words,
the fastest method of performing this test is not to squat clear
down, but to bend the knees about 45 degrees and then thrust
the whole leg backwards. HOWEVER, THE LEGS MAY NOT BE EXTE~TDED
BACKWARDS UNTIL THE HANDS HAVE TOUCHED THE FLOOR.
The test is ecored as the number of full mcvements and
quarter movements performed in 20 seconds. If a trainee has
performed the complete movement five times and his hands have
just touched the deck or ground on the sixth trip as the stop
signal is given, he is crediteded with five and a quarter move-
ments. If his feet have reached the backward front leaning-
rest position, it is a half movement. If he has returned to the
squat-rest position with his hands still on the floor, it is a
three-quarter movement.
The squad to be tested should be distributed in columns
of threes and matched by threes. The instructors should explain
and demonstrate several ways of doing the exercise or test. It
should be practiced by the trainees under supervision before the
tests. For the final tests, one group of threes does the tests,
Wfuile the following group of three C01L~ts the nluuber of move-
ments. After a period of practice, three trials are given, and
the best score is recorded.
 SCALES FOR SCORING TESTS

Seales for scoring performance in each of the events of the

~ysical Fitness Test have been so constructed that a given
score on a particular event is equivalent in terms of quality
of performance to the same score on all other events. Con-
sequently, the score on the five events can be added to give
the total score on the test.
Scores range from 0-100. A score of 50 re~resents the
average performance. A score of 100 represents a performance
that can be excelled by only very few of the trainees. And a
score of 0 rep~esents a performance below which a very small
percentage of trainees will be found.
The one set of scales, ~pp earing on the chart is to be for
scoring the performa~ce of all trainees in the classification
as shown in the chart.
It is recommended that battalions and all special groups
make adequate records of the performances of all trainees in
the Physical Fitness Test as per suggested form of record
card or sheet.
1. Devised by Royal H. Burpee of the William Sloane House
Y.M.C.A. of New York City.

NOTE: These tests and exercises are taken from the Physical
Fitness Courses as used by the U.S. Naval V-12 Program (St.
~~ryls College and Cornell University), and California Physical
Fitness ~ests a s used mn High Schools and Colleges of the
state of CalifOrnia, and are modified and put into sequences
fitting for use in large base Physical Fitness Tests and
Physical Training .

Ro

Chief Judo Instructor

fi~litary Training Department
Camp Parks, California
•if
I
 PREFACE
You will find no "secrets" nor mysterious practices in this
manual, for the simple reason that there are none in Judo.
Judo is definitely a proven art and science, and requires
nothing more than props r practice. This manual will show you
and teach you what you, yourself, want to learn and teach when
applying Judo as a Military Art and using the principles in
Defense or Attack.
I should like to bring to your mind that the throws, tricks,
and breaks contained in this manual do not in the least coo-
prise all of the methods of Judo as applied to Self Defense,
but if' you will give particular care, study, and practice to
Falls, Rolls, Throws, and VulNerable Spots. you will find
that you and your students will be able to devise any numbs r
of attacKS and defenses. EVery throw, trick and brea~ is done
in as many ways as there are instructors instructing it.
In order that you may use this manual with full confidence,
it is in order to say something of other so-called Judo manuals
and in what way this is different.
The fault with most manuals purporting to teach Judo - as a
military art is either too much text poorly explained and
illustrated or no fundamental principles obtained from real
Judo. Some manuals deal painstakingly with every major trick
of self-defense and Simple attack, yet entirely neglect such
important phases as falling, rolls, and give no hint ever to
the basic principles and tecr~iques of throwing and exercises
necessary to develop one physically and mentally so as to be
able to practice the methods properly. Another contains a
great variety of tricks and breaks requiring too much ground
or mat fight i ng, most of them too complicated for the average
student of Jud o.
At present many methods of hand-to-hand combat are being taught
and urged upon men of the armed forces. One recent pamphlet
makes the claim that its method is far superior to JudO, but
at its best it offers little but poorly executed Jujitsu.
Recent official and unofficial manuals used by the armed forces
contain excellent triCks, but omit the very importadC full body
holds and fail to mention counter attacks against knife and
revolver defenses.
The trouble seems to be that "systems" and methods of "modified"
Jujitsu are being gilded for the unwary. The average student
never really receives the opportunity to study the true wa~s of
Judo, and what he does study and practice under the vast num-
ber of "modified" methods leaves him disgus ted because he never
really learns a single throw, trick, or break in the proper
manner.
With this background of books on Judo I realized that the only
book of value would be the one that presented ALL phases of
the art in logical sequence, clearly illustrated so that the
student might know every step what he was doing and why he was
doing it. What I am stressing is that one cannot learn Judo
by just cramming a few dozen tricks up your sleeve; you must
understand the basic principles and fundamentals upon which
the whole art is based.
For better unders t anding of this manual I should like to point
out that the teach ing of Judo regardless of whether it is the
Sport. Military Art, or the Cultured Art falls into two parts;
the first is called KATA. by the Japanese. and means form-
practice. The : second is RANDORI and means free - playing. Think
of form-pra ctice as the mechanics of Judo; the proper -way and
manner of stepping in for a particular throw or trick, the
timing of steps to execute a throw, the proper form necessary
to turn around in a certain defense. And now think of free-
playing as the technique of JUdo; how -to perform your throws
and tricks against an opponent who is trying to perform against
you.
In this manual I have attempted to insure that you master the
mechan i cs of Judo necessary for you to have a good working know-
lege - to apply Judo in its proper way to self defense - but
technique - unfortura tely or fortunately - can be learned only
through free-playing under the supervision of an expert instruc-
tor. EVerything practiced exactly as described for Judo can be
dangerous i f uncontrolled. Constant practice' is the only way
you can progress; emphasize form, balance, timing. constant
thorough movements and speed as you progress.
I have used the best English terms I know, as the Japanese names
for these forms would confuse one who does not know the full
meaning of the phrases or words.
£ne must bear in mind that in teaclrlng or practicing Judo as a
ilitary Art, much emphasis must be placed on completing all
throws, attacks, and moves of defense; that you should be on
your feet in perfect control of your opponent and refrain from
as mu ch mat or ground wrestling as possible. One on his feet
in control has perfect defense and can attack ; one on the ground
may be attacked by others and is at disadvantage.

C' ~r • RE, C , •
Serial No. 143-61-64. ,
 INIlEOC
- -
PART 1 •

.!l!TRODOCTION - Scope - PU!Jlose of Training-Background of

Course - Essential Steps in Training - Methods of Training Pag e 1.
PART 11.

EXERCISE1.QR PCSTURE AN.lL=J5N:.:.:DO=.=RA=N..;oGE=.' t'age 5 .

pART 11~.

FALL~ AND ROLLS - Side Rolls - Setting Fall Back - Fall

Back frolll Squatting Position - Standing Fall Back - !"orward
Roll t:ltanding - Forward Roll , alking and Running - Forward
Over Obstacles lialking and Running - Falling Forward
Walking and Running J:'age 10 .
pART ~V.

FUND. ENTAL TdROI'U3 - Introduction -1- Hip Throw with Arm

Under Op ponent· S'Arm and Around Back -2- B ip Throw Grasp-
ing One Arm of Opponent -3- Leg Sweep with One Arm Under
Opponent's Arm around Rack -4- Leg t:lweep Grasping Both of
Opponent ' s A,rms Page 12 .
PART V.

J OINT DISLOCATION::. D .t'REt:lSO RE POINTS -1- P arts of Body

to U"e in Delivering BloWs -2- Joints of the up ponent's
Body Most .l!iasily JJisl ocated -3- Vulnerable Areas of the
Opponent's Body for the ~ffective uelivery of Disabling
or Killing Blows -4- Chart ShOWing Vulnerable ::,pots for
KnOCKout Blows Page 15.
P.ART VI.
FRONtAL ATTACKS -1- Rushing and Leg Dive _2_ Blow of
Boxer -3- Front tihoke -4- Kick in Groin f'age 19.

PART 'Ill.

BOD): LOCK uEFENSJ!:l:l -1- Front Body Lock -2- Front Wa ist
Lock -3- Reverse Head Lock -4- Front Body Lock with Arms
Pinioned - 5- Wrist Locks -6- Rear }:lody LOCl< with Arms
Pinioned -7- Rear waist Lock -8- Head Lock -9- vhoke
from Rear -10- Jumping on Back with Choke and Scissors Page 21.
 PARl' Vlu.
METHODS OF STRANGLES AND DEFENSE AGAIN ~ T STRANGLES -1-
Cross Arm Strangle or l:>oiSsOr on Jaoket, LapelS"or: Cloth-
ing _2_ ;:,traight Arm Strangle -3- Bare Hand Choke (Rear)
-1- Arm Choke Dislooating Neck -2- Cross Arm Choke Using
Clothing -3- Arm Over Shoulder a nd JoIoross Breast -4-
Ch oke Using.; aoket with naIf Nels on tlppli ed -5- Throat
and Chin vhoke l:' age 25.

PART lX.
DEFENSE AGAINST KNIVES -1- Inside B1oo~ -2- Outside
B1oCk-3- Straight Thrust from Wai st -4- l"oI'l'lard and
Upward 1'b.rust. .J:'age 30 •
.t' AB,T .x.. •

.Qgl!:No .l!:~A1 N l:> 'l' ~UNET§.

-1- Parrying Right with Pivot
on Right Foot _2_ Parry Right with Left Pivot -3- Parry
Left -4- Parry Left Going into Uhoke -5- .t'arrylng ci1ash
-6- rarry l..ying on .!Jeck. l"age 32 •
•
r AR'J.' .l\..l.

DE.ti'.l!:N~E AGAINST PISTOLS -1- Pistol Held in Abdomen -2-

Pistol Held at Opponent's Hip -3- ristol Held in Baok
-4- .t'istol Held at Right Tempe -5- .t'isto1 Held at Left
Temple -6- Pistol Held at Right Temple -7- Pistollield
at Right Temple - (Another Method) Page 34.

PART Xll.

L~AD1 NG AND ~CHING ~RISO Nl!:R[ -1- Tying with Uord

::2_ 'i'ying with Rope -3- Leading Group with Cord -4-
Lea.ding with Bayonet -5- Lea ding with Come Along Hold
on Upper Lip -6- Leading with and Getting Arm .l..>ook
-'7- ;:,earching :t'rlsoners l:'age m.
r ART Xlll.
JUDO AS A SPQBI - Contest Rules P-age 39.

