English in Mind-Structure

Structure Modul
By Lisa Fransiska Sitompul

Exclusively for Citra Bangsa Junior High School
Tangerang
TENSES
Simple Present
General Use:
• action in the present taking place once, never or several times
• general facts
• actions taking place one after another
• action set by a timetable or schedule
Additional details:
• we can use: always, every …, never, normally, often, seldom, sometimes, usually
if sentences type I (If I talk, …)
General Form:
• Positive Form:
Subject + Verb I (+ s/es for third singular pronouns) + Bare infinitives
Examples:
1. He likes to play piano every night
2. The sun rises from the east
3. They go to the same park every Sunday
4. The Plane flies at six o’clock in the morning every workdays
• Negative Form:
Subject + Do not / Does not + Verb I + Bare infinitives
Examples:
1. He does not (doesn’t) like to play piano every night
2. The sun doesn’t rise from the east
3. They do not (don’t) go to the same park every Sunday
4. The Plane doesn’t fly at six o’clock in the morning every workdays
• Interrogative Form:
Do/Does + Subject + + Verb I + Bare infinitives ?
Examples:
1. Does he like to play piano every night?
2. Does the sun rise from the east?
3. Do They go to the same park every Sunday?
4. Does the Plane fly at six o’clock in the morning every workdays?
1
Structure Modul
Tangerang
Present Continuous
General Use:
• action taking place in the moment of speaking
• action taking place only for a limited period of time
• action arranged for the future
Additional details:
• We can use: at the moment, just, just now, Listen!, Look!, now, right now
General Form:
• Positive Form:
Subject + Be + Verb-ing + Bare infinitives
Examples:
1. He is playing the piano at the moment
2. The train is leaving right now
3. She is taking the seat just now
4. The plane is taking off in a minute
5. They are playing a new song tonight
• Negative Form:
Subject + Be not + Verb-ing + Bare infinitives
Examples:
1. He is not playing the piano at the moment
2. The train is not leaving right now
3. She is not taking the seat just now
4. The Plane is not taking off in a minute
5. They are not playing a new song tonight
Be + Subject + + Verb-ing + Bare infinitives ?
Examples:
1. I he playing the piano at the moment?
2. Is the train leaving right now?
3. Is she taking the seat just now?
4. Is the plane taking off in a minute?
5. Are they playing a new song tonight?
2
Structure Modul
Tangerang
Present Perfect Simple
General Use:
• putting emphasis on the result
• action that is still going on
• action that stopped recently
• finished action that has an influence on the present
• action that has taken place once, never or several times before the moment of speaking
Additional details:
• We can use the terms of: already, ever, just, never, not yet, so far, till now, up to now
General Form:
• Positive Form:
Subject + Have/Has + Verb-III + Bare infinitives
Examples:
1. They have studied English already
2. She has finished half of the report so far
3. He has done the work till now
4. The plane has taken off a moment ago
5. I have found some interesting facts up to now
• Negative Form:
Subject + Have/Has Not + Verb III + Bare infinitives
Examples:
1. They have not (haven’t) studied English yet (already changed to yet in negative form)
2. She has not (hasn’t) finished half of the report so far
3. He has not done the work till now
4. The plane has not taken off yet (we can change a moment ago into yet too)
5. I haven’t found some interesting facts up to now
Have/Has + Subject + + Verb III + Bare infinitives ?
Examples:
1. I he playing the piano at the moment?
2. Is the train leaving right now?
3. Is she taking the seat just now?
4. Is the plane taking off in a minute?
5. Are they playing a new song tonight?
3
Structure Modul
Tangerang
Present Perfect Continuous

