Institutional Training Program-2010

Project Report

on

communication skills

Submitted as a part of Course Curriculum

Bachelor of Technology
In
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Under Guidance

Project Head Submitted by

Er. Ramanjot Kaur yog raj sharma
Lecturer in IT Department IT – III Sem
Rollno ; 90260820604

Department of Information Technology

Doaba Institute of Engineering & Technology
Kharar, Mohali
CERTIFICATE

Department of Information Technology, DIET-Kharar

 DOABA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING &
TECHNOLOGY
KHARAR, MOHALI

We hereby certify that the work which is being presented in

the thesis entitled ‘Communication Skill' in fulfillment of the requirement
of the award of the degree of the bachelor of technology and submitted in
the Dept. of Information Technology of this college, Punjab Technical
University (PTU) Jalandhar, Punjab is an authentic record of my own work
carried out over a period from June 2010 to July 2010 under the supervision
of our Project Guides ms. Ramanjot Kaur & Er. Varun Kukreja
We have not submitted the matter embedded in the
dissertation for the award of any other degree. The matter presented in
this thesis has not been submitted by me for the award of any other degree
of this or any other university.

Student Name :-
Yog Raj Sharma
IT III Sem
Rollno :- 90260820604

This is to certify that the above statement made by the

candidate is correct to the best of my knowledge.

Mr. Lalit k bansal Mr. Lalit K Bansal Er. Ramanjot

( HOD IT ) ( Training Coordinator ) ( Project Head )

Department of Information Technology, DIET-Kharar

 PREFACE

Computerization has been the major goal of the modern world.

Man has always tried to make things such that his work becomes
more fast and efficient.
Computerization is one of the most basic requirements in the
industry. Computer has been a great achievement towards this
goal. Computer has contributed a lot in automation.

The way computerized machines have manifested in our lives is

nothing less than the effect the invention of the wheel had on
mankind. It has provided a better, time saving and efficient
alternative to human labor. It also has the advantage of being
free from errors and mistakes.

This project has been made in order to improve the efficiency of

admissions in university. This project provides an environment in
which we can easily retrieve, store and modify the record.
This project provide an environment in which
user can easily interact with it to done the required operation.

Student Name :-
yog Raj Sharma
IT III Sem
Rollno :- 90260820604

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

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A work of this nature can never do by any person alone. It has
been able to bring this dissertation in this presence shape only
because of hearty co-operation of a number of heads and hands.
There are some who have blesses, some who have advised, some
who have wished and some who have supplemented. Thus each has
contributed one’s might in some form or the other.

Thanks being a small word cannot express the immense sense of

gratitude one wells in the heart towards anyone. So is true with
this humble-self while stating so in this line.

No endeavor can successfully accomplish without any active

participation, sincere assistance and encouraging inspiration of
others this project is no exception. We find it a matter in
showing our blessings of indebtedness and thankfulness to Er.
Ramanjot Kaur & Er. Varun Kukreja under whose guidance this
project “Communication Skills” was undertaken.

We also take this opportunity to thanks ours family for providing

us every kind of help during the completion of this project. We
thank all the people who help us directly or indirectly in this
project. Last but not least we feel very honorable to complete
this project as the students of great.

All cannot be mentioned but none is forgotten.

Student Name :-
Yog Raj Sharma
IT III Sem
Rollno :- 90260820604

Department of Information Technology, DIET-Kharar

Global Warming
Global warming is the increase in the average temperature of the Earth's
near-surface air and oceans in recent decades and its projected continuation.

The global average air temperature near the Earth's surface rose 0.74 ±
0.18 °C (1.33 ± 0.32 °F) during the 100 years ending in 2005
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) concludes "most
of the observed increase in globally averaged temperatures since the mid-
20th century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic
greenhouse gas concentrations" via the greenhouse effect. Natural
phenomena such as solar variation combined with volcanoes probably had a
small warming effect from pre-industrial times to 1950

and a small cooling effect from 1950 onward. These basic conclusions
have been endorsed by at least 30 scientific societies and academies
of science, including all of the national academies of science of the
major industrialized countries. While individual scientists have voiced
disagreement with some findings of the IPCC, the overwhelming
majority of scientists working on climate change agree with the IPCC's
main conclusions.

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 Climate model projections summarized by the IPCC indicate that
average global

Increasing global temperature will cause sea level to rise, and is expected
to increase the intensity of extreme weather events and to change the
amount and pattern of precipitation. Other effects of global warming include
changes in agricultural yields, trade routes, glacier retreat, species
extinctions and increases in the ranges of disease vectors.