:
 JUDO COURSB - CAMP PARKS, CALIFORNIA
PART I.
(One Hour)
1. UND.1!R DIRECTION: Military Training
2. FOR BATTALIONS: personne 1 as ASSigned. (Se lected)
3. LENGTH OF COURSE: .As directed
4. DEPARTMENT: Judo Instruction
5. PURPOSE: Develop Instructors
1. SCOPE: This course is for teaclrlng methods as
applied in seli'-protection to the Seabees. i f through any cir-
cumstance, they are unarmed, unable to use their weapons, or
must attack without weapons.
2. PURPOSE OF TRAINING: The object of this training
is to develop INSTRUCTORS IN THE ART OF UNARMED SELF-DEFENSE,
and methods of attack so they can ,instruct Seabees to improve
their skill in the use of their basic weapons through speed re-
flexes. Confidence in their own ability unarmed, like confidenc&
in their weapons makes them superior and develops the trainees
to be mentally alert and physically fit.
3. BACEGROUND OF COURSE: The original name of the
method of this course has been lost in antiquity, originating in
China by Chinese Monks approximately in the 12th Century and
called "Jiu-Jitisu". The monastic rules forbade the Monks to use
weapons. but as they were constantly being attac)red by robber
bands, they devised this weaponless defense, utili~1ng only the
skill of their hands, bodIes, and the quickness of their minds.
This art has deteriorated for the lack of being based on any
specific principles.
Late in the 12th Century, the Japanese adopted this
art and characteristically they copied so well that many think
they were the originators of "Jiu-Jitisu". The systems taught
were many and varied; being taught only to the samurai, Noblemen,
and Military Groups.
Professor Jigoro Kano, one who came from the common
people, and a graduate of Oxford University of England, made a
study of the various methods of "Jiu.Jitisu", as taught in Japan.
He noted that there were no exacting principles taught, teaching
varying as to the desire~ of each instructor. In the year 1882,
Professor Kano established the Kllldokwan, "a school fer studying
the way"··"Gentle Art". This method was founded on specific
princ1ples and fundamentals. TO develop one through phys1cal
educat10n, mentally and physically to tba highest po1nt or eff1-
ciency.
JUDO 1s divided into three sect10ns:
<a) A form of physical education and sport.
(b) When principles are used in attack or defense it
becomes a Military Art.
(c) In further study, anatomy, physiology, etc., it
becomes Cultured Art.
Applying these teach1ngs and knowledge of JUDO as
used in UNARMED D~SE, the American Armed Forces w111 be well
equipped to meet any s1tuat1on they are confronted with 1n any
theatre of war.
4. ESSENTIAL STEPS n~ TRAINING: There are four dis-
tinct steps 1n a training process, each particularly designed to ac-
complish a purpose, and each essential to the process if the success
of the effort is to be assured. The first step is PREPARATION.
It is the action ta~n to focus attention of the exact subjeet to
be taught -- the stimulation of in-t erest in a particular matter
eoncern1ng which some information is later to be 1mparted. Inas-
much as all of our progress is neeessarily made from some position
which we have already attained, it is necessary at this stage for
the INSTRUCTOR to find a common ground which his students share,
with respeet to the subject. A device most useful in accomplish-
ing this purpose, is a question concerning the experience of the
student in areas related to the subject. Such questions should be
used freely so -as to formulate for the INSTRUCTOR, a reasonably
clear idea of the point from which the least-advaneed student is
required to proeeed. An instructor may lead his students by
que_tions, at the same time assuring attentiveness and interest
to the threshhold of the net knowledge he seeks to impart. This
procedure is difficult for the INSTRUCTOR and requires time to
accomplish. The additional difficulty is justified by the greater
effectiveness of the effort and the additional time by avoiding
the necessity of repetitions of the whole process.
The second step in training is PRESE1ryATION. This
consists of a positive. exact statement of the knowledge to be
conveyed. The important consideration, in this step is that the
teacb ing process has been so organized that, at this step, there
is only one significant item of knowledge to be imparted to the
student. The presentation of a eomplicated group of facts, some
of which may be only distantly related to the significant fact,
will tend to confuse and will contribute little towards increasing
the knowledge of the student.
The third step in training is APPLICATION. At this
stage, it is essential to allow the student. who has recently ac-
quired new knowledge, to utilize that knowledge in a practical way.

-2-
•

This tends to confirm the possession of it or to reveal to tbe

I h::'TRlJCTOR deficiencies th at l!il,ty have occurred in the previous
steps. In many areas of instruct ion, t his step covers primarily
the abili ty of the student to make mechanical u"e of the knowledge
obtained - to give the ri ght answer to the questi on, or to mani-
pulate an instrument in a correct way. Thi sis not suffi cient to
assure a complete, effective training job.
This must be supported by a fourth step, whi ch is
TESTING. The testing step consists of a review, through the devioe
of questions directed towards the reasons that support the oon-
"lusions or the methods that have been presented to the student.
In order to useef.fectively thil:l process of teaching, it is necessary
th~t the INSTRUCTOR plan his course of instruction in advance,
s.e.leoting the subject, or tile several subjects which will be im-
parted to the students so that each will be conveyed through the
four steps Which constitute the training method.
It will be readily a ppreciated that such training
efforts must proceed a'ccording to a plan based upon a careful
analysis of the subject matter. What its the object of the total
effort? What fundamental knowledge must t he student acquire to be
able to accompany the INSTRUCTOR with understanding through the
process? How can these knowledges be associated so that each
supports the other as the instruction progresses? These questions
must be answered to determine the content and order of presentation.
It must also be borne in mind that the analysi s must identify and
&xclude matter that may be related in interest but does not con-
tribute to the immediate objective. For example, instruction in
the operation of a machine gun will not be expedited by a discu ss-
ion of exp losiv es in general although explosives are essentially
inVOlved.
5. METHODS OF TRAINING:
car Regulation phYSical training formations may be
used for practice. From the extended formation of two, or four
columns, have the first and second columns face each other, and the
third and fourth columns face each other. Each man will then have
a partner wi th whom to practice. Special note should be taken that
the even numbered men DO NOT UNCOV.6R. The above formati on applies
to a unit the size of a platoon or larger. Any unit smaller than
a' platoon should be formed in column of two and then have the
oolumns face each other. It is recommended that wh en working ,
twice the normal distance be taken.
(b) The I NSTRUCTOR will explain the exercitse or method
of atta,ck or defense on a competent assistant, executing the move-
ment rapidly to show its effectiveness. The exercise or method
s,hould then be executed again, as near Slow motion as possible with
an explanation of each move. The attaCking s~uads and the opposing
defending s quads are then designated. At a g iven Signal, move to
the attack and the defenders attack and the defenders attempt to

- 3 -
Wor~ the proper methods of attack or defense while the INSTRUCTORS
make correctionb.
Emphasis should be made on precision first. Speed
can be developed later. All moves should be mastered on either
side (right or left). When defending or attacking Squad as desig-
nated by INSTRUCTOR have mastered the method, the situation is
reversed, and practice continues until eaCh squad accomplishes the
method being taught. Progress to a new method is made only when
trainees have demonstrated a working knowledge of the method being
taught. Encourage the trainees to practice in their spare time,
emphaSizing that proficiency in UNARilED D15FENSE is predicated on
repetition until all movements become almost instinctive.
Another point that should be emphasized is the desir-
ability of enminating the stigm a of the American so-called "Foul
Tactics" which are usually ascribe:e. to unarmed defense.
It is well to point out that an individual who attacks
with a club, knife, rifle, or any other weapon is not subscribing
to any recognized rules of combat. You are on your own. No
measure of defense is too e~treme when your life is in danger.
This course might be the means of saving you and your trainees'
lives.

- 4 -
 ----- --- •

ZJGRCISSS FOR POSTURS AND :::::Dl1"J'C,o;

PLFtT n.
(triO und one -llalf hours )

3XERCISZ 1:0 . 1. lf1ris t 3xarcise - 10 - 20 times

a . Positior - standing at a ttentioil rrlth arms -ut-
streched - ho rizontal . Clencb .L'ist .
Count 1 - Bend ilrist dovm
" Count 2 - B~ nd r.'rist up
.Jl-S' O i7 and Fa.st Count
b . Position - same as in a . - except turn a,:-ms uptro..rd .
Count 1 - Bend TIrist up
Count 2 - 3end wrl s t dOMl
-"Sl0>1 end 7ast Count
c:•. Po 51 ti on - satle as in ~. - clench fis t m d open
strechi116 .rinsers .
Count 1 - open i'i st 5 l re tch1ng ":inger s •
Count 2 - Clench iist ..
, ..810\1 and Fast Co=t
.
~:-Note - Give First Series of Counts SIan li'ollo1Vled by Brisk Past
Count .
EXERC ISE KO , 2 - neep Breeth1ns - 8 times •
.r..rms raise from a.ttenti on to cross E:6.c11 other in fro Lt of"
body , oS..l1ci. up over head , back i n cir cular motio n , and d07ffi. to sides .
Rise slightly on toes as al~ms go u9 and i1Jl'l..ale . .:.xhale at postion
of ::.ttention.
Count 1 - Arms cross ~a c h oth~r in L~ ont . start up -
s tart inh.e.ling th!'ough 110sa
Count 2 - Rands abOVe head - eyes up - i nhal e
Count 3 - BringinG hands doun slowly c:.nd bt.ckward - inhale
Count 4- - ExhalinG through mouth - end i n position of
e..ttention .
EmRCIS.L!I r~o . 3. JUmping Jack - 20 t i ne s inc!'ec::.se to l10 times .

JUmp frot:!l pesition of attention \'lith l egs to &nd astride

~ osition ,sioul taneously , the arms are raisad oVclrhead &~d hands
ar'e clapped . Bring ,hends abruptly to side s 6..''.1:. f..;.et into po siti ::m
of e ttsntion . Head up _

- 5 -
 count 1 - The ~rms go up ~d le~s sstride .
COilllt 2 - Re turn~ to position of attention .
E"".lERClSE EO . 4 . Windmill - 40 times , increase to 80 times"
Position :. Feet approxima t e l y l,~ inches apart , arms extend-
ef', sideTTELYs, holding arms in posi t ien trll~ougheut, exercise .. Rot.ate
arms in circle .. Revel'se rotation .
eDuct ~ to 10 - one count co~plete, 1 complete circle .
Zxer cise 1:0 . 5 w Deep Knee Band - 20 times , illcrease to 40 times •.
Position : Hands on hips , feet approximately 12 inches
c.part .zxtend arms uQTIard to 11.111est; e xtend , sQuatting to full
Sittinb positioc , bending knees . Beck to origD1al pos ition ~
count 1 - sxtend E.1'ms , s1 t •
Count 2 - Up to o riGinal po sition.
2XI;RcrSE KO. 6 . Leg eAtention - 20 times to _acb. side J i ncrease to
30 •

Position :: Hands on :Pi DS step fullest extent f orwal'd , tcuch

illg cv..e st on lmeB , t ouchi...l1g f'loop wi t h both hands , holdinG head up J
eye s dire ctly for ward .
Co~t. 1 - step f'ol'TIard , holding body e rec t .
Count 2 - Bend at weist , t o uchin~ chest. tin knee , tou.ching
1'1001' with both hands .
Count 3 - Up t o erect position from ,aist up , r e turning
hands to h.i PS •
Count 4 - Return to stand ing position .
E,'CI':RCrS;; j,;O . 7 . Explosive pernell - Deep Breathing - 6 t.o 10 times

Position: Hands both extended directl y f'o rvJard , clencl%d ,

draw hands back touching sides or chest , inhale . 1nurst hands fust
fOr'ilard , emue .
Count l - DraH bz.nd s buck , iDh&le .
Count 2 ~hrust hends f·::;r ..'[ard i'c,.st , e:::h,,-le •

E:C ..R.CTS3 11(' :~ (a) TrUl"..k T';;is t er - 30 times to 8aCn side .