General Form:
• putting emphasis on the course or duration (not the result)
• action that recently stopped or is still going on
• finished action that influenced the present
Additional details:
• We can use the terms of: all day, for 4 years, since 1993, how long?, the whole week
General Form:
• Positive Form:
Subject + Have/Has + been + Verb-ing + Bare infinitives
Examples:
1. They have been practicing the song all day
2. She has been finishing that report since this morning
3. He has been doing that repairing thing for a week
4. The plane has been flying for about 3 hours
5. I have been finding new facts about the case since two days ago
• Negative Form:
Subject + Have/Has Not been + Verb-ing + Bare infinitives
Examples:
1. The have not been practicing the song.
2. She hasn’t been finishing that report since this morning
3. He has not been doing that repairing thing for a week
4. The plane has not been flying for about 3 hours
5. I haven’t been finding new facts on the case since two days ago.
Have/Has + Subject + been + Verb III + Bare infinitives ?
Examples:
1. Have they been practicing the song? (The time explanation appeared on the answer)
2. Has she been finishing that report?
3. Has he been doing that repairing thing?
4. How long has the plane been flying? (The Bare Infinitives removed when you use “how long”)
5. Have you been finding new facts about the case? (The subject changed into ‘you’)
4
Structure Modul
Tangerang
Simple Past
General Use:
• action in the past taking place once, never or several times
• actions taking place one after another
• action taking place in the middle of another action
Additional details:
• yesterday, 2 minutes ago, in 1990, the other day, last Friday
if sentence type II (If I talked, …)
General Form:
• Positive Form:
Subject + Verb-II + Bare infinitives
Examples:
1. He spoke at the meeting last week
2. She finished the report last night
3. He repaired the radio two days ago
4. The plane took off an hour ago
5. I found new facts last night
• Negative Form:
Subject + did not (didn’t) + Verb-I + Bare infinitives
Examples:
1. He didn’t speak at the meeting last week.
2. She didn’t finish the report last night
3. He didn’t repair the radio two days ago
4. The plane didn’t take off an hour ago
5. I didn’t find new facts last night
Did + Subject + Verb + Bare infinitives ?
Examples:
1. Did he speak at the meeting last week?
2. Did she finish the report last night?
3. Did he repair the radio two days ago?
4. Did the plane take off an hour ago?
5. Did you find new facts last night?
5
Structure Modul
Tangerang
Past Continuous
General Use:
• action going on at a certain time in the past
• actions taking place at the same time
• action in the past that is interrupted by another action
Additional details:
• when, while, as long as
General Form:
• Positive Form:
Subject + Past-BE (was/were) + Verb-ing + Bare infinitives
Examples:
1. He was speaking in the meeting last night
2. She was finishing the report when I called her
3. He was repairing the radio when my father picked up the groceries
4. The plane was taking off when the airport got the phone call from the terrorist
5. I was finding some new facts when the murderer killed that new victim
• Negative Form:
Subject + Past-BE (was/were) not + Verb-ing + Bare infinitives
Examples:
1. Was he speaking in the meeting last night?
2. Was she finishing the report when I called her?
3. Was he repairing the radio when my father picked up the groceries?
4. Was the plane taking off when the airport got the phone call from the terrorist
5. I was finding some new facts when the murderer killed that new victim
Past-Be (was/were) + Subject + Verb-ing + Bare infinitives ?
Examples:
1. Did he speak at the meeting last week?
2. Did she finish the report last night?
3. Did he repair the radio two days ago?
4. Did the plane take off an hour ago?
5. Did you find new facts last night?
6
Structure Modul
Tangerang
Past Perfect Simple
General Use:
• action taking place before a certain time in the past
• sometimes interchangeable with past perfect progressive
• putting emphasis only on the fact (not the duration)
Additional details:
• We can use the terms of: already, just, never, not yet, once, until that day
• We can also use for : if sentence type III (If I had talked, …)
General Form:
• Positive Form:
Subject + Had + Verb-III + Bare infinitives
Examples:
1. They had studied English
2. She had finished half of the report until that day
3. He had done the job properly
4. The plane had taken off just a moment before you arrived
5. I had found some new facts for the trial
• Negative Form:
Subject + Had not + Verb III + Bare infinitives
Examples:
1. They had not studied English
2. She had not finished even half of the report until that day
3. He had not done the job properly
4. The plane had not taken off the moment before you arrived
5. I had not found some new facts for the trial
Had + Subject + + Verb III + Bare infinitives ?
Examples:
1. Had they studied English?
2. Had she finished half the report until that day?
3. Had he done the job properly?
4. Had the plane taken off the moment I arrived?
5. Had you found new facts for the trial?
7
Structure Modul
Tangerang
Future I Simple A: He will speak.