Remaining scientific uncertainties include the amount of warming expected in

the future, and how warming and related changes will vary from region to
region around the globe. Most national governments have signed and ratified
the Kyoto Protocol aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions, but there is
ongoing political and public debate worldwide regarding what, if any, action
should be taken to reduce or reverse future warming or to adapt to its
expected consequences.
surface temperature will likely rise a further 1.1 to 6.4 °C (2.0 to 11.5 °F)
during the 21st century. The range of values results from the use of differing
scenarios of future greenhouse gas emissions as well as models with differing
climate sensitivity. Although most studies focus on the period up to 2100,
warming and sea level rise are expected to continue for more than a
thousand years even if greenhouse gas levels are stabilized. The delay in
reaching equilibrium is a result of the large heat capacity of the oceans.

Causes
The Earth's climate changes in response to external forcing, including
variations in its orbit around the Sun (orbital forcing), volcanic eruptions, and
atmosphericgreenhouse gas concentrations. Thedetailed causes of the
recent warming remain an active field of research, but the scientific
consensus is that the increase in atmospheric greenhouse gases due to
human activity caused most of the warming observed since the start of the
industrial era. This attribution is clearest for the most recent 50 years, for
which the most detailed data are available. Some other hypotheses departing
from the consensus view have been suggested to explain the temperature
increase. One such hypothesis proposes that warming may be the result of
variations in solar activity.

None of the effects of forcing are instantaneous. The thermal inertia of the
Earth's oceans and slow responses of other indirect effects mean that the
Earth's current climate is not in equilibrium with the forcing imposed. Climate

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commitment studies indicate that even if greenhouse gases were stabilized
at 2000 levels, a further warming of about 0.5 °C (0.9 °F) would still occur.

Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere

The greenhouse effect was discovered by Joseph Fourier in 1824 and was first
investigated quantitatively by Svante Arrhenius in 1896. It is the process by
which absorption and emission of infrared radiation by atmospheric gases
warm a planet's lower and surface. Existence of the greenhouse effect as
such is not disputed. Naturally occurring greenhouse gases have a mean
warming effect of about 33 °C (59 °F), without which Earth would be
uninhabitable. Rather, the issue is how the strength of the greenhouse effect
changes when human activity increases the atmospheric concentrations of
some greenhouse gases.

Recent increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). The monthly CO2

measurements display small seasonal oscillations in an overall yearly
uptrend; each year's maximum is reached during the Northern Hemisphere's
late spring, and declines during the Northern Hemisphere growing season
aThe present atmospheric concentration of CO2 is about 383 parts per million
(ppm) by volume. Future CO2 levels are expected to rise due to ongoing
burning of fossil fuels and land-use change.

The rate of rise will depend on uncertain economic, sociological,

technological, and natural developments, but may be ultimately limited by
the availability of fossil fuels. The IPCC Special Report on Emissions Scenarios
gives a wide range of future CO2 scenarios, ranging from 541 to 970 ppm by
the year 2100. Fossil fuel reserves are sufficient to reach this level and
continue emissions past 2100, if coal, tar sands or methane clathrates are
extensively used.s plants remove some CO2 from the atmosphere.

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EFFECTS

Climate Change
Most scientists now agree that human-induced global climate
change poses a serious threat to both society and the Earth's
ecosystems.Climate change is one of the greatest environmental, social
and economic threats facing the planet.

The warming of the climate system is unequivocal, as is now evident from

observations of increases in global average air and ocean temperatures,
widespread melting of snow and ice, and rising global mean sea level. The
Earth's average surface temperature has risen by 0.76° C since 1850. Most of
the warming that has occurred over the last 50 years is very likely to have
been caused by human activities.

Human activities that contribute to climate change include in particular the

burning of fossil fuels, agriculture and land-use changes like deforestation.
These cause emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), the main gas responsible for
climate change, as well as of other 'greenhouse' gases. To bring climate
change to a halt, global greenhouse gas emissions must be reduced
significantly.
Gases including carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane and water vapor trap
heat from the sun within the atmosphere. Acting like the panes of glass in a
greenhouse, they ensure that temperatures close to the Earth's surface are
much warmer than they would otherwise be. In this way, the greenhouse
effect makes life as we know it possible.
But this system has recently come under heavy pressure. Since the Industrial
Revolution, humankind has been extracting and burning fossil fuels at
increasing rates, releasing significant amounts of greenhouse gases into the
atmosphere. As concentrations of greenhouse gases have increased, so has
the strength of the greenhouse effect.