Po sition : Arms out to eae~ side , at shov~der heigllt , t hen dip

t ..o right rule:!. to
leSt . .:;yes l :>o.r:ing to hand that i s ectended u pirn:rd .
Hee ls together .

- 6 -
 Count 1 - Di b right ~ dowu'to side , palm to l=~ bel ow
lmee 1 l~ft crm r&ises oV.;;l'hec.d , pl.!.bl out .
Count 2 - Sf!!)e .:!c~... ion to opposite s id~ J att kirg see- safl
::O'T3 : - suck up stome.ch and .keep arms alr/uYs stir.:. . ~7es up .

:>x2RCIS:: rl) . 8 (b) . - TViister - 2;) tines to ~&ch side .

Position : .Feet 12 inciles epart , .... tt;:Ld ro~~ side."-;7B.]5 f"r.=m
the "cody at shoulder level , drop the ri:ht bnnd 10 inc::'es e>d re.ise
thlW le_'t hand 10 inches . .;."\otate \"'an3s in circle 24-" . HaVe ar--B
r-e~ in ir. direct line .. Rotate a.t 't',tist such up st--mach and l ock
l
hips .
count l - 2 React ri..)1t hand b,;.h:t.nd r.nd to:m , le1't hand
s1l'ings fo~ard an d up I ke$r:.nc; s~iiT il'!- a.rI!IS
and 5ho~ers .. :i.oteting at count i..n i'o!'\78.rd
motion •
.•6verse - In "ex. c.n:re.rd oot1on .
3XZRCISZ r.~ . 9 . - Chest po~dL~g - 6 times .
Posti on : attention .. =ands up side o~ chest , e:bods baCk •
.read B:..ck .
Count 1 - Inhale througp noso .
Count 2 ... Pound chest J sayin.... "Hall as e m13ling
3XERcrsz J:D . 10 . - Pusl'>.ups - 1:1 time s ir.c!·eas~ to 30 Bl d 50 time s .
Position : Prone upon de c~ , bLnds on deck &~ l'udth or
should~l· S . :lead up looking fOr\7ard - reet together . "old beck
struight , throu~~out exercise .
NOT:8 : Come from starting position to positi on of' exercise
in .follow ing count .
COtUlt 1 - Bend knees , uttin~ hands on ,-ecle .
COtUlt 2 - Push fvet bacl: , I'e sting on toes , on deck . .2ead
up .
Count 1 - Bend a l bovrs till chest tOt:ches deck . _read up .
Back straight .
Count 2 - Fus~ up t i l l arms are straight . Head up . Back
straight .
EXSRCI~ LO . 11 . GrOlIDo. Ruun; ne; - 10 - 2,... time 5 •

a . Fosi tion - Eands on deck LS in p'l<shups J ~ight ~::nee thrllst

for7fard - alternate right al d left . :!ea.d up .

- 7 -
 Count 1 - Thruat right :E g back b rmgmg M't knee
forward.
Caunt 2 - Thrust left leg back br;ngil'-g right knee
forl'lard .
b . Position - Hands on deck as m push- ups brlllg~~ both
knees forv1ard .
Count l - Thrust both legs backWard as far as possible .
Count 2 - Brin b botb legs forl1a.rd in first position..
EXERCISE NO •. 12 Leg thrust lylilg - Uhtil tired .
Eosition : Lymg on back, hands locked behi~d head , head
up . DraYl left knee tmvards chest . Foint toas •.
.
Cuunt 1 - Thrust left le gout drar,mg right knee tooards
chest . Point toes .
COlult - Continues e'
EXERCISE NO . 1 3 Set aps - 10- 20 times .
Position - Lylilg on back£lat on deck arms outstretched
above head . ,
Count - UP - Come to sitting position touchmg toes with
hands leavmg feet on deck •.
Count - L, 2 , 3 , 4 , Return to lying pos ition on deck , to
count .
EXERCISE NO . l~ Leg 'U's - 1 0- 20 times .
Position: Same as m Situps .
Count - UP - Brlilg legs up and place feet ill hsnds above
head .
Count - 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , Return to lying pC5 ition on deck - to
count .
EXERCISE NO •. 15 Bicycle - to count .
Position : On back , hands under hips , use knees as ridmg
bicycle . On upward motion p omt toes and stretch to fullest ex-
tent .

Count ]"'2 llrmg down lei't knee alternatmg with l'ight

knee as COUll t continues . VaJ.~ying sjJeed of
count •
EXERCISE NO •. 1 6 Spread - legs - 10 times to each side .

POSition: Legs 40 inches apart , hands on knees , bend

right knee alternate by bendmg left knee •.
- 8 -
 Oount 1 - Thrust weight on left foot.
Count 2 - Thrust "eight on right foot .
NOTE: At finish retain position and squat up and down, drreatly
rn-center, stretch down as far as possible.
EXERCISE NO.!-ll Running in place 2 to 4 minutes.
Po. i tion: Get on toes and lift knees high. Keep toes
pOinted, head up . Open and olose fists .
Count 1 - Left leg up .
Count 2~ - Righ t leg up.
NOTE : ElboVis olose to body and arms move in unison. Co-ordinating
wi th legs.

- 9 -
 FALLS AND ROLLS
PARr 111
(F our Hours)
1. FALLS:
a. SIDE ROLLS
Posi U on on deck, flat of back. Arm. folded upon chest-
legs extended and relaxed. Raiae head looking towards middle of
body. Roll to right side, raiaing legs, bending left knee. Strik-
ing hand, palm down, and foot of bent knee at same time on mat.
Arm and hand to be at a 45 degree angle "i th body. Alternate to
left side. Arm not slap p ing mat to be held clOBe to body. Repeat.
NOTE: Position on mat. Position of arms and hands. Head, It:Jgs,
and feet to repeat in rhythm.

b. SI'l'l'ING FALL BACK -

Posi tien: Sitt ing on mat" both knees bent, arms helding
knees loosely. Fall back pulling head forward looking at middle of
body. SlapPing mat with op en hands, palms down at time of shoul-
der blade coming in contact with mat. Arms at 45 degree angle with
body. Sit up. Repeat.

NOTE; E.o si ti ons for fall baak" Head, arms and hands.
c. FALL BAOK FROM SQUATTING POSITION -
Position: On feet in deep knee position. Arms folded
lo osely on knees. Head forward, looking at middle of body. Fall
baak, slapping mat with both hands, arms relaxed, palms down,
u.p0n oontaot of shoulder blades wi th mat. Stand up and repea~.
Keep HEAD FO!ll'lARD.
NOTE: Po~it1on of deep knee bend. Head, arma, hands, and legs.
d. STANmNG SIDE FALL -
Position: Standing, extend right leg forward, bend left
knee slightly. Fall back on riRht Side, hold head forward looking
at middle Of body. Slap mat wiln right arm and hand palm down at
45 degree angle with body. RELAlCED. Stand up and repeat. Al-
ternate on left side.
NOTE: Position. Standing, Head, Legs, Degree of Extending and
bending of knee. Degree of side on mat. Arms and handa.

- 10 -
2. ROLLS -
a. FORWARD ROLL - STANDING
Position: Standing, feet ap proXimately thirty (30)
inohes apart, knees bent slightly, bending forward at waist, head
tucked, looking at mid-seation of bodY. Drop arms to form aircle.
Roll forward toward right, pUlling right arm under and aaross
body, falling on back of right shoulder, allowing body to roll.
PUll up right root, slapping mat with both right feet and palm
of left hand. KEEP HEAD UP. Relax, Repeat. Alternate right and
left side.

NOTE: Position of knees bent, head forward, arms, start and end
of fall. Feet, Arms, Hands and Shoulders.
b. FOWl ARD ROLL - WALKING AND FlINNING -
Position: Walking and as weight aomes on right foot
(forward) bend knees s11ghtly, bend forward at waist, tuak head,
looking at mid-seotion of body, fall forward allowing right arm
and hand to circle in sweeping motion toward left Side, falling
on baak of right shoulder, allowing body to roll. Pull up right
foot by bending knee, slapping mat with bottom right foot and palm
of left hand, laying on ma.t. KEEP HEAD UP~ Relax. Repeat. Al-
ternate right and left si de.
NOTE: Position at start of fall. Position of aras, head. Body as
contacting mat. Shoulders and arms and hands at end of fall.
o. FORl'lAlUl OVER OBSTACLEll - WALKING AND RUNNING
Position and direction same as (b) and (0) ending by
using force of fall and tucking both feet under at end of fall.
NOTE: Keep head tucked. Slap ping arms and hand at 45 degree
angle only . Relax. Watah and light only on back of shOUlders.
Never elbow or point of shoulders.