N: He will not speak.
Q: Will he speak?
• action in the future that cannot be influenced

• spontaneous decision
• assumption with regard to the future
in a year, next …, tomorrow

If-Satz Typ I (If you ask her, she will help you.)
assumption: I think, probably, perhaps Future I Simple
(going to)
A: He is going to speak.
N: He is not going to speak.
Q: Is he going to speak?
• decision made for the future

• conclusion with regard to the future
in one year, next week, tomorrow Future I Progressive A: He will be speaking.

N: He will not be speaking.
Q: Will he be speaking?
• action that is going on at a certain time in the future

• action that is sure to happen in the near future
in one year, next week, tomorrow Future II Simple A: He will have spoken.
N: He will not have spoken.
Q: Will he have spoken?
• action that will be finished at a certain time in the future
by Monday, in a week Future II Progressive A: He will have been speaking.

N: He will not have been speaking.
Q: Will he have been speaking?
• action taking place before a certain time in the future

• putting emphasis on the course of an action
for …, the last couple of hours, all day long Conditional I Simple A: He would speak.
N: He would not speak.
Q: Would he speak?
• action that might take place
8
Structure Modul
Tangerang
if sentences type II
(If I were you, I would go home.) Conditional I Progressive A: He would be speaking.
N: He would not be speaking.
Q: Would he be speaking?
• action that might take place

• putting emphasis on the course / duration of the action
Conditional II Simple A: He would have spoken.

N: He would not have spoken.
Q: Would he have spoken?
• action that might have taken place in the past
if sentences type III

(If I had seen that, I would have helped.) Conditional II Progressive A: He would have been speaking.
N: He would not have been speaking.
Q: Would he have been speaking?
• action that might have taken place in the past

• puts emphasis on the course / duration of the action
• Conjunctions
• but / still / however
• especially / mainly / particularly
• before
• as / because / since
• so that
• then / after that
• that's why / so
• either ... or
• after all
• after
• of course
• though / although / even though
• or
• as soon as
• as long as
• finally / eventually
• in spite of / even so / all the same
• perhaps ...
• above all
• neither ... nor
• because
• first of all
• for example / for instance
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Structure Modul
Tangerang
Legend
• action that takes place once, never or several times
• actions that happen one after another
moment in time • actions that suddenly take place
• action that started before a certain moment and lasts beyond that moment
period of time • actions taking place at the same time
10
Structure Modul
Tangerang
• action taking place before a certain moment in time

Result • puts emphasis on the result
• action taking place before a certain moment in time
Course / Duration • puts emphasis on the course or duration of the action
English Tenses – Examples

Explanation Past Present Future
Simple Past Simple Present Future I Simple
action that takes place He will / is going to

He played football He plays football
once, never or several play football every
every Tuesday. every Tuesday.
times Tuesday.
He will play football

actions that happen He played football and He plays football and
and then he will go
one after another then he went home. then he goes home.
home.
state He loved football. He loves football. He will love football.
Future I
Past Progressive Present Progressive
Progressive
action going on at that He was playing He will be playing

He is playing football.
moment football. football.
He was playing He will be playing

actions taking place at He is playing football
football and she was football and she will
the same time and she is watching.
watching. be watching.
Present Perfect
Past Perfect Simple Future II Simple
Simple
action taking place

He had won five
before a certain He has won five He will have won five
matches until that
moment in time; matches so far. matches by then.
day.
emphasises the result
Past Perfect Present Perfect Future II

Progressive Progressive Progressive
action taking place He had been playing He has been playing He will have been
before a certain football for ten years. football for ten years. playing football for ten
moment in time (and years.
beyond), emphasises
11
Structure Modul
Tangerang
the duration
• table of English tenses

• diagram of English tenses
PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE

1. General use:
 We use present simple to express something habitually or something that we do as a regular
thing.
 We also use it to express general facts about things around us
0. I came from Semarang, _____didn’t____ I ?

