A.

Differential current protection settings

 I_Diff
Principle 1: I_Diff should be more than the maximum differential current when any
one feeder CT is broken in order to keep the protection performance correctly.

Principle 2: Keep the sensitivity more than 2 when a fault happens on the busbar and
the busbar system is operating in the minimum mode. For example, if the fault
primary current is Ipmin when the busbar system is operating in the minimum mode,
the sensitivity is

I p m in

C T_ R a tio: B a s e
K=s I _ D i ff
Ks should be more than 2.

Item a: It is necessary that the users provide the maximum load flow of all feeders.
Choose the maximum load flow as the setting base. For example, if the maximum load
flow is Ifhmax, Based on principle 1, I_Diff should be more than Ka*Kr*Ifhmax/CT_Ratio:
Base. Ka is the factor relative to CT transforming error, 0.15 is recommended. Kr is the
reliability factor, 1.5 is recommended.

Item b: It is recommended that I_Diff is equal to (0.4~0.6)*In (In is the secondary rated
current).

Get the maximum between Item a and Item b as I_Diff. Checking the sensitivity should
be done under this setting. Get the minimum fault current under the minimum
operation mode and calculate the sensitivity. The sensitivity should be more than 2.

 K_Diff

K_Diff is the percentage factor only for the bus selective zone. For the check zone,
the percentage factor is fixed as 0.3.

It is recommended that K_Diff is equal to (0.5~0.8). For the double busbar

configuration, 0.6 or 0.7 is better. For one and a half CB configuration, 0.5 is better.
Checking the sensitivity of percentage factors K_Diff for the bus selective zone and
0.3 for the check zone should be done.

For one and a half CB or the single busbar without a bus section configuration,
checking the percentage factor sensitivity of check zone should be done. If the
sensitivity is not enough, 1 relay for per busbar should be configured.

 I_CTFail: Alarm
Generally, 0.1In is recommended for it.

 I_CTFail: Block
Generally, it is little more than I_CTFail: Alarm. Maybe 0.12In is good.
For n feeders, the primary load currents are I1fh, I2fh, …, Infh. Considering the minimum
linearity of auxiliary CT, I1fh, I2fh, …, Infh should be more than 0.1In*CT_Ratio: Feeder 1,
0.1In*CT_Ratio: Feeder 2, …, 0.1In*CT_Ratio: Feeder n. If any broken CT should be
detected based on the settings I_CTFail: Alarm and I_CTFail: Block, they should be
less than the minimum (I1fh/CT_Ratio: Base, I2fh/CT_Ratio: Base, …, Infh/CT_Ratio:
Base) but more than the calculation error.

B. CBF protection settings

 T_CBF:Stage1
It should be larger than the circuit-breaker switch-off time. Some redundancy should
be considered to cooperate with the other protections. The recommended range is
0.15~1s. Generally 0.15s is better.

 T_CBF:Stage2
It should be larger than the sum of T_CBF:Stage1 adding the circuit-breaker switch-off
time. Some redundancy should be considered to cooperate with the other protections.
Under the condition, it should be as short as possible. The recommended range is
0.15~1s. Generally T_CBF:Stage1+0.1s is better.

 Ip_CBF:Bay n & 3I0_CBF:Bay n

It should be set mainly by considering the cooperation with the other protections.

Principle 1: Keep the enough sensitivity under the single-phase earthed fault
happened on the end of feeder or the low-voltage side of transformer. The sensitivity
should be more than 1.3.

Principle 2: It is recommended that Ip_CBF:Bay n should be more than the load

current. If the sensitivity of phase current is not enough, zero-sequence current should
be activated.

Item a: Supposed the fault happens on the end of the feeder or the low-voltage side of
transformer, calculate the minimum primary fault current Ipmin.
I p m in

C T _ R atio: Bayn
K s
= ≥ 1.3
Ip _ C BF: B ayn
So Ip_CBF:Bay n should be less than Ipmin /(1.3*CT_Ratio: Bay n).

Item b: It is supposed that the maximum load current is Ifhmax. Ip_CBF:Bay n should be
more than Ifhmax and some redundancy should be considered.
Ip _ C B F: B a y n≥ K ∗I
r fh m a x
Kr is the reliability factor. 1.3~1.5 is recommended.

Based on Item a and Item b, Ip_CBF: Bay n can be set.

If the sensitivity of phase current is not enough, zero-sequence current should be
activated. The setting principle of zero-sequence current is keeping the enough
sensitivity.

Supposed that the earthed fault happens on the end of line or the low-voltage side of
transformer calculate the minimum primary fault zero-sequence current 3I0min.

3I 0 _ C B :FB a y≤ n 3I 0m i n

( K ∗ C T_ R a t:iBo a y) n
s
Ks is the sensitivity factor. 1.3 ~1.5 is recommended.

C. B/C CBF protection settings

 I_CBF:B/C
It should have enough sensitivity in the minimum operation mode and may be set same
with I_Diff.

Principle 1: It should be more than the maximum load current through the bus
coupler.
I _ C B F: B / C ≥ K ∗Ir fh m a x
Kr is the reliability factor. 1.1 is recommended.

Principle 2: The sensitivity is enough when the fault happens on the busbar. The
sensitivity should be more than 1.3.

Supposed that the minimum current flowing through the bus coupler is Ipmin and the
fault happens on the busbar under the minimum operation mode.

I _ C B F: B / C ≤
I pm in

K s
Ks is the sensitivity factor. 1.3 is recommended.

 T1_CBF:B/C
It should be larger than the maximum switch-off time of busbar coupler circuit-
breaker and some redundancy should be considered. The recommended range is
0.15~1s.

 T2_CBF:B/C
It should be the sum of the T1_CBF:B/C and the maximum switch-off time of busbar
coupler circuit-breaker. Some redundancy should be considered. The recommended
range is 0.15~1s.
D. B/C O/C protection settings

 Ip_B/C O/C:Stage1 & Ip_B/C O/C:Stage2

Principle 1: It should be more than the maximum load current of the feeders.

Ip _ B / C O/ C ≥ K ∗I
r fh m ax

Kr is the reliability factor. 1.3~1.5 is recommended.

Principle 2: Keep the enough sensitivity when the phase-phase fault happens on the
end of the feeders. The sensitivity should be more than 1.3~1.5.
Supposed that the minimum primary phase fault current is Ipmin and the earthed fault
happens on the any feeder’s end under the minimum operation mode.

I _ B / C O/ C ≤
I pm in

( K ∗ C T_ R a t i: oB a1y)
s
Ks is the sensitivity factor.

 3I0_B/C O/C:Stage1 & 3I0_B/C O/C:Stage2


Principle: Keep the enough sensitivity under the earthed fault happens on the any
feeder end. The sensitivity should be more than 1.3~1.5.

Supposed that the minimum primary zero-sequence fault current is 3I0min and the
earthed fault happens on the any feeder’s end under the minimum operation mode.

3I 0 _ B / C O/ C ≤ 3I 0m i n
( K ∗ C T_ R a t :i Bo a1y)
s
Ks is the sensitivity factor