-11-
 FUNDAlU:NTAL THROWS
PARI' lV
(S:Dc Hours)
Before an opponent can be thrown there must be move-
ment. Through movement the opponent is led into an UNBALAN C~D
POSITION . Then he is thrown either by some form of leverage or by
stopping or sneeping away some part of his body or limbs.
The prinoiple of movement is diffioult to describe . One
QaD l earn it and understand it hest by exercising . The movements
develo!' a sense of feeling ot position, balanoe and perfeot ion of
a'ott on.
The prinoiples of balanced and unbalanoed position can
best be explained by having one try them on his own body. liave the
student lean forward and raise himself upon his toes. One wilI
notioe how he must step forward wit.h one foot. to obtain balanoe.
I~ his opponent was to induce ODe or foroe ODe into a leaning posi-
tion fOM/ard, one will find himself off balanoe and easy to throw .
The point to remember rn hip throwing is that one does
not perfom the throw w1 tb. hiB OWD aIm-pOWer, but he must use his
leg power to lift his opponent off the mat .
The following methods and exeroises are described by move-
ments and movement and effioienoy are obtained .
1. HIP ffiROW WITH ARII UNDER OPPONEN TS ARII AND AROUND BACK -
a. Stand ereot faoing opponent approximately one foot
d1stant.
b. With your left nand grasp opponent's sleeve on outside
of right elbow . Opponent plaoes left hand on thrower's
right shauJ.der.
o. E1Bae left foot direotly in front of and touohing
opponent's left foot. Slip right arm under opponent ' s
left arm placing hand on his left moulder thus form-
illlg a hook.
d. Pivot with bent knees on ball of left foot , (one half
turn to left) placing right foot inside of opponent'.
right foot bringing hip. directly in front of his.
While pi voHng p-end f.~ard at hips a nd upull right
arm aoroS"s oX ir1iJ;.ower l s body foroing opponent off
balance. ~~ ~ . -'
e . '!he fina l.: liIii" -- --= on opponent's right ann and
a fOM/a" tfi~ Q.~ --::·ight shoulder "ith a qUiak
straigh1e~ _' . Release the hook on his
l~ft sh6il'1.~ ~ '"
h,s righi _ .
-:'lJ. e~s your body, but hold on to
reot hi s fall .
-,

2. IiIP THROW <mASPING OPPONENT'S AlliS -

B. Grasp opponent's sleeves between waist and elbow.
(His left with your right and his right with your
left.)
b. Swing his left arm out and up as you step in with
left foot.
c. As you pivot (as in 1) bring opponent's left arm
aoross your right Shoulder ~ith your elbow under
his arm, his right arm is pulled aoross the front
of your body. Knees should be bent enough to
allow your right am to remain straight.
d. In throwing, push hard "ith right arm and pull his
right arm towards your left knee as you straighten
your legs.
3. HIP THROW GRASPING ONE Aa.! OF OEPONENT
Opponent raises right arm as in striking with olub .
a . As opponent raises hi s arm step in wi th left foot
(as in 1). Block his right arm with your left aTlll.
b. Pivo t as in (a) swinging your right arm under
opponent 's right arm grasping his sleeve near top
of shoulder. Grasp the lower part of his arm 111th
your left hand pulling his right arm aoross your
body forward at the hips.
o. In throwing pull hard on opponent's right shoulder
and arm as you straigh.t en your legs.
NOTE: Practice above movements until they beoome one
oontinuous aotion. rnoreas6 speed as perfecting of
motion and efficiency of position is obtained.
1. LEG SWEEP - (REAR) - with arm under opponent's arm and around
back.

a. Stand erect faoing op ponent so left foot is approxi-

mately six inches in front of opponent's left foot.
h. Qrasp opponent1s right sleeve in front near elbow
wi th your left hand.
o. Put right arm under opponent's left arm pit p1aoing
hand aoross back. With right foot step aoross front
of opponent p1aoing it as a b100k on outside of
opponent's right foot. Pivot on ball of left foot and
at same time pull and drive opponent off balanoe,
t"istlng him around right leg and thigh raising his
left f oot c~ear of floor.
d. To throll: Continue t wisting motion. (Holding oppon-
ent's body and arm olose to your body) as you shift
your weight to your left foot. Sweep your right

- 13 -
 leg to rear. Thus s"eeping opponent's right leg
olear of floor. Retain your hold on opponent's
right arm.
2. LEG SWEEP - (REAR) - grasping both of opponent's arms -
a. Grasp opponent l s sleeves at front of elbow. (His
left "ith your right and his right with your left.)
b. As you step aoross for the foot blook and pivot
RU11 and push opponent's left arm above his head
and then down across your chest as yom! pull hiB
righ t arm across your "ai st. This puts your
opponent in position for the sweep of your right leg
to throw him.
NOTE: Practice above movements until they beoome one
oontinuous motion. Inorease speed as perfeotion
of motJ on and effioiency of posi tion is obtained.

- 14-
 oTOINT DISLOCATI ONS AND P RESSURE POINTS
(Lecture)
PARr V
(One dour)

1. ../l1~rS 0,' lUUR BODl TO USJ!l Il'! llI!.LIVMU;'G 1!:l<1!'ll()"1'IV", J:!LC 5

1. The heel of the hand.

2.• 5i de of the hand with the hand slightly flexed to
stiffen the muscle ••
3. The forearm used on a sweeping blow.
4. The elbow used 1n a slashing bloW.
5. 'lb.e knee to a maD's groin or testicles.
6. The foot for delivering a kick. The knee should al-
way6 be bent so that the force of the blow is
stepped up by the extension of the leg.
7. l'he heel of the foot in stamping dO"n on an opponent
flat on the deck.
2. JOINTS OF mE OPPONENT'S BODY )lOST EASILY DISLOCATED

1. The fingers by exerting pressure backwa rd against

the hinge j01nts.
2. The wrist by exerting pressure fOI"ard against the
weakness of the joint.
3. The elbow by exerting pressure backward agailUlt the
hinge joint w1th the sm in t h e extended posi tion.
4. The Shoulder by exerting pressure backward and up-
ward on the forearm.
5. The neck by placing one hand on jaR and one hand on
the side of the hea d and giving a ~uick twist in
either di recti on.
6. The knee probably the most vulnerable of all the
joints by lateral pressure in either direction with
the leg straight, or by a wedge bet"een the thigh
and foreleg and exerting pressure ba~ard against
the foot or shin.
7. The ankle by standing on the foot and pushing the
opponent 15 body baokward.
3. V1JL1iERABLE AREAS OF '!HE OPPONENT'S BODY !'OR '!h£ g,,-l!; CTI\I.o;
WLlv tlRy 0,,- lJIS/UlJ...H.G UR lULLI IG BLOWS. (See chart of Vul-
nerable spots for knookout blows.)
1. '!he bri dge of the nose by a slash .. i th the side of
the hand. 1:h1 s blow Dan break the bony structure
aausing unconsoiousness, and even death. 1n any
event it oreates great pain and aauses the tears to
floW freely by compressing the tear ducts.
i. '! he tip of the nose. ThiS blo" is best given by the
heel of the hand or the side or the hand. The soft

15 -
 tissues and oartilage of the noDe are torn causing
great pain and a floW of tears.
5. ~e crease of the jaw between the lower lip and tip
of the jaw. A slash blow with the side of the hand
aauses great pain and will loosen the front teeth .
4. ~e point of the jaw. On this spot a fast blow with
the side of the hand causes unoonsoiousness by shoak
t o the nerves and the f oroe being transmitted to the
brain.
5. ~e point just above the breastbone where the collar
bones attach. $arp pressure with any finger or the
thumb shuts off the opponent ' s air.
6. The collar bones - a slashw-i th the s1 de of the hand
can break a Dollar bone causing pain and inactioD of
the corresponding arm.
7 f Just below the breastbone "bere the lower ribs
at.tach. A slash with the si de of the hand will cause
paralysis of the diaphragm and shook to the heart.
8. A spot just slightl y under the last rib on the right
side about six inahes from the medial line of the
body. A slash blow here will cause internal injuries
to the liver and paralysis to the diaphragm.
9. ~e same area only on the left side . A slash blow
causes shook to the heart , injuries to the panoreas
and paralysis of the diaphragm.
10. The solar plexus. A oomplex orossing of nerves. A
slash with the si de of the hand oauses great pain
creating temporary paralysis of the diaphragm, loas
of breathing and internal injuries to the abdol!linal.
organs _
11. ~e groin on either side or the testicles. An up-
ward stroke iii th the knee, causes great pain oreating
temporary paralysis of the lower limbs.
12 . The temple. A slash blow With the side of the hand
oan kill by shock to the brain and will always cBuse
uneoDB 01 Duenas s.
13 . ~e notch on the angle of the jaw. A Dl ow with t he
heel of tb.e hand delivered so as to drive th e jaw
Sideways, will dislooate the jaw and caUBe paraly-
SiS of the face.
14. ~e mastoid bone just behind the ear. A slash with
side or the h a nd will. kill by crushing the mastoid
and IIill always cause unconsciousness . ~tomp With
heel of foot and kick with toe of shoe.
15. ~e adams apple. A slash "i th the side or the hand
Will orush tae cartilage and oreate an internal
hemorrhage oausing great pain . aoving the point of
the blo" laterally ..bout three inches in ei ther dir-
ectl on the force is delivered against vital blood
vessels and nerves causing paralyais and unoon-
soiousness.

- 16 -
16. The first vertebrae of the spine just bel.ow the base
of the spine - just bel.ow the base of the ru<ul.l. E
sl.ash blow here by fraoturiI'.g the vertabrae "Ul kill.
or oause unconsoiousness.
17. About three inches below the base or the skull In the
oenter of the cervical spine. A slash here .111
dislooate a vertabrae auasing paralysis, uncon-
soiousness or eVen death.
18. A point where the neok musol.es join the shoul.der
musol.e. and slightly to the rear (see diagram). A
slash blow here Wl11 oause great pain from shock of
the spinal nerves and temporary paralysis to the
corresponding arm.
19. The kidney region. aere the bl.o" oan be delivered
Wi. th the side of the hand, heel of the hand or knee,
resulting in fracture of the ribs, dislocation of
the r1bs on the s.l'ine and internal injUries to the
kidney.
~OTE: A kiok with the toe of the shoe, e stomp with the
heel, a bloW 'fii th the elbow or a blow wi th the knee is
very effeotive in oausing the opponent much pain and it
the blow is given Vl1 th enough !brce. it oan oause unoon-
sciousness or even death when properly executed towards
t n ese VUlnerable spots. One should praotioe the 'lUi ok-
est ways of delivering these blows "hen the opponent
presen~s himself in varioUS positions. MUch emphasis
must be pIa oed on the use of the hand in delivering these
blows as should be observed in the above paragraphs.
 \ ~-t--\l- 7

.-k-1r /..