Scientists around the world are using computer models to try to

predict how global climate is likely to be affected by this

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 enhanced greenhouse effect in the years ahead. An important
part of their work is producing scenarios of what the future
climate may look like, based on a combination of past and
current observations, and predicted levels of future emissions.

Human Health

Throughout the world, the prevalence of some diseases and other threats to
human health depend largely on local climate. Extreme temperatures can
lead directly to loss of life, while climate-related disturbances in ecological
systems, such as changes in the range of infective parasites, can indirectly
impact the incidence of serious infectious diseases. In addition, warm
temperatures can increase air and water pollution, which in turn harm human

health.

Human health is strongly affected by social, political, economic,

environmental and technological factors, including urbanization, affluence,
scientific developments, individual behavior and individual vulnerability (e.g.,
genetic makeup, nutritional status, emotional well-being, age, gender and
economic status). The extent and nature of climate change impacts on
human health vary by region, by relative vulnerability of population groups,
by the extent and duration of exposure to climate change itself and by
society’s ability to adapt to or cope with the change.

Human beings are exposed to climate change through changing weather

patterns (for example, more intense and frequent extreme events) and
indirectly through changes in water, air, food quality and quantity,
ecosystems, agriculture, and economy. At this early stage the effects are
small but are projected to progressively increase in all countries and regions.

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Global Warming Puts Animals in Danger
A government report says global warming could lead to
many animals and birds becoming extinct.
Animals and birds are good at adapting to gradual changes in their
habitat, but in some cases the change is happening too fast for them
to cope with.

Melting ice, bigger deserts and warmer seas mean that some
creatures are finding that their usual homes are no longer
comfortable places to live.

As Arctic sea ice melts, polar bears and seals are finding that
their habitats are disappearing.

When ice at the North and South poles melts, it means that the
sea level rises
gradually all over the Earth.

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 For sea turtles, this means that some of their precious beach
nesting sites will
disappear. Scientists think that nearly a third of beaches used by
turtles in the
Caribbean could be lost during this cent

Agriculture
Climate change andagriculture are interrelated processes, both of which
take place on a global scale. Global warming is projected to have significant
impacts on conditions affecting agriculture, including temperature,
precipitation and glacial run-off. These conditions determine the carrying
capacity of the biosphere to produce enough food for the human population
and domesticated animals. Rising carbon dioxide levels would also
haveeffects, both detrimental and beneficial, on crop yields. The overall
effect of climate change on agriculture will depend on the balance of these
effects. Assessment of the effects of global climate changes on agriculture
might help to properly anticipate and adapt farming to maximize agricultural
production.
At the same time, agriculture has been shown to produce significant effects
on climate change, primarily through the production and release of
greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide, but
also by altering the earth's land cover, which can change its ability to absorb
or reflect heat and light, thus contributing to radiative forcing. Land use
change such as deforestation and desertification, together with use of fossil
fuels, are the major anthropogenic sources of carbon dioxide; agriculture
itself is the major contributor to increasing methane and nitrous oxide
concentrations in earth's atmosphere.
Shortage in grain production
Crops such as these sunflowers can be affected by severe drought conditions
in Australia. Between 1996 and 2003, grain production has stabilized slightly
over 1800 millions of tons. In 2000, 2001, 2002 and 2003, grain stocks have
been dropping, resulting in a global grain harvest that was short of
consumption by 93 millions of tons in 2003.

Solution
We have the technology and ingenuity to reduce the threat ofglobal
warming today.Solutions are already available that will stimulate the

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American economy by creating jobs, saving consumers money, and
protecting our national security. By investing in renewable energy and energy
efficiency, and increasing the efficiency of the cars we drive, we can take
essential steps toward reducing our dependence on oil and other fossil fuels
that cause global warming.

Using energy more efficiently and

moving to renewable energy (wind, solar, geothermal, and bioenergy) would
significantly reduce our emissions of heat-trapping gases. The United States
currently produces 70 percent of its electricity from fossil fuels such as coal,
natural gas, and oil, but only two percent from renewable sources. Since the
burning of fossil fuels releases large amounts of carbon dioxide—the leading
cause of global warming—but renewable energy does not, increasing the
share of our electricity generated from renewable resources is one of the
most effective ways to reduce global warming emissions.
Cars and trucks are another significant source (25 percent) of U.S. carbon
dioxide emissions. A serious effort to address global warming must therefore
reduce emissions from cars and trucks. American consumers would save
billions of dollars on gasoline, and we would reduce our dependence on
foreign oil.