1. You’re working here, ____________ you?
2. Melbourne is the capital of Victoria’s State, ____________ it?
3. She isn’t coming, ____________ she?
4. Mr. Black is our president’s advisor, ____________ he?
5. I’m not left out from the competition, ____________ I?
6. She cannot drive my cousin to the station, ____________she?
7. They won’t come to the meeting today, ____________they?
8. We should have come earlier, ____________ we?
9. He can take you to see the doctor, ____________ he?
10.We won’t visit the victim tonight, ____________ we?
11.They shouldn’t gave the kids that spicy food, ____________ they?
12.She has made a lot of difference around here, ____________ she?
13.He hasn’t made up his mind, ____________he?
14.You haven’t been to USA, ____________you?
15.She hasn’t submitted the assignment, ____________she?
15
A. There are some mistakes on the Question Tags, put: ___if it’s true and put: X if
it’s the wrong one, and write down the correct one.
0. He left the car next to the park, hasn’t he? ___didn’t

he__
1. She has just wiped her tears, didn’t she?
______________
2. They haven’t submitted their assignments, have they?
______________
3. I’m not from Canada, don’t I? ______________
4. She works in my father’s company, doesn’t she? ______________
5. We didn’t see them coming, did we? ______________
6. Your favorite juice is Melon Juice, isn’t it? ______________
7. We went to the new Sushi Bar last night, weren’t we? ______________
8. She hasn’t arrived yet, has she? ______________
12
Structure Modul
Tangerang
9. We’ve done many things, didn’t we? ______________

10.They haven’t achieved anything, have they? ______________
11.I’m working alone, don’t I? ______________
12.They’re not coming, are they? ______________
13.You can’t finish the task, aren’t you? ______________
14.They shouldn’t come late, should they ______________
15.I haven’t watched the movie, didn’t I? ______________
15
B. Write the statements and the questions, use Present Perfect, already, just or
yet
0. A : Brenda, have you received the data, yet?
( you / receive the data )
B : Yes, I have already received the data since two days ago.
( yes / I / since two days ago )
1. A : I love Julia Robert, I heard ………………………………………………………
( she / make her latest movie )
B : ……………………………………………………………………………………………..
( you / watch that movie? )
2. A : ……………………………………………………………………………………………..
( you / decide what you want to be ? )
B : ……………………………………………………………………………………………..
( I / not decide a career )
3. A : ……………………………………………………………………………………………..
( They / not do lots of things )
B : ………………………………………………………………………………………………
( They / finish the last task ? )
4. A : ………………………………………………………………………………………………
( He / get the letter from the University? )
B : ……………………………………………………………………………………………..
13
Structure Modul
Tangerang
( No )  (please give complete answer)
5. A : ……………………………………………………………………………………………..
( You / travel on the tram ? )
B : ……………………………………………………………………………………………..
( Yes / but / not travel on the subway )
10
C. Get the clues inside the brackets, and make the Perfect Present sentences
with using just or yet (please acknowledge the possibilities of negative terms)
1. ( He / buy a magazine / but / read it )
He has just bought a magazine but he hasn’t read it yet.
2. ( I / finish the Biology assignment / but / I / finish the computer assignment )
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……
3. ( They / go to the zoo / because / the teacher / cancel the visit to the museum )
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………
4. ( We / not get our score / for / we / have the examinations )
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………
5. ( She / receive her Bachelor degree / but / find someone special )
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………
6. ( We / plan the bridge / but / get the fund )
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……..
7. ( I / hear the demo CD / but / meet the singer of the song)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………
8. ( She / not apply the new program / because / she / work in this office )
14
Structure Modul
Tangerang
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………
9. ( They / arrive at the station / but / the bus / not come )
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………
10.( She / give her full report / but / the head office / not receive the pictures )
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………
10
VOCABULARY
Match the words with it’s origin
British English (BE) Northern America (NA)
0. Programmes ( __BE___ )
1. Elevator ( _______ )
2. Subway ( _______ )
3. Colour ( _______ )
4. Centre ( _______ )
5. Favourite ( _______ )
6. Travelled ( _______ )
7. Subway ( _______ )
8. Pavement ( _______ )
9. Apartment ( _______ )
10.Trousers ( _______ )
11.Wicked ( _______ )
12.Cool ( _______ )
15
Structure Modul
Tangerang
13.Hit the road ( _______ )

