WHAT IS A MULTI-FUEL ENGINE ?

 A MULTI-FUEL ENGINE ONE WHICH WOULD

OPERATE SATISFACTORILY WITH
SUBSTANTIALLY UNCHANGED
PERFORMANCE AND EFFICIENCY, ON A WIDE
VARIETY OF FUELS RANGING FROM DIESEL
OIL, CRUDE OIL TO LIGHTER FUELS LIKE
GASOLINE AND EVEN NORMAL LUBRICATING
OIL.
 GENERALLY A C.I. ENGINE IS PRFFERED FOR
THIS PURPOSE.
 WHY USE A C.I. ENGINE ?
 ALMOST ALL DIESEL ENGINES ARE CAPABLE
OF BURNING A WIDE VARIETY OF FUELS.
 THE USE OF LOW IGNITION QUALITY FUELS
REQUIRES A HIGHER COMPRESSION RATIO
FOR SATISFACTORY BURNING.
 DUE TO THIS REASON A C.I. ENGINE IS
PREFFERED AS RAISING THE COMPRESSION
RATIO IN S.I. ENGINES IS A VERY DIFFICULT
JOB.
 QUALITIES A MULTI-FUEL ENGINE
MUST POSSESS
 IT MUST HAVE A GOOD COMBUSTION
EFFICIENCY.
 THE TEMPERATURE OF THE
COMBUSTION CHAMBER MUST BE
COMPARITIVELY HIGHER.
 THE ENGINE MUST BE CAPABLE OF
STARTING UNDER SUB-ZERO
CONDITIONS WITHOUT ANY EXTERNAL
AID.
 THE ENGINE MUST HAVE LOW EXHAUST
SMOKE AND LOW NOISE LEVEL.
 DESIGN FEATURES ESSENTIAL
FOR MULTI-FUEL OPERATION
 HIGHER COMPRESSION RATIO
 HIGHER STROKE/BORE RATIO
 COMBUSTION CHAMBER DESIGN:
a)OPEN COMBUSTION CHAMBER
b)SPHERICAL COMBUSTION CHAMBER
c)M-TYPE COMBUSTION CHAMBER
 INJECTION PUMP
COMBUSTION CHAMBER OF A G.M. MULTI-
FUEL ENGINE
PERFORMANCE OF MULTI-FUEL ENGINES
 ADVANTAGES
 CAN OPERATE ON A WIDE VARIETY
OF FUEL.
 CAN BE STARTED UNDER SUB-ZERO
CONDITIONS.
 LOW EXHAUST SMOKE.
 LOW NOISE LEVEL.
 LIMITATIONS
 TENDENCY OF VAPOUR LOCK IN
THE FUEL PUMP WHILE USING
LIGHTER FUELS.
 TENDENCY OF INCREASED WEAR IN
FUEL PUMPS.
 REQUIREMENT OF INJETING
DIFFERENT VOLUMES OF FUELS
DUE TO DIFFERENCES IN THEIR
HEATIND VALUES AND
COMPRESSIBLITY.
 MODIFICATON OF FUEL SYSTEM
 VAPOUR LOCK
 LUBRICATION
 VARIATION IN CAPACITY
 JACKET WATER HEATING
 FLAME HEATER
 TURBOCHARGING
TYPICAL FUEL RACK STOP
FUEL INJECTOR
 MILITARY MULTI-FUEL ENGINES

 One common use of this technology is in the

drive of military vehicles, so that they may run
a wide range of alternative fuels such as
gasoline or aviation (gas turbine) fuel. This is
seen as desirable in a military setting as
enemy action or unit isolation may limit the
available fuel supply, and conversely enemy
fuel sources, or civilian sources, may become
available for usage. Currently a wide range of
Russian military vehicles employ multi-fuel
engines, such as the T-72 tank (multi-fuel
diesel) and the T-80 (multi-fuel gas turbine).
T-72 TANK
 BI-FUEL VEHICLES
 Bi-fuel vehicles are vehicles with multi-fuel engines
capable of running on two fuels. On internal
combustion engines one fuel is gasoline or diesel,
and the other is an alternate fuel such as natural gas
(CNG), LPG, or hydrogen. The two fuels are stored
in separate tanks and the engine runs on one fuel at
a time, unlike flexible-fuel vehicles ("dual-fuel"), that
store the two different fuels mixed together in the
same tank, and the resulting blend is burned in the
combustion chamber. Bi-fuel vehicles have the
capability to switch back and forth from gasoline or
diesel to the other fuel, manually or automatically.
A BI-FUEL VEHICLE
FLEX-FUEL VEHICLES
 FACTORY BI-FUEL PASSENGER
CARS
 Fiat Punto
 Fiat Siena Tetra fuel, with a gasoline flex-
fuel engine and natural gas (CNG).
 Holden Commodore dual-fuel (LPG/petrol)
 Chevrolet Cavalier
 Ford Contour
 Mazda RX-8 Hydrogen RE
 Premacy Hydrogen RE Hybrid
 Chevrolet SPARK Bi-Fuel
 VW Polo Bi-Fuel
 FUEL DENSITY COMPENSATOR
 The multi-fuel engine operates on a variety of fuels
that have a broad range of viscosities and heat
values. These variations in the fuels affect engine
output. Because it is unacceptable for the power
output of the engine to vary with fuel changes, the
multi-fuel engine is fitted with a device known as a
fuel density compensator . The fuel density
compensator is a device that serves to vary the
quantity of fuel injected to the engine by regulating
the full-load stop of the fuel pump. The
characteristics of the fuels show that their heat
values decrease almost inversely proportional to
their viscosities. The fuel density compensator uses
viscosity as the indicator for regulating fuel flow.
 REFERENCES
 A COURSE IN I.C. ENGINES –
MATHUR & KHANNA
 WIKIPEDIA
 GOOGLE IMAGES
 PRESENTED BY
 ARPIT & SHREYAS PRAKASH

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF DR.

RAJAGOPAL.