By putting energy efficiency, renewable energy, and vehicle technology

solutions in place at the federal level, we can reduce our contribution to
global warming while creating a stronger, healthier, and more secure nation.

What We Do
At Home
Making a few small changes in your home and yard can lead to big reductions
of greenhouse gas emissions and save money. Explore our list of nine simple
steps you can take around the house and yard to reduce greenhouse gas
emissions
Change 5 lights
Change a light, and you help change the world. Replace the conventional
bulbs in your 5 most frequently used light fixtures with bulbs that have the
ENERGY STAR and you will help the environment while saving money on
energy bills. If every household in the U.S. took this one simple action we
would prevent greenhouse gases equivalent to the emissions from nearly 10
million cars.

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Look for ENERGY STAR qualified products
When buying new products, such as appliances for your home, get the
features and performance you want AND help reduce greenhouse gas
emissions and air pollution. Look for ENERGY STAR qualified products in more
than 50 product categories, including lighting, home electronics, heating and
cooling equipment and appliances.

Heat and cool smartly

Simple steps like cleaning air filters regularly and having your heating and
cooling equipment tuned annually by a licensed contractor can save energy
and increase comfort at home, and at the same time reduce greenhouse gas
emissions. When it's time to replace your old equipment, choose a high
efficiency model, and make sure it is properly sized and installed.
Seal and insulate your home
Sealing air leaks and adding more insulation to your home is a great do-it-
yourself project. The biggest leaks are usually found in the attic and
basement. If you are planning to replace windows, choose ENERGY STAR
qualified windows for better performance. Forced air ducts that run through
unconditioned spaces are often big energy wasters. Seal and insulate any
ducts in attics and crawlspaces to improve the efficiency of your home. Not
sure where to begin? A home energy auditor can also help you find air leaks,
areas with poor insulation, and evaluate the over-all energy efficiency of your
home. By taking these steps, you can eliminate drafts, keep your home more
comfortable year round, save energy that would otherwise be wasted, and
reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

Use green power

Green power is environmentally friendly electricity that is generated from
renewable energy sources such as wind and the sun. There are two ways to
use green power: you can buy green power or you can modify your house to
generate your own green power. Buying green power is easy, it offers a
number of environmental and economic benefits over conventional
electricity, including lower greenhouse gas emissions, and it helps increase
clean energy supply. If you are interested, there are a number of steps you
can take to create a greener home, including installing solar panels and
researching incentives for renewable energy in your state.

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Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle
If there is a recycling program in your community, recycle your newspapers,
beverage containers, paper and other goods. Use products in containers that
can be recycled and items that can be repaired or reused. In addition,
support recycling markets by buying products made from recycled materials.
Reducing, reusing, and recycling in your home helps conserve energy and
reduces pollution and greenhouse gases from resource extraction,
manufacturing, and disposal.

Be green in your yard

Use a push mower, which, unlike a gas or electric mower, consumes no fossil
fuels and emits no greenhouse gases. If you do use a power mower, make
sure it is a mulching mower to reduce grass clippings (PDF, 8 pp., 1.59 MB,
About PDF). Composting your food and yard waste reduces the amount of
garbage that you send to landfills and reduces greenhouse gas emissions.
Smart Landscaping can save energy, save you money and reduce your
household’s greenhouse gas emissions.

Use water efficiently

Saving water around the home is simple. Municipal water systems require a
lot of energy to purify and distribute water to households, and saving water,
especially hot water, can lower greenhouse gas emissions. There are also
simple actions you can take to save water: Be smart when irrigating your
lawn or landscape; only water when needed and do it during the coolest part
of the day, early morning is best. Turn the water off while shaving or
brushing teeth. Do not use your toilet as a waste basket - water is wasted
with each flush. And did you know a leaky toilet can waste 200 gallons of
water per day? Repair all toilet and faucet leaks right away.

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Spread the Word
Tell family and friends that energy efficiency is good for their homes and
good for the environment because it lowers greenhouse gas emissions and
air pollution. Tell 5 people and together we can help our homes help us all.

