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UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

SERI ISKANDAR CAMPUS
FACULTY OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
AND QUANTITATIVE SCIENCE

DIPLOMA IN COMPUTER SCIENCE (CS110)

FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE (CSC119)

GROUP ASSIGNMENT
(RESEARCH 1)
Prepared by,
MUHAMMAD HANIS HASSIM
(2008226726)

AHMAD RASYAD NOOR AZMAN

(2008409392)

NORAZILA YAHYA
(2008271354)

FAZLINA YUSOFF
(2008271476)

AQILAH OMAR
(2008271392)

HAZIMAH MOHD ISA

(2008227234)

Prepared for,
PUAN NOOR AFNI BT DERAMAN
Lecturer for Fundamentals of Computer Science (CSC119)

Date of Submission:
15th AUGUST 2008
TABLE OF CONTENT

Overview Page 1

Introduction Page 2-3

Discussion Page 4-6

Conclusion Page 7

Reference Page 8
 OVERVIEW
The aim of this topic is to explain more specific about barcode and item pricing. This
research will explain about the advantages of barcode versus the disadvantages of item
pricing, other than the basic definition of both barcode and item pricing. We hope that the
reader will gain more knowledge and information about barcode and item pricing.

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 INTRODUCTION

What is a Barcode?

 A bar code (also barcode) is an optical machine-readable representation of data.

 Bar codes represented data in the widths (lines) and the spacing of parallel lines.
 They also come in patterns of squares, dots, hexagons and other geometric patterns.
 It is important to note that both the patterns (lines, squares, dots, etc.) and spacing
constitute the data encodation schema.
 Barcodes can be read by optical scanners called barcode readers or scanned from an
image by special software.
 Barcodes are widely used to implement Auto ID Data Capture (AIDC) systems that
improve the speed and accuracy of computer data entry. An advantage over other
methods of AIDC is that it is less expensive to implement. It will cost about
US$0.005 to implement a barcode compared to passive RFID which still costs about
US$0.07 to US$0.30 per tag. Below is the method how to read a bar code:

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 What is Item Pricing?

 Item pricing is the manual way of labeling certain items instead of using barcodes.

 The scanner law requires that, with some exceptions, a customer readable price still
be attached to an item so you can compare prices and check for accuracy at checkout.

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 DISCUSSION

A barcode can be described as an "optical Morse code". Series of black bars and white space
of varying widths are printed on labels to uniquely identify items. The barcode labels are
read with a scanner, which measures reflected light and interprets the code into numbers and
letters that are passed on to a computer.

Advantages of Barcode:

Barcode data collection systems provide enormous benefits for just about any business. With
a barcode data collection solution, capturing data is faster and more accurate, costs are lower,
mistakes are minimized, and managing inventory is much easier.
The following are some of the benefits of barcode data entry:

Fast and Reliable Data Collection:

Faster Data Entry: A barcode scanner typically can record data five to seven times as fast as
a skilled typist.

10,000 Times better Accuracy:

Keyboard data entry creates an average of one error in 300 keystrokes. Barcode data entry
has an error rate of about 1 in 3 million.

Reduced Labor Costs:

This is the most obvious benefit of barcode data collection. In many cases, this cost savings
pays for the entire data-collection system. Do not put all of your attention on this benefit,
however. Even though this is the most apparent benefit, it is often overshadowed by even
greater savings from other

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Speed:

A bar code label of twelve characters can be winded in approximately the time it takes a
keyboard operator to make two keystrokes.

Data Integrity:

Probable number of substitution errors per 3,400,000 characters

Data Entry Method Errors
Keyboard Entry 10,000
OCR Scanning 300
Barcode scanning (Code 39) 1

Ease of Implementation:

Operators of bar code scanners can learn to use the equipment effectively in less than 15
minutes. System costs are lower than other means of data entry because of the existence of
interfacing hardware and software. Barcode labels can cost less than a penny apiece, are
easily read by thousands of commonly available devices, and can be printed universally.

Cost Effectiveness:

Barcode systems have a demonstrated payback period of six to eighteen months, and they
provide the highest level of reliability in a wide variety of data collection applications.
Barcode systems create value not only by saving time, but also by preventing costly errors.

Cost Savings:
This is the most obvious benefit. A medium-to-large store can save enough checker time to
significantly reduce payroll. You also save direct labor costs through less time spent taking
inventories and ordering product.

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 DISADVANTAGES OF ITEM PRICING:

 Easily tattered.
 The seller can cheat the consumer - required to put the price on any item sold for
retail.
 The price is always not accurate.
 Confusion of price - makes comparing costs difficult with original price.
 Difficult, waste money and time.
 Difficult to update – cannot manage inventory.
 Cannot be read by a barcode reader.
 Not universal.
 Harder to catch overcharges at the cash register.
 Computerized checkout systems - now the most common checkout method, rely
on a code of vertical bars and numbers (manually, traditional way).
 Limited uses.

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 CONCLUSION

Overall, there are so many advantages of barcode than item pricing. We can conclude that
using barcode is more effective and manage inventory faster than using item pricing.

 Fast-selling items can be identified quickly and automatically reordered to meet

consumer demands.
 Slow-selling items can be identified, preventing a build-up of unwanted stock.
 The effects of repositioning a given product within a store can be monitored, allowing
fast-moving more profitable items to occupy the best space.
 Historical data can be used to predict seasonal fluctuations very accurately.
 Items may be repriced on the shelf to reflect both sale prices and price increases.

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 REFERENCES

o en.wikipedia.org/barcode
o www.google.com

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