The Imperative

 Definition: Imperatives are verbs used to give orders, commands,

warning or instructions, and (if you use "please") to make a request.
 A positive imperative uses the base form of the verb. E.g. Come
in.
 A negative imperative uses “don’t” before the base form of the
verb. E.g. Don’t come in.

A. Match the imperative in column A with a situation in column

B.

A B
1. __ Don’t touch that! a. Someone is crossing the street.
2. __ Look both ways. b. Something is hot.
3. __ Dress warmly! c. Someone is going out in the cold.
4. __ Try a little more salt. d. Someone is tasting some food.

B. Read the following instructions and guess who is speaking.

Use the words in the box.

a robber – a boss – a receptionist - a telephone

operator

1. Please come in. Have a seat. Don’t worry. You won’t have to wait
long. __________

2. Don’t move ! Do as I say! Give me your money an don’t ask any

questions! _________

3. Come to work on time. Don’t leave so early. Work harder.

_________

C. Complete each sentence with a negative or affirmative

imperative. Use the verbs in the box. Use some verbs more
than once.

forget walk lock

1. Please ______ the dog in the morning and afternoon. But ______ it
near the Wong’s house. It chases their cat.

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 2. Please _______ the back door before you go out. The key is in the
door.

3. Also, __________ to turn out the lights. We have high electricity

bills.

Modals of Preference

 Modals of Preferences include: prefer, would prefer and would

rather. They are used to express preferences about present and
future actions.

 Use prefer (general preference), would prefer, and would rather

(preference in a particular situation).

Followed by Comparison with to

Prefer
Noun I prefer tea over I prefer newspapers to
coffee. magazines.
Would prefer (’d Gerund Sara prefers reading Sara would prefer reading
prefer) books. books to reading newspapers.
infinitiv Sara prefers to read
e books
Would rather (’d Only followed by Comparison with than
rather) the base form of a verb
I’d rather walk. I’d rather walk than drive.
Negative (’d rather Would you like some tea?
not) I’d rather not. I had two cups already.

A. Choose the correct answer

1. I’d rather …… walking than go mountain climbing

a. going b. go c. to go d. goes

2. I’d prefer…… tennis.

a. to play b. play c. plays d. played

3. Would you like to go bungee jumping next week?

No thanks …………. I don’t like extreme sports.

a. I’d love to b. I prefer c. I’d rather not d. I rather

not

B. Use would rather or ’d rather not in a short answer or with

one of the verbs

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 order stay

Salih: Would you like to go shopping today?

Danah: _______________ home and read a book.

Salih: Let’s make dinner tonight.

Danah: I _________. I don’t want to cook. I ____________ pizza.

Simple Present

I walk to school everyday.

Use the simple present to talk about The sun rises from the east.
what regularly happens, what usually
happens, or what always happens

Samah usually visits her mom on Wednesday.

We often use adverbs of frequency with She is never late for class.
the simple present tense: always,
usually, often, sometimes,
rarely/seldom, never.

Water freezes at 0º C.
Situation
Use the simple present to talk about Stress causes high blood
situations, mental states, and pressure.
emotions. Mental state Mothers know what is best
for their children.
Emotion I love pizza. Sara hates it.

He Simple He walks. He watches.

She form + She talks. She washes.
It s/es It hurts. It flies.
Forming the simple present tense I I walk.
We Simple We talk.
You form You come.
They They leave.

A. Two friends are talking about a problem. Complete their

conversation. Use the simple present tense.

Jane: Every day my sister ___________ (spend) hours in front of the T.V.
She just ________ (sit) there and _________ (watch) one program after
another.

Mary: I know what you mean. My husband ________ (do) the same thing.
He never _______(read) a book anymore. And forget about exercise!
After work he _________ (hurry) home. Then he just ________(stay) inside
and _________ (switch) channels with the remote control.
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 Jane: It’s awful. Sometimes my sister even ________ (cancel) plans
because a special show is on TV!

B. Choose the correct answer.

She ( live – lives) in Florida.
It ( rain – rains) almost everyday in Manchester.
My life is boring. I just (watch – watches) TV every night.

The Present Progressive

I’m standing outside Erfan Hospital

The present progressive tense is used to right now.
describe actions that are happening at
the present time She is studying English this semester.

Forming the I am I am making pasta tonight.

present
progressive: he, she, is She is wearing a red blouse.
Be (am, are, is) + it
base form of verb + you, we, are They are coming to visit.
-ing they

A. Complete the sentences. Use these verbs in the present

progressive tense and use the correct verb to be:

cook stand stay

work

1. Please be quite. I _____________.

2. Where’s Ali. He’s in the kitchen. He ___________________.
3. You _________________ on my foot. Oh, I’m sorry.
4. We’re here on holiday. We _____________ at the Central Hotel.

B. Choose the correct answer:

1. He (is – are) giving an injection.

2. They (is – are) thinking about going home.

3. I (is – am) coming.

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 C. Choose the sentence that uses the simple present or the
present continuous correctly:

a. Japan is in the Pacific Ocean. ___

Japan is being in the Pacific Ocean. ____

b. Ria has ten cups of tea everyday. _____

Ria is having ten cups of tea everyday. _____

c. We cannot go out because it rains. ______

We cannot go out because it’s raining. _____

Modals of Ability: Can, Could, Be able to

Use can or be able to to describe an ability Sami can swim, but he can’t skate.
in the present. I’m able to park a car, but I’m not able
to drive in traffic yet.
Use be able to to describe an ability in the He’ll be able to visit us next year.
future.
Use either could or was/were able to My grandmother could speak Turkish.
describe a general ability in the past. I was able to play the flute when I was
9.
Emily wants to be able to write
programs. (infinitive)
For forms other than the present or the past,
you must use be able to. He hasn’t been able to practice for a
long time. (present perfect)
Subject Can/could (not) Base form of I can skate now.
verb I couldn’t skate last year.
Subject be able to Base form of She is able to drive.
verb Sam wasn’t able to drive last year.

A. Complete the paragraph with can, can’t, could, and couldn’t.

Samir has made a lot of progress in English. Last term he _________

order a meal in a restaurant or talk on the telephone. His friends helped
him do everything. Now he _________ speak English in a lot of situations.

B. Complete the sentences using can or be able to. Use can if

possible; otherwise use be able to.

1. Ahmad has traveled a lot. He _________ speak five languages.

2. I used to ______________ stand on my head, but I can’t do it now.

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3. I can’t see you on Friday, but I _________ meet you on Saturday
morning.

C. Choose the correct form of the verb.

1. I can’t (come – comes) to your party next week.

2. We (is – are) able to (see- saw) the lake from the bedroom window.

3. When Salih was 16, he could (run – ran) 100 meters in 11 seconds.

4. I (was – were) able to finish my work quickly.