Stop Global Warming

Things To Do To Stop Global Warming

Global Warming is a dramatically urgent and serious problem. We

don't need to wait for governments to find a solution for this
problem: each individual can bring an important help adopting a
more responsible lifestyle: starting from little, everyday things.
It's the only reasonable way to save our planet, before it is too
late.
1 Replace a regular incandescent light bulb with a compact
fluorescent light bulb (cfl)
CFLs use 60% less energy than a regular bulb. This simple switch
will save about 300 pounds of carbon dioxide a year.
Programmable thermostats will automatically lower the heat or
air conditioning at night and raise them again in the morning.
They can save you $100 a year on your energy bill.

3 Move your thermostat down 2° in winter and up 2° in summer

Almost half of the energy we use in our homes goes to heating
and cooling. You could save about 2,000 pounds of carbon
dioxide a year with this simple adjustment.

4 Clean or replace filters on your furnace and air conditioner

Cleaning a dirty air filter can save 350 pounds of carbon dioxide a
year.

5 Choose energy efficient appliances when making new purchases

Look for the Energy Star label on new appliances to choose the
most energy efficient products available.

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 6 Do not leave appliances on standby
Use the "on/off" function on the machine itself. A TV set that's
switched on for 3 hours a day (the average time Europeans spend
watching TV) and in standby mode during the remaining 21 hours
uses about 40% of its energy in standby mode.

7 Wrap your water heater in an insulation blanket

You’ll save 1,000 pounds of carbon dioxide a year with this simple action. You
can save another 550 pounds per year by setting the thermostat no higher
than 50°C.

8 Move your fridge and freezer

Placing them next to the cooker or boiler consumes much more energy than if they were
standing on their own. For example, if you put them in a hot cellar room where the room
temperature is 30-35ºC, energy use is almost double and causes an extra 160kg of CO2
emissions for fridges per year and 320kg for freezers.

9 Defrost old fridges and freezers regularly

Even better is to replace them with newer models, which all have automatic
defrost

are generally up to two times more energy-

efficient than their predecessors.

10 Don't let heat escape from your house over a long period
When airing your house, open the windows for only a few minutes. If you
leave a small opening all day long, the energy needed to keep it warm inside
during six cold months (10ºC or less outside temperature) would result in
almost 1 ton of CO2 emissions

11 Replace your old single-glazed windows with double-glazing

This requires a bit of upfront investment, but will halve the energy lost
through windows and pay off in the long term. If you go for the best the
market has to offer (wooden-framed double-glazed units with low-emission
glass and filled with argon gas), you can even save more than 70% of the
energy lost.

12 Get a home energy audit

Many utilities offer free home energy audits to find where your home is
poorly insulated or energy inefficient. You can save up to 30% off your energy

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bill and 1,000 pounds of carbon dioxide a year. Energy Star can help you find
an energy specialist.

13 Cover your pots while cooking

Doing so can save a lot of the energy needed for preparing the dish. Even
better are pressure cookers and steamers: they can save around 70%!

14 Use the washing machine or dishwasher only when they are full
If you need to use it when it is half full, then use the half-load or economy
setting. There is also no need to set the temperatures high. Nowadays
detergents are so efficient that they get your clothes and dishes clean at low
temperatures

15 Take a shower instead of a bath

A shower takes up to four times less energy than a bath. To maximise the
energy saving, avoid power showers and use low-flow showerheads, which
are cheap and provide the same comfort.

16 Use less hot water

It takes a lot of energy to heat water. You can use less hot water by installing
a low flow showerhead (350 pounds of carbon dioxide saved per year) and
washing your clothes in cold or warm water (500 pounds saved per year)
instead of hot.

17 Use a clothesline instead of a dryer whenever possible

You can save 700 pounds of carbon dioxide when you air dry your clothes for
6 months out of the year.

18 Insulate and weatherize your home

Properly insulating your walls and ceilings can save 25% of your home
heating bill and 2,000 pounds of carbon dioxide a year. Caulking and
weather-stripping can save another 1,700 pounds per year. Energy Efficient
has more information on how to better insulate your home.

19 Be sure you’re recycling at home

You can save 2,400 pounds of carbon dioxide a year by recycling half of the
waste your household generates.

20 Recycle your organic waste

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Around 3% of the greenhouse gas emissions through the methane is released
by decomposing bio-degradable waste. By recycling organic waste or
composting it if you have a garden, you can help eliminate this problem! Just
make sure that you compost it properly, so it decomposes with sufficient
oxygen, otherwise your compost will cause methane emissions and smell

foul.