\ /

The Spot5 illustrated herein are vital a~~ blo~s strikios against
them will knock a man UDC0lI801oU8 or kill him . tt is best to USB
the edge of the h~d slash against tbose s pot s

Hittinp; point

Posi~ion of hand as usod in hand s sh

 FRONTAL ATTACKS

P ARr Vl
(Four Hours)
1. RUSHI NG hND LEG DIVE: (Op ponent rushes at you witn nead down,
arms extended, attempting to knook you
down or g rab you around lags to torow
you)
1. Position ror defense - lean Sl1ght1y forward in a
"ell. balanced posi t1 on - han ds dropping to knees.
2 . Place ou tstretched hands on onrushing opponent.
a. Farry him off balanoe.
5. Opponent dives at yaur legs from close range.
a. Hook ODe arm underne ath opponent's shoUlder.
b. Bring your lags well back out of range.
o. Let your weight over your opponent - take him
to toe deck.
d. Reach other hand over opponent, hooking it
from. opposite side 'to control opponent.
4. Another break for leg dive -
a. Bring hands do" n sherply on back of opponent'.
head.
b. Smasn knee into opponent's faoe.
2. BLew OF B OlCER:

1. Opponent squares off (by aot of stepping baok leav-

ing left foot out in front.)
a. Step in quiokly plaoing yaur left foot aoroes
behind opponent's fo~ard leg.
b. Thrust to opponent's ohest foroing him ofr
balanoe.
o. Kick your left leg baokward against opponent's
leg. ~~eep opponent's leg from under him with
your blooking leg.
2. Opponent draws baok fist and delivers blo" at your
faoe.
a. Shift, rolling with punch.
b. Farry opposite arm.
o. As you fell into olinoh use leg sweep to bring
opponent to the deck.
s. Grasping Dpponen~ts extended arm with your corres-
p onding lland.
a. Turn Sideways to op ponent pUl11ng him off
balanoe.
b. Use leg ."eep to bring him to the deck.
4. Another aethod when g rasping opponent's 8y tended arm
a. Drive heel of other hand upward against oppo-
nent's nose.

- 19-
 b. Use leg ""eep to bring him to the deck.
5. Keeping opponent off balanoe.
a. Grasp clothing at inside of shoulder. (Note -
opponent oannot reach you with fonard fist
when held in thi 5 manner).
b . Do not let boxer set lli s feet .
o. With t lli. oontrol you can take offensive at
Will.
:;. FRONT CHOKE:
1. Opponent grasps you around neck With bare hands
from the front and a tt empts to shut off your wind
forcing you baokwards .
a . Grasp op ponent's elbows.
b. Faroe arms upward (maintain control).
o. Use l eg sWeep or hip thrall ,
2 . Method used to ward off opponent.
a. Apply pressure to base of opponent's th~oat
With finger.
3 . Method used to break loose from opponent.
a. Raise one arm up and through opponent· s arms,
b. Bring arm over and down to opposite side .
c. Pivot body to same side as you make previous
movement.
d. )(alntain oontrol of arm and use leg sweep .
4. IC[CK IN GRODl:

1. Opponent BUacks you by kicking at your groin .

a. Turn to one side exposing corresponding thigh
to kick .
b. As opponent brings foot baak in pla ae aounter
with kiak to his groin (Note - as opponent is
returning his foot into plaoe he is out af
position to defend himself.)
a. Another method of defense.
a. Sidestep and grasp opponent ' s extended leg .
b . Raise up and forae opponent off balanoe.

- 20 -
 BODY LOCK DEFENSES (FRONT AND !lEAR)
PART Vll
(Four Hours)
1. FRONT BODY LOCK - (BEAR HUG)
1. Opponent gral'ps you around "a1st with his chin
buTted on inside of your shoulder.
a. Forae opponent's head baak by grasping his
hair " i th your hands or pulling baak on his
face.
b. Wh en Opp onent 's head is forced back away from
YOUJ drl ve your el bow into his exposed throa t.
o. Drive knee into opponent's groin.
2 . FRON'!: iI 1ST LOCK:
1. Opponent has his arms lo cked around your waist with
h ead down by hi B arms .
a . Reach hand down and di g fingers under oppo-
Dent' 8 j 8wbone.
b. Bring head up and baak .
o. Smash at throat 1'l lth e lbo,,_
2 . When oppOBsnt bUries his head in his armB.
a. Place hand on top of opp onent's head foroing
it downward.
b. Reach oth er hand down around the outside and
in through from in under opponent's enciroling
arm oupping hand on baok of opponent's head.
a. Obtain hold of opponent's other arm with your
othe r hand.
d. Step foot aoross and pl aoe behind opponent1s
OPPO Site foot in posi tion for trip.
e. ['wist opponent's body over trip ping leg.
3. Opponent uses simlliar attaok of No . a
a. Reach right hand in under opponent's body and
grasp clothing on farther side.
b . Obtain hold of opponent' s right arm with your
left hand .
o. Twist body in a qua rter turn toward your left
side.
d. Step aaross wi th your right foot and plaoe in
baak of a nd blo cki ng opponent's right foot .
e. Twist opponent's body over blocking l eg .
3. REVllRSE HEAD LOCK:
1 . Opponent, faci ng you, brings your head down in
under him and lo oks his arms around it.

- 21 -
 a. Reach left hand down and hook i t behind oppo-
nent's left knee to keep him from pulling his
leg back..
b. Reaoh other hand down and g rasp ankle of same
leg .
o. Draw leg upward and to right side of you.
d. Step left leg across placing it behind oppo-
nent'~ right leg - blocking it.
e. Drive opponent over blooking l eg and drop your
knee into his gro in.
2. Another Simple method of defense.
a. Drive fists into (or g rasp) opponent's testi-
cles.

4. FRONT BODY LOCK VII'JR ARMS PINIONED:

1. Opponent wraps his a rms around you looking your
arms to your si des.
a. Place handS against op ponent's hips to form
block.
b. Work opponent's a rms upward over your shoulders.
o. Use throw from t h is posi tiOD.
a. Various other methods of defense.
a. Smash heel down on op ponent's instep.
b. Scrape opponent's shins with side of foot.
o. Grasp and apply pressure to opponent's testi-
oles.
d. Butt opponent in faoe VJ i th your head.
5. WRIS T GRIPS: (NOTE - Proper position of defense is body erect,
feet side by side with elbows in 0 lose to body.)

1. Opp onent grasps your right wrist with his left hand.
a.Turn your wrist inward and at the same time
snap it upward and outward.
2. Opponent grasps your 'Ori st s "i th both of hi shands.
a .Bring wrists together, s nap up and out.
3 . Opponent grasps your right wrist with his opposite
(right) h a nd.
a.Bring fist directly back to shoulder.
4. Opponent grasps your right wrist with both of his
hands.
a.Reach left hand between opponent's forearms
taking hold of your ri ght fist.
b.Bring right arm upward and toward you.
NOTE: The prinoiple of th e se breaks is to a pply lever-
age against the weakest part of opponent's hand which
is hi s thumb.
6. REAR BODY LOCK I'II'lH ARMS PINIONED:

1. Opponent wraps his arms around you looking your ann

at your side.
22 -
 a. Twist body plaoing left behind opponent's
right leg.
b. DTive elbow into opponent's groin .
o. FOToe opponent over blocking leg .
2 . Various other methods of defense .
a. Smash heel down on opponent's instep.
b. Scrape opponent's shins with side of foot.
c . Grasp and apply pressure to opponent's testicles.
7 . REAR WAIST LOCK:

1. Opponent wraps hiS arms around your wai st from b~

hind and under your arms.
a. Bring head and shoulders fornard and squat so
op?onsnt Qannot lift you off deck.
b. Reach down 1n between your legs and grasp
opponent's ankle.
o. Pull upward upsetting op ponent and throw YOU1'-
self back on hi ...
2 . Various other methods of defense.
a. Bend q>ponent' s fIngers back foraing him to
loosen his grip .
b. Twist body and smash elbow into opponent's
race.
c. TWist body and drive fist into opponent 's groin.
8. !:!EnD LOCK:

1. Opponent, fro~ position or alongside of you - wraps

his arms around your head locking it to his side.
a. ReaQh hand aoross front of opponent's body
grasping 1n back of elbow.
b .. Assi st by reaching other hand around to elbow
from behind opponent.
o. Release hand tha t is behind opponent and grasp
wrist of opponent's arm that is a round your head ..
d. Release other hand fro m opponent's elbow and
place behiDQ elbow that ttl a round your head.
e .. Push outward on thi a elbow and pull iIl?lard on
wrist using this l~verage to bring opponent's
arm behind h1s back.
f. Apply armlcok.
8. Another method of defense.
a. Reach one arm up in baok of opponent and aoross
side of opponent's fac e.
b. Wi th other arm lift near leg to take opponent
off balanoe.
o. Bar arm agai nat face.
3 . Two simple defenses.
a. Grasp hold of and apply pressure to testioles.

- 23 -
 b. Grasp hold of fingers and bend back.
9. CHOKE FRol! REAR: •

1. Opponent approaching from the rear reaches one fore-

arm aoross front of the throat olasping hands to-
gether at side of your neck. and ap plying pressure .
a . Reach hands up and grasp opponent's arm - squat
down and make hip throw"
2. When Pulled baokward off balanoe.
a. Reach hands up and relieve Choke by tuoking
ohtn lnsi de opponent's arm.
b. TWist body and plaoe left foot behind oppo-
nent's right leg.
o. Plaoe right hand behind opponent's right elboW
and left hand on Vir! st of same arm.
d. Use lever aation by puehing out on opponent's
elbow and pulling in on oppon9nt l s wrist.
e. Apply arm look.
3. Another method of defense wh en pulled off balanoe.
a. Reach hand up to opponent's arm to relieve
choke and tuck ohin 1nsi de arm.
b . !wist body and plaae left foot behina oppo-
nent's right leg.
c. Drive el bow into opponent I s groin.
1 0 . JUI!P ING ON BACK WI'IH CHOKE AND SCIStiORS:

1. Opponent approaChing from the rear, jumps on your

back wrapping an arm across the front of the throat
and soi ssors his legs around your waist.
a. Reaoh one hand up ~o relieve ohoke .
b. Grasp opponent I s toe with oorresponding hand
pulling i t upward and at the same time bear
down on opponent's knee with elbow of saae
hand.
c. This lever-like aation will cause opponent to
release his hold and fall to the deck.

- 24-
 PART Vlll
(Four hours)
1. CRO,,::. JlRil ::'l'FA"GLJS vR ::.(JD."OR U~ " CA1i'f, LMEL5 OR CLOffiING:

Posi ti on: Standing facing opponent.

a . ObtainIng thiS strangle one grasps the opposite
collar or lapels of opponent, the right hand
going to the right l apel of the opponent. The
left hand going to the left l apel.
b. The hands should be placed so that the backs of
hands and knuokles ~111 be ~gainat the opponent 's
neck. Thumbs pointing up the ti ps of ..hi ah "ill
be just forward and below ear of opponent.
o. The position of the arms being orossed in the
regi on of the wri st.
d. with an outward rolling motion of the fist and a
soissor like motioD of the arms the choke may be
obtained.
DEFENSE: For oross arm choke.
1. A knee quiokly plaoed in groin .
2 . A stomp on instep of the opponent.
3. Scraping the heels down shins of opponent.
NOTE: As opponent releases hold f ollow up wi th
elbow to head or throat or using side of hand on
opponent.
4. Pushing finger into neck of opponent in hollow at
base of throat.
5. Also when an opponent hae you In a choke of this
type you can ps rform a hip throw or leg sweep .
l'H.ll.'~ : In performing the hlp throw you place your
hands on t he elbows of the opponent . Then in one
oontinuous move you raise elbow th at is on the
bottom of t he soissors and with a pivot of the
bodY pla oing the body posi tion directly in fro nt
of the op ponent and get ting the hips wall into
the opponent'. groin. And in the leg sweep you
place hands in same position on elbows and roll
the opponent more around the body. Wtlen the weigh1
is on the leg Whiah 10 looked sweep the leg out.
NOTE: In using these defenses ona should aot
quiokly and not wa it until opp onent has a set
hold and then try to bre ak hold.
2. ~T&, J.Gti '1' ARl.t .. 'RANGLE:

Position: Standing facing opponent.

a. Grasp opponent's oollar with oorresponding hands
fingers down and under outside collar thumbs up .