15
14.Darn ( _______ )
15.Bring it on ( _______ )
EVERYDAY ENGLISH
Complete the conversation with the words in the box
Teacher : Good morning guys, I think I have a good news for _0. All of you___
Harry : Wow, _(1)_____________ , sir?
Teacher : _(2)___________ all know Brad Pitt? Don’t you?
Suzanna : Of course we all know him, he’s the __(3)_________ actor I ever known.
Teacher : But first, you all got to_(4)________________
Harry : Can you just __(5)___________ sir? Tell us the great news!
Teacher : Alright, alright…, I just got an email from his manager, he’s _(6) __________
Suzanna : __(7)_____________ ??
Teacher : I’m serious! I received the email last night.
Harry : This is __(8)__________! Are you serious, sir?
Teacher : I’m __(9)________ he’s my best friend in Junior High School.
Harry : __(10)_You got to be kidding me, sir__! Your best friend?? Brad Pitt??
Teacher : __(11)_____________ Brad Pitt?
Harry : You just told us that he was your best friend __(12)_________ Junior High School!
Teacher : ___(13) _______ No…I went to the same JunHi with Michael White, the manager,
He’s getting married, that why he’s coming to town.
Suzanna : Aarrrgh, sir, you have just __(14)________out of all of us!

darn serious – cutest - made a full - You got to be kidding me, sir –
Teacher : Hahaha… __(15)_______!
You guys
Who? Brad Pitt ?? - Are you serious – back in - Gotcha
wicked – what’s the news

16
What about - coming to town – all of you – hold your horses – cut it out
Structure Modul
Tangerang
15
WRITING
Please write down something about Global Warming, (Min 100 words with 150 maximum
words.
20
SIGNATURES
Teacher:
SCORE
Parents:
_______/ 100
17

English in Mind-Structure

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Structure Modul

By Lisa Fransiska Sitompul

Subject + Verb I (+ s/es for third singular pronouns) + Bare infinitives

Subject + Do not / Does not + Verb I + Bare infinitives

Do/Does + Subject + + Verb I + Bare infinitives ?

Subject + Be + Verb-ing + Bare infinitives

Subject + Be not + Verb-ing + Bare infinitives

Be + Subject + + Verb-ing + Bare infinitives ?

Present Perfect Simple

Subject + Have/Has + Verb-III + Bare infinitives

Subject + Have/Has Not + Verb III + Bare infinitives

Have/Has + Subject + + Verb III + Bare infinitives ?

Present Perfect Continuous

Subject + Have/Has + been + Verb-ing + Bare infinitives

Subject + Have/Has Not been + Verb-ing + Bare infinitives

Have/Has + Subject + been + Verb III + Bare infinitives ?

Subject + Verb-II + Bare infinitives

Subject + Past-BE (was/were) + Verb-ing + Bare infinitives

Past Perfect Simple

Subject + Had + Verb-III + Bare infinitives

Subject + Had not + Verb III + Bare infinitives

Had + Subject + + Verb III + Bare infinitives ?

Future I Simple A: He will speak.

• action in the future that cannot be influenced

in a year, next …, tomorrow

• decision made for the future

in one year, next week, tomorrow Future I Progressive A: He will be speaking.

• action that is going on at a certain time in the future

• action that will be finished at a certain time in the future

by Monday, in a week Future II Progressive A: He will have been speaking.

• action taking place before a certain time in the future

• action that might take place

• action that might take place

Conditional II Simple A: He would have spoken.

• action that might have taken place in the past

if sentences type III

• action that might have taken place in the past

period of time • actions taking place at the same time

• action taking place before a certain moment in time

Course / Duration • puts emphasis on the course or duration of the action

English Tenses – Examples

Simple Past Simple Present Future I Simple

action that takes place He will / is going to

He will play football

state He loved football. He loves football. He will love football.

action going on at that He was playing He will be playing

He was playing He will be playing

action taking place

Past Perfect Present Perfect Future II

• table of English tenses

PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE

0. I came from Semarang, _____didn’t____ I ?

0. He left the car next to the park, hasn’t he? ___didn’t

9. We’ve done many things, didn’t we? ______________

0. A : Brenda, have you received the data, yet?

( you / receive the data )

( yes / I / since two days ago )

1. A : I love Julia Robert, I heard ………………………………………………………

( she / make her latest movie )

( you / watch that movie? )

( you / decide what you want to be ? )

( I / not decide a career )

0. I came from Semarang, _didn’t I ?

Harry : This is (8)________! Are you serious, sir?

Teacher : I’m (9)______ he’s my best friend in Junior High School.

Teacher : (11)___________ Brad Pitt?

Suzanna : Aarrrgh, sir, you have just (14)______out of all of us!