21 Buy intelligently
One bottle of 1.5l requires less energy and produces less waste than three
bottles of 0.5l. As well, buy recycled paper products: it takes less 70 to 90%
less energy to make recycled paper and it prevents the loss of forests
worldwide.

22 Choose products that come with little packaging and buy refills
when you can
You will also cut down on waste production and energy use... another help
against global warming.

23 Reuse your shopping bag

When shopping, it saves energy and waste to use a reusable bag instead of
accepting a disposable one in each shop. Waste not only discharges CO2 and

methane into the atmosphere, it can also pollute the air,

groundwater and soil.

24 Reduce waste
Most products we buy cause greenhouse gas emissions in one or another
way, e.g. during production and distribution. By taking your lunch in a
reusable lunch box instead of a disposable one, you save the energy needed
to produce new lunch boxes.

25 Plant a tree
A single tree will absorb one ton of carbon dioxide over its lifetime. Shade

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 provided by trees can also reduce your air conditioning bill by
10 to 15%. The Arbor Day Foundation has information on planting and
provides trees you can plant with membership.

News
Snowstorm-hit areas of China recovering slowly

New Delhi, Feb 11: Life in the snowstorm-hit areas of south and east China provinces, where at
least 60 people were killed, is gradually returning to normal as disrupted transport and power
services are being resumed.
According to media reports, in Guizhou Province nine people died on Sunday when the bus in which
they traveling turned off an icy road.
The disaster relief and emergency command centre said rail and highway transportation is quite normal
throughout the country, except a few counties in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Guizhou,
Xinhua reported.
All airports in the country have been re-opened and are functioning normally, it said.
Till Saturday, the State Grid had restored power supply to 20.86 million customers The stockpile of
power coal had reached 21.68 million tons by late Friday, enough to fuel national power stations for 11
days on an average.
Around 300,000 of military man-hours, 325,000 of armed police man-hours and 1.85 million
paramilitary members man-hours were mobilized to participate in the disaster relief efforts as on
Saturday afternoon.

around 2,300 workers and 600 soldiers are working in snow-covered mountains of central China to

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repair a high-power 500-kilovolt-transmission line from the Three Gorges Dam to the main grid..

Frosty weather adversely affects crops in northern India

Rohtak/Abohar, Feb 6: Frosty

weather has adversely affected crops in northern India that is
reeling under severe cold wave.
Farmers of Rohtak complain that snowflakes accumulated on
plants have destroyed mustard and potato crops on a large scale.
Crops have been destroyed and even the hay stored as fodder
has been destroyed. Animals have fallen sick due to the extreme
cold,” said Sanjay, a farmer.
The farmers of Punjab’s Abohar are facing similar problems, as
their 50 to 70 per cent of keenu fruit plants were damaged.
I have never seen so much fog in my entire life. It is not within
our control to stop this. When we take these crops covered with
frost in the market, we are forced to sell them at price of two to
three rupees per kg,” said Charanjit Singh, a gardner.
The closure of the juice factory started by the Punjab
Government has exacerbated matters and increased losses, and
farmers have demanded that it should be restarted and new
factories should be established
Scanty snowfall in Uttarakhand

Buraskhanda, Uttarakhand, Feb

1: Farmers of Buraskhanda village in Uttarakhand are distressed
this year, as the natural cycle seems to have been upset with no

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 rain and insufficient snowfall.

Besides the life-giving water, the snowfall takes a toll on the

pests that afflict crops and helps the manure-compost to set
well. But this year with dry weather everything seems to be
getting wrong.

Jagat Singh, a farmer said that the little snow that has fallen so
far is not enough for a good harvest.

"There has hardly been any snowfall this year. Snowfall in the
months of December and January is a must in this region. It is
necessary for our crops. Due to the lack of snowfall, we could not
plough our fields on time. This has hampered the cultivation of
our crops," he added.

Farming is the primary occupation of majority of people in

Uttarakhand, normally the state has more than enough water for
cultivation.
But this year the situation is grim with farmers still hoping
against hope. (ANI)

Photogrphs

Dawn strikes the mountains rising above St. Mary’s Lake in Montana’s Glacier
National Park. When the park was created in 1910, it had 150 glaciers. Now
it has 30 glaciers, significantly reduce in size.

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 An aerial view shows Male, the capital
city of the Maldives Islands in the Indian Ocean.

A hurricane-damaged home in Gulf Breeze, Florida.

Thousands of Pensacola area residents were displaced from their damaged

homes following Hurricane Ivan in October of 2004.

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Department of Information Technology, DIET-Kharar