- 25-
 b. Apply a pincer movement of the arms and a roll
ing movement of the wrist in order to choke.
c. Thi8 choke may also be applied by pr8ssing
thumbs into his side of the adams apple.
OT-,,: l'hi B choke is very hard to apply. It takes
practice to perfect. ~~hen perfeoted it is very
effective and renders opponent unoonsoious in e
few seoonds.
DEFENSE: Against s traight arm strangle.
1. Knee to groin .
2. ~tomp on insteps.
3. ~crape shin bones of opponent with heels.
4. " i nger in base of the throat .
5. Place hands on corresponding arms of opponent
and pull them apart and away from neck.
6. r'ull down and aVlay on corresponding l apels of
the clothing .
7. a. Plaae one hand on opposite elboW of opponent.
rslm being on the i nner and upper side of
elbow.
b. F1aoe other band on oorresponding wrist of
opponent.
a. Turn body and pull hands on arm to body.
8. a. r'laae one hand on app oai te elbow of op ponent.
ralm being OD. the up pe r side of elbow . Keep-
ing arm under corresponding arm .
b. Place other hand on corresponding elbow of
op ponent palm being on lo\~er side of elbow.
o . Turn chin to hold on opponent's hand that you
have hold of.
d. With a rolling motion inward and down the
op ponent will be at a disadvant age in an arm
lock.

rosition: 1his wi ll most likely be used when opponent

is on deck or up against bulkhead facing
opponent.
a. Place one cupped hand across front of opponent's
Wind pipe with palm a gainst t hroat. Thumbs
down.
b . rlace other hand over mouth and ohiD thumbs
down.
c. ~igg ing fir~ers into wind box or wind pipe
wi tho a counter movement of the arms and hands.
The opponent will become uncoDscious .
tlefense: Against bare hand choke.

- 26. -
 1. Pull fingers off chin.
2 . Knee in testi OldS, heel scraping shin.
3. Stomp on instep_
NUl'.!:.: 'ibiS has to be done immediately or the
\'lind pipe may be torn out of neck. Thi 8 1 s very
dangerous choke to ge-t away from.
1. AR!.I G.'-IOKE Df§LOC~TI r,G !>lEu..:

<"osition:. This choke is a pplied from the rear.

a. Take opponent off balanoe by a knee in the baok,
a hand in the back - or a kick in the baok of the
knee of the opponent.
b. Bring foream ac ross front or opponent's throat
grasping oth er hand alongside of opponent' B neok.
c • .pl ace head alongside opp onent- s head burying face
over looked hands.
d. Place shoulder behind opponent's head .
e. PUll in DD choke and push shoulder forward
bringing opponent baokward to deck.
Keep choking arm squared wi tb body of opponent.
~OTJ!l:
If elbow g 06S too far forward over shoulder of oppo-
nent choke will not be so effect! ve.

uefense: .t'er arm Make.

1. Relieve choke with hands. Tuck Dhin into neok.
2. TWist body and pl a oe knee behind knee of oppo-
nent block ing h is log and bring elbow into
vitals.
3. Also wben body is twisted and knee i. looked
come out of Qhoke with arm look. Tb.is is aaDem-
pUshed in the same m2nner as getting out of
head look.

2 . CR9SS ARI CHOKE USING CLOTHING (~C~QQUR litiuAl!1):

r'osi tien: Choke accomp'li shed from the rear.

a. Reach arm and hand over opponent's shoulder.
Grasping opponent's opposite lapel in front and
olose to throat. Back of hands being up .
b . Reach other hand over other shoulder grasping
opposi te l apel, 010 se to throat.
N0Tb : Arms wi ll be crossed in front of opponent's
throa t.
o. With a pUlling and sOiss or-like movement of arms
choke is applied.

uefense: ~o r oross arm choke.

1. NOTE: In t his choke and all other chokes applied
from a rear posi ti on first relieve pre ssure of
choke on throat and tuok ohin into throat.
2 . Reach back grasping hold of Vitals.

- i?l -
 3. Kiok and sorape shin bones with heels.
4. ~tomp on instep with heels .
5. Twist body and place knee behind opponent's knee
bringing elbow into groin.
6. If possible grasp hold of opponentis arm or
sleeve as high as possible making one arm hip
throw.

Eosltion: 'This choke is obtained from the rear.

a . Reaoh arm and hand over opponent ' s shoulder
grasping opponent's opPosite lapel in front and
high. Back of hand being up.
b. Reach other hand through under opponent's arm
pi t to olothes on opposite side of body in front .
o. roll in opposite counter direction to apply ohoke .
Defense: ¥orearm over shoulder and aoross breast ohoke.
1. Relieve pressure .
2. Grasp vitals.
5. ~tomp on instep.
4. Heels scraping shin bones.
5. Grasp arm that i g over shoulder and make one arm
hip th roVJ.
4. CliliAE USING J <JAE T <lI'lli li>lLF-NELSON APr-LIED:

r'osltion: 't his choke is ap plied the same as choke No.

3 and from rear approach.
a. Opponent reaches arm upward to grab head whiah
is tempting .
b. Relieve hold on breast of olothing. Bring hand
upward placing hand back of opponentts choke.
Defense : For ohoke with half nelson.
1. Grab vitals with free hand.
2 . wtomp on instep.
5. tleels skinning shins .
5. THROAT AND CHIN CHOKl!;:

r-ositlon: 'lhis choke is ap plied from rear .

a. Reach one oupped hand over opponent ' s shoUlder
and aoros~ front of neck diggi ng the fingers into
throat alongside of windpipe .
b . At the same time reach other hand over other
shoulder placl.ng oupp ed hand over mouth and chin.
Kee ping thumbs in olose to hands.
o. ~llth oounter, jerk in opposite direotions choke
is ap plied.

- 28-
~fense: Yor throat and chin choke .
1. Reach up and tear fingers loose from chin. '.l.urn
the body a'PJay from hand on the throat .

- 29 -
 m:Fl!:NSE AGAIN"T nlIY]§

,.AR1' 1X
(F our hours)
1. INSIDE BLOCK:
Position : !JOwnward slashing thrust (faoing opponent).
a. AS opponent brings weapon up over shoUlder and
starts slash.
b. Raise oorresponding forearm blocking slash
(thrust) stepping in quickly with oorresponding
foot. Blocking thrust while still high.
o. Bring opposite leg across placing it baak of
opponent- s leg to bloak it.
d. With this move bring opposite leg aoross plaoing
it baok of opponent's leg to block it.
e. Drive opponent over blooking leg With olub like
arm or driVing against opponent1s ohin with heel
of hand. ur thrust against opponent's shoulder
bringing opponent to deck.
f. Secure arm look on weapon arm when opponent
hits the deok.
NOTE : Arm loak oan also be applied without taking
opponent off his feet.
2. OUT~IDE tiLO~K:

rosition: uownward thrust or slash. (racing opponent).

a. As op ponent lunges forward \li t h upraised weapon.
b. Raise oppOSite forearm to bloc.k weapon arm
stepping in quickly With oorresponding foot a~
blocking arm used .
NuT~: Blook arm while weapon is high.
c. Bring other hand under and lle.hind blooked \veap on
arm. Reach through and grasp blocking forearm.
d .. !I'orce op ponent to deok by tripping over fOI'VIard
leg and maintain arm look.
:3 . .;:,'l'RR.lGh T 'Jl:1.RiJti'r l'ROJiJ. WAI ST:
rosition: ¥acing opponent. Opponent using right arm
as weap on arm at waist level.
a. As opponent makes thrust from waist parry aoross
to the right with left hand olasping weapon arm
near waist.
b. ~ iv oting on right foot throw hips into attacker
and maintain arm for elbow dislooation.
c. Attacker can also be taken to the deck and held
helpless by kneeling or standing on elbow when
arm is pl~oed on deok straight out from body.

- :;0 -
 rosi tion: l"aoing op ponent, opponent lunging forward
bringing knife upward and toward midseotion.
a. Thrust stiffened arms outward to oaten thrust
of weapon arm in both hands, hands being olose
together.
b. Snap legs baok plaoing body as far as pos Bible
away from knife.
o. Let hands slide down forearm to wrist and seoure
wrist look by raising hand upward.
d. ~ ull seoured hand forward t h rowing attaoker off
balanoe. ('!'np).

-. - 31 -
 PART X
(Six Hours)
1 . "'ARRYlNG RIGdT WITf! PIVOT ON RIGHT FOOT: •
Eosition: l"acing 0p t-l onsnt thrusting at you.
a. As opponent lunges with bayonet sidestep to left
and parry bayonet to right nith right nand.
b. Grasp IllUzde " i th right hand.
c. holding left hand up for proteotion again~ butt
strde and gras p brea ch.
d. fivot w right foot bringing left foot aoross in
front of opponent and at the same time bring
butt of rifle up bringing rifle aro\l."d to the
front of the body.
e. S~uatting throw hips into opponent at the same
time jerk piece out of opponentls grasp.
2. PARRY RIGHT WITf! LlIFT PIVOT:

Position: Faoing opponent thrusting with bayonet.

a. A. opponent thrust., Sidestep to left parrying
to right wi th right hand.
b . Grasp muzzle with right hand and holding left
hand up for pro taotion froln butt stroke. Grasp
the breacb..
o. ~tep forward and slightly to the left with right
foot.
d . Bringing bayonet end of piece upward and twist-
ing rifle around to front of body. Butt first.
NOTE: Butt will have tendency to go between legs.
Don't let it happen.
NOTE: Be sure not to t~ist rifle 80 as to reverse
position of muzzle and butt.
:3 . PARRY LEFT:

Position: Faoing opponent thrusting at you with bayonet.

a. Sidestep to tight parrying to left ~ith left
hand as thrust is made.
b. G.rasp DUlzzle with left hand pivoting on left foot
and bring right fo od aorOBS path of opponent .
c. A. pivoting bring right hand through under oppo-
nent's fOnlsrd arm gra.sping breach of rifle.
d. Throt'ling hips into front of opponent bring for-
ward arm over shoulder.
e. Wi th a quick snap downward the op ponent's ann
may be broken.
f. With a ~uick straightening of legs the attacker
may be thrown to de ok.
- 32 _
4. PARlY LEFT GOING INTO CEOKE:
Position: Facing attacker thrusting with bayonet •
... As attacker lunges parry to left with left hand
sidestepping to the right.
b. Spring forward past att!loker oatOhing attaoker's
neck with parrying left arm, which is already in
position after parrying bayonet.
o. Take attacker off balanae and a pply forearm
cb.oke.

5 . PARRYING ~LASH:

Position: Facing attacker with bayonet .

a. As aitacker makes s1ash across body step baok
fro", slash unt11 o p~ ortuni ty allo"s you to spring
in as bayonet i~ coming up.
b. Spring in olose to attaoker as bayonet i~ up.
Parry With forearm or upraised muzzle or bayonet.
c . Grasping mu=le and butt with hands.
:1. Pivot on right foot bri ng lrutt up.
e. Throw hips into front of opponent and bring piece
around in front of body bayonet first.
f. ~ickly step ""ay fro", attacker as wrenching
piece from attaoker' s grasp _
6 . PARRY LYING ON DECK:
Position: Lying on deck on your baak. Attacker thrusting
at throat from direction of feet.
a . As attaaker steps in thrusting at throat . Parry
with r ight hand to the right.
b. Lock ona heel arolffid opponent's heel.
o. Drive in opp onentls knee with other foot causing
leg to break.
NOTE: If l eg lo ok is unobtainable the mere parrying
of the thrust pl us the force of the thrust
will aause bayonet to lodge i n the deck or
earth.

- 33 -
 DEFENSE AGAINST PISTOLS

PARr Xl
(Four Hours)
These tIlovements are 8SSum:1ng that the enemy has a pistol in
nis rignt nand witn intent to searan victim. These defense
~oves oan be aoccmplished by opposite moves when pist er is
neld tn l eft nand. NO IIOVEMENTS OF WFENSE SHOULD BE lIADE
UNTIL ATTACXER BmIR:; TO SEAR<E YOU .

1. PISTOL HELD IN ABDOIlEl!: (Victi" has nands up facing oppo-

nent.)
a. Whip left hand down and out 5 0 that it passe~
batloeen vi otim and opponent. Keep tne arm cooked
at as near a rigllt angle as possible. This
al10ws more striking surfaoe. Stride opponent' 5
wrist wi th your forearm near wrist and oontinue
this sweeping motion until opponentts arm is above
his head. Then grasp weapon am lIi tb both your
hands ..
b . As you pivot on ball of rignt foot placing l eft
foot inside and in front of opponent's rignt leg
(use it as a block) pull opponent 's rignt arm
down across your chest. Throll your hipti into
opponent.
o. Push outward on opponent1s arm causing it to come
under your left arQ pit. As you pusn on opponent's
arm (rign t) let your hands slip down until tney
are puShing on hi s hand and have your left arm
pit as close to ni. rignt snou1der as possi ble.
this allows more leverage. Be sure to have the
palm of his weapon hand facing up.
d. Drive your "eignt on nis rigllt shoulder "nile you
pull up on Ilis nand thus causing snarp pain in
opponent's elbow. Follow opponent to the deok if
neoessary to keep the pressure on his right
snoulder. TIle elbo" can be di slooated by tnis
move.
2 . PISTOL BELD AT OPPONENT'S HIP: (Viotim has hands up faoing
opponent.)
a. Whip left arm down and out so that nand passes
between victim and opponent. Strike weapon hand
forcing it down and out.
b. Grasp op ponent's rignt wrist "i th your left hand
a~ you step across with your rignt foot plaoing
it outsi de and benind nis rignt leg forming ~
bloak. Slip your left arm over top of attacker's
rignt arm forming a nook just below his elbow.

-34-
 0 .. Drive your right shoulder and arm into opponent .foro-
ing him over your r i ght leg. Hold his right forearm
seou rely under your left arm pit placing your left
forearm under hi b elbO\? 85 ho goes to the deck. Lower
left shoulder and push up on your 1ert forearm to
seaure am lock. Elbow oan be di slocated.
3. PISTOL HELD I N BACK: (Viatim has hands up with baak to opponent.)
a. Pivot OD ball of right foot bringing left foot around
so you are facing op ponent. As you pivot whip left
arm donn betwsen you and opponent striking his forearm
as olose to nriat as possible. Keep your el.bo,", cooked
a-t as Dear a right angle as p os s1-ble to allow for more
striking surface .
b. Slip your left arm over top of atta~~er's right arm
forming a hook just below his elbow as yrm step aoross
with your right foot plaoing it outside and behind hiB
righ t leg forming a blook.
o . Dri va your right shaul dar and arm into opponent forc-
ing him over your right leg. Rold hi s right forearm
securely under your left armpit, plaoing your left
forearm under hi s e1.bo\', as he goes to the deok.
Lower left shoulder and push up on your left forearm
1;0 seaure arm look. Elbow oan be dislocated.
4 . PISTOL HELD AT RIGHT TEIIPLE: (Viotim's hands are dOlln.)
a. Whip right hand up grasping opponent's forearm under
wrist driving his hand straight forward from your right
temple.
b. Grasp his right arm with your right hand using both
h ands to foroe his right arm up over your bead as you
pivot on ball of righ, foot bringing your left foot
around to the front and inside of opponent's right
foot.. Throw your hipb into opp onent.
o. Push outward on opp onent's arm causing it to come under
your l eft arm p it. As you push on opponent's right arm
let your hands slip down until they are pushing on his
hand and have your left am pitas olose to his right
shoulder as possible. thiS allows more leverage. Be
Sure to have the palm of his Weapon hand faoing up.
d. Drive your weight on his right Shoulder I1hile you pull
up on his hand thus aausing sharp pain in o pponent's
elbow . Follow opponent to the deck if neoessary to
keep the pressure on his right shoulder. The elbow
can be disloeated by this move.
5. PISTOL HELD AT LEFT TE!.lPLE: (Victim's p,"nds ,,~ down.)
,,

a. Whip l eft hand up grasping p~ponont'3 forearm near

wrist driVing his hand st:!f!i'1igh~ forltard from your left
Shoulder.

- 35-
•
b. Step out with your left foot placing it in front and
inside of opponent's right leg as you grasp hi 8 weapon
hand ~ith your right hand.
o. Use (0) of def'ensive movement 4.
d. Use (d) of defensive movement 4.
6. l'ISTOL HELD liT RIGHT TEMPLE: (Viotim has hands down) .
a. Whip rignt hand up grasping opponent's forearm near
wrist driving his hand straight forward from your
rignt anoulder.
b. Grasp pistol hand with your left hand forcing opponent'S'
right hand back toward h is forearm as you bring his
weapon arm down across your waistline. This forms a
wrist lock whioh will force op ponent to drop weapon.
B,s sure to turn weapon away from you as you get wrist
look .

7 . PISTOL HELD AT RIGHT 1'H.\PLE: (Viotim has hands down.)

a. Whip rignt hand up grasping opponent's forearm near
wrist driving his h and straight forward from your left
shoulder.
b. Grasp pistol hand with your left hand as you step
back with your right foot faoing opponent, and for,o e
pistol hand toWards his 'forearm Securing a wrist look.
Be sure to have palm of weapon hand facing up.

- 36 -
 LJlAUl:NG MJD "EARUiING t'RISONEllS

pARI' Xll
(Advanced)
1. TYING WIDi A ~ORu:

a. 1'1e cord around prlsoner 1 s neck . (lJonlt use slip 10lot)

rlace prisoner's hands back to back behind him as far
lIP as he oao pos s ibly stand. Bring cord down his back
from his Deck and tie thumbs together using clove
hitches on each thumb. Then bring cord down between
backs of hands and tie to cord around neck. Be sure
to have cords between neck and hands very snug.
b. In seouring a prisoner so that he oan be left alone
tie as above but place prisoner on stomach. Bring his
feet up oVer his baok. As you finish tying his hands
bring aord daVin to hi 5 feet instead of baak to hi s
neok. Tie a clove hl tan on each aDdle and bring cord
baak to the hand tying between the baoks of prisoner 's
hands. (~ote - - cord used in these ties should not be
bigger than clothestops . )
2. TYING WITH ROPE:
a. Tie rope around neok (not a slip knot) rlace prisoner ' s
hands behind him back to baak. Bring rope from neck
down his back and tie wris ts together using clove
hi toh aD eaab. wrist. llalce two complete turns around
rope bet\'Veen his Wrists and then bring rope up his
baCK and tie to rope around his neok.
:3. LEADING GROUP WIlli A CORD :

a. 'rie prisoners as in ~o. 1 (a) but instead of bringing

end of cord baok to first prisoner's neok bring it
back to second prisoner. r risoners should not be more
than one foot apart and standing front to back. Tie
cord around his neok so it won l t slip. Then bring
cord down his baak and tie his hands the same as first
prisoner l s. fau oan tie any Dumber of prisoners to-
gether in this way. The man in oharge holds the cord
snugly behind line of prisoners. k'lrisoners tied in
thi~ manner have to stop, start, lie down or get up as
a uni t.
4 . LEADING WITH BArONET:
a. ;:,tand well back of pr1 saner. J: rod him in rear of legs
not in the upper region. of hody . When prodding is
neoessary. ctep baak immediately after prodding. :rt
is always dangerous to touoh a prisoner in upper

- 37 -
 regions of the body. While searching pri soners al-
ways stand a fevi paoes to one side or rear ..
5 . .. MllING WIm COME lILONG rlOLD OK UPP ER LIP:

Thfs is a good way to lead a resisting opponent through

a narrow passageway - such as a door of a building or
car.
a~ Get one hand on the back of opponent ' s head to keep
him from forcing his head back as you grasp h i s upper
lip near the Dose 'IIi th thumb and fi rat finger of other
hand . This hold is very painful when foroefully
applied because of the nerves centered in this region
of the uppe r lip . lhese movements are most effective
when the element of surprise and speed of aotioD are
applied .

a . While standing at one side or in front of op ponent

reach out with op posite hand and grasp rear of arm
(olothing and flesh) firmly just above elbow . ('rhat
is grasp his left arm with your right or hiS right with
your l eft . )
b. Pull and jerk upwards on his arm as you grasp the back
of the hand of same am. rush fO!"Vlard on hi 9 arm as
you pull his hand back and over top of elbow of your
arm that is pu shing forward • .L..ock his wrist in t he
crook of your elboW then leave go of his hand.

a. HaVe prisoner face to wall . Have him pI ace both hands

on wall and make him move his feet back as fer as pos-
si ble . aske him spread hi s hands and feet as far apart
as h~ can while still being able to keep him from fall-
ing. Also be sure not to let his heed touch the wall.
:1S you start to search hi m pl a ce one foot just in
front of hio fo ot nearest you s o that you oan kick his
foot out from under him if he makes a move . When you
have searohed one side of hiIi go to other side and
place a foot in same manner . Never reaoh all the way
around a prisoner, search. him ODe side at a time.

- 38 -
 J uU) AS A SPORr

CONTEST RIlLE§.

.uuring idle times at a ;;.tati on or on Island X, JUdO oan

be a source of a morale builder using the exercises to build stamina
in t h e men . rilso by following the following simple rules - it 1 s
a source of competitive cle an sport. It is not neoessary to have
elaborate gear and eq,.uipment . The Government J: ssue ot' clothes Will
fUrnish the oostume neoessary.

!llJLES :
1. Where mats are not obtainable f olear and level a space
of ground as near 24 ft. by 24 ft. square as pOSSible,
stretch a tarp or oanvas if obtainable afte r the sharp
obstacles (stones, sticks, etc . ) have been removed and
this arrangement makes an ideal place for a contest .
2. COSTUME - ODe must h ave on blouse and trousers-G. ~.
and belt .
3. , 'OR I NllLVlDUAL GDNTEST ;:;ize or weight makes no
differenoe.
4. u.r' !"..L.\.oIAL~ - 1 . Referee, one timekeeper preferably one
who is an instruct.or of t.I udo or has had training in
same .
5 • .ME'lhUD ul!' ,:,TART..L NG i,., ()N'l'~ '.i' - For indi vi dual or team-
Opponents faae each other from op p osite corners
diagona lly - aome to center, shake hands, reverse
posi tions and start at signal of timekeeper.
6. LENGTH F !lOUTS - 3 minutes or 5 minutes with t 1me out
only for going out of square or ti me allowed for in-
jury. 3 minutes in case of inj ury a nd oontestant ~ is
not able to prooeed at end of 3 minutes, bout is
awarded t o other contestant .
7 . uon test ants are al l owed to grasp hold of any p a rt of
olothing or body except - - privates, aands or hand over
eyes and mouth , biting or pulling of ears, t 'V'Jisting of
ankle, kicking, hitting or butting a re n ot allowed •
.:Itriking 1'Ii th side or sal e of foot is Dot to be oalled
kioking .
8. ~aob contest ant shal l maKe an honest eff ort to thro~
using any J udo method, trip to throw or on ground grasp
any hold using ei thar cl.othes or pa rt or body to have
oomplete control or op ponent . vhokes are allowed to
hold op p onent in this form not changing for 30 seoonds
- or by choke or lO OK cause contestant to give up _
shall he a winner.

- 39 -
 g, PO:tN'l'~ Uf' vuH'l'JSQT :

a . Perfeot olean throw or trip oausing opponent to

land flat on baok and retaining perfeot oontrol at
same time . 1 point or win .
b. One near perfect throw but still reta ining control .
t point . TWo near falls 1 point or win.
C. Having oontestant on mat or ground in speoifio hold
oannot esoape or do bodily h a rm to op ponent . !I'or
30 seconds - 1 point or win.
d. tiaving obtai ned a ohoke or lOCK aausing opponent
to g ive up - 1 point or win.
(nending of fingers or wrists prohibited.)
10. R.eferee is sale judge and his deoisions are final
NOTE - Referee 1s to watoh eaoh move or hold at all
ti mes and when a oontestant has obtained a ohoke hold
or a dangerou~ look a nd knoVling same he must stop
oontest aDd award decision or aontest to contestant
haVing the hold.
11 . When a oontestant pats any part of his opponent ' s body
or person or mat it is a Signal he has g iven up.
12, Yuch emphasis of thro ws are to be made as possible as
it develops perfeot Judo.
Referee - se ei ng that two oontestants on mat have no
ohanoe 01" obtaining a hold or choke - should stop oon-
test and start them in standing po sition .. )
13. T::tt'ES Or Wl'l:rl!..~:Jl'.:;,:

a. Individual - 2 oontestants .
b. Team - Where any equal number of contestClnts partici-
pate . This type of contest should be enoouraged .
'fake any number of contestants diVide into equal num-
bers . utand faCing, put Bhort men opPosite an d arrange
by height - start with short men - in the team OOD-
test one is to remain in contest utnil defeated no
time is a.1.lowed between bouts - Scoring 10 the same .
Team having the greatest number of men who have not
contested is disolosed winner.

- 40 -
 PRACTICE NEEDED TO IIAsrER ARr OF JUDO, CHIEF SPEC IALIST SAYS

The following a rticle by Mel Bruno, Uh ier ~ p eclalist, U;:,~R , noVi sta-
tioned at vornell , voicles the opinion of a nationally reoognized In-
st ruotor and expert 1n the art of Judo. A graduate of San Jo s e State
College, Bruno held the ABJ 155-pound wrestling ti Ue in 19157 aDd 193
he toured J apan 1n 1938 fJith an Amerioan wrestli ng team, winning all
his matches. Bruno entered the service in 1942 and was in aharge ot
the combative program at the Norfolk ,Naval Tra ining iJtation. Before
entering the Navy, he coaohed wrestling at dan Jose State College and
gav e Judo instruotions to the staff at uhina, a modernized penal in-
stitution outside L.oO S Angeles i n whioh no weapons are permitted .
- 0 -

By MEL BRUNO
Chief Speoialist, USNR

So-oalled judo expe~s thr oughout the nation, usurping the prssaD
aondi tiona, have attempted to teach the system of judo; but , because 0'
their lack of genuine experience their procedures and methods have bee)
impraotical and ineffective in its appli cat i on. The spectacular side
of judo and its publ i oity have been so glamorized and magnified that
the im.pression of the average in div idual 1s that a judo-trained in-
dividual is invin c ible 'w hen the combative SKills are put to a realist!c
test.
The eDemy 1s beata ble a t hi B own game, and , at the same time it
must be understood that wi thin it s own ranks youth like ours, 1n the
oocba tiv 6s , are above average, averag e, and below average . J. t is
unneaessary therefore, to buil d a r alse morale or to overestimate a ny
of t he comba tive skills of judo. I n any sound SCience, there are no
short auts to l earning .
'r hi s is much more evident in the neuromuscular skills. Judo,
lik e wrestli ng and fenc:lng cannot be grooved in the motor neuron
system in just a few silnple practioe sessions . rlour s of ti me with
proper supe rvis ion and "i nstruotion are required tow ard gaining satis-
faotory results . Offi cials , wh o have ad opted judo training for th e
purpose of obtaining qu:lak effeotive training results in t heir pro-
grams are incognizant of the above fact a nd are kidding themselves.

Before the war ' .Amer ica had only a handful of Instru.otors quali-
fied to instruot this system; moreov er, their efforts had been also
handicapped to do a job in sh ort ti me.
There is nothing ,mysterious or dif1"icult in the pe rformance of
judo; i te p rin ciples er,e based on those of othe r s p orts. I t is prac-
t iced aDa fundamental principle of "g ivi ng wa yll and taking a dvantage
of the adversa r y's exte:oded effort to defeat hil!lself. In other wo rds,
it is defensive-offensi've-ness, similar to counter punch in bOxing .
 The throwing and joint locking methods are performed on the
applioation of the first alass lever, and , when properly mastered.
weight, size, and strength of the adVersary are DO obs taoles to oon-
trol. To attain this proficienoy in physioal oombat, however, takes
more than "how to learn to play the p iano in three easy lessons. 1I
A simple hip throw, one of the elementary methods in the art of
throwing , involves several fundamentals, before its maximum effect-
iveness OaD be attained.
For example: Prop er footword, espeoially under the op ponent j S
oenter of gravity and With hiS oonstant shifting of position. All
these pOints must be ooordinated so that the actual execution wrlT
be effective . Yet, the hip throlll is not considered ev~n a "drop In
the bucket " introduotion of Judo.

h restling methods are oomprt.sed of many judo movements and wi th a

modification of a fe\"l of its positions and an addition of the art of
strangling and the striking of vital pOints, i t is sufficient for the
ultimate purpose 0 f hand-to-hand combat. There are amp le skilled
wrestlers lnot hippodrome arti sts of the professi anal ring), who oan
do this job. The objective in a hand-to-hand struggle is to put the
adversary out of commis s ion as quickly and as accurately as poss ible.
~hen rough and tumble or sandlot methods are resorted to , this pur-
pose is defeate·d; therefore, only speoific, simplified movements of
wrestling should be utilized so that a little man oan maneuver a
larger or stronger one •
..luot'ing dack .uempsey and otrzmgl er .1.t6wis, ·'l"he mental and phys-
i cal applioat ion of judo oannot be underrated at a ny tim.e . rt 1s to
be approached wi th wariness and caution at all times." In other words,
this statement seems to prove the faot that our Amerioan nature of
over-extending our effort or forae may at times expose ourselves t o
strong oounter-attaok, often resulting in "easy mea1)n, for the judo-
trained individual. Its mental and physiaal ap plications are no diff-
erent from our -mouse trapD plays of football or feints of boxing,
lUres of wrestling, or distraotion methods of chess .. These psycho-
logical approaches are evident in all forms of combat, from the Simp-
lest to the most oomplex.

'!bere is very olose oOITelatlon between judo and wrestling; the

former aiming toward -submiSSion is practioed on its OVID rules, wh ile
the latter is governed by pinning and outpointing the opponent. If
botu oan be properly merged In teaohing, any attaok of hand-to-hand
oombat oan be oounteracted.
at no time should there be an overestimation or underestimation,
in general, of the oombative methods; when their skillS, res peotively,
are understood sound analogical statements oan be made. The best tn
this =anner thus oaD be imparted to our youth .
f(e have Been in ne"sreels how easily the -"ould-be-killer" 1s
Bubdued and in magaZines how to disarm and attacker who has a olub,
knife, or gun . All of this propaganda has projeoted in the minds of
the public that judo, a form of scientifio wrestling, 1s something
supernatural or mystioal; but on the premises of the preoeding
statements, the speotacular! ty or judo has been enlarged on this
false, basia UDderstanding. brom this observational study, it
presents itselr as an overrated aotivit.y, which as expla~ned Is
DO difrerent trom many others in 1ts performance aDd training. now-
ever, 1 t 1 s to be coped" 1th and to suooesst'Ully Dount er 1t s metllods
through our own judo movements of wrestling, every phase ot it must
be understood.
A good big man will always beat a good little man, and luckily
the average ltomeri oan has a tew inches on the average Nippon .
 ,
U
R
IN
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