DDV 1513

BUILDING TECHNOLOGY’s
ASSIGNMENT
TITLE:INDUSTRIALISE BUILDING SYSTEM (IBS)

LECTURER:
MADAM TUTI HARYATI BINTI JASIMIN

STUDENTS:
• KHAIRUL UMAR HAMZAH BIN AHMAD FAUZI

1DDF (PROPERTY MANAGEMENT)

 CONTENTS

Introduction…………………………………………………….…………………1
Literature review:

Definition………………………………………..……………………..……..…2-3
Application categories…………………………………………….………..…4-5

Development Of Existing Building Uses IBS……………………..………6-9

History of IBS in Malaysia …………………………………………….……..10

Malaysian Government Circular on IBS…………………………………11-12

Advantages and disadvantages of using IBS……………………….….13-14

What should be done to encourage use of IBS………………………….15-16

Pictures……………………………………………………………………..17-18

Examples of IBS components………………………………………..….19-22

Appendix…………………………………………………………………..…23-24

INTRODUCTION.
Industrialise Building System or IBS in short,is a system in which
building components are made in factories, on-site or off site,
transported and then assembled into a structure with a minimum
work.Generally,IBS is implemented to achieve higher productivity
or quality in terms of building construction and reduce
construction defects.

The Malaysian Government is very optimistic and excited to use

this system in the construction industry in the country ini.This is
because most of the developed countries in the world have
adopted this system in their nation building aspects .This system
is proven to save construction costs as well as expedite the
completion of a construction projects.

Use of IBS provides many advantages. But there are still obstacles
that hinder these efforts to develop to a higher level .All the
factors that hinder the wider use of IBS should be investigated
and resolved to ensure the a better future of construction sector.
DEFINITION

IBS is defined as a construction system in which components are

manufactured in a factory, on or off site, positioned and assembled into
structure with minimal additional site work (CIDB, 2003).

Dietz, A.G.H(1971) earlier defined IBS as total integration of all subsystem

and components into overall process fully utilizing industrialized
production,transportation and assembly techniques.

Lessing et al, (2005) defined IBS as an integrated manufacturing and

construction process with well planned organization for efficient
management, preparation and control over resources used, activities and
results supported by the used of highly developed components.

Trikha (1999) defined as a system in which concrete components

prefabricated at site or in factory are assembly to form the structure with
minimum in situ construction.

IBS is also defined as a set of interrelated element that act together to

enable the designated performance of the building (Warszawski, 1999).

Parid Wardi (1997) defined IBS as a system which uses industrialised

production techniques either in the production of components or assembly of
the building or both.

Esa and Nurudin (1998) asserted that IBS is a continuum beginning from
utilizing craftsmen 62 for every aspect of construction to a system that make
use of manufacturing production in order to minimize resource wastage and
enhance value for end users.

Junid (1986), identified IBS as a process by which components of a building

are conceived, planned and fabricated, transported and erected at site. The
system includes a balanced combination between software and hardware
component. The software element include system design, which is a complex
process of studying the requirement of the end user, market analysis and the
development of standardized components.

Perhaps the most comprehensive definition of IBS was clarified by Junid

(1986). He mentioned that an IBS in the construction industry includes the
industrialised process by which components of a building are conceived,
planned, fabricated, transported and erected on site. The system includes a
balanced combination between the software and hardware components. The
software elements include system design, which is a complex process of
studying the requirement of the end user, market analysis, development of
standardised components, establishment of manufacturing and assembly
layout and process, allocation of resources and materials and definition of a
building designer conceptual framework.The software elements provide a
prerequisite to create the conducive environment for industrialised
toexpand.Meanwhile, the hardware elements are categorised into three
major groups. These includes frame or post and beam system, panel system,
and box system. The framed structures are defined as those structure that
carry the loads through their beams and girders to columns and to the
ground whilst in panel system load are distributed through large floor and
wall panels. The box systems include those system that employ three-
dimensional modules (or boxes) for fabrication of habitable units are capable
of withstand load from various directions due to their internal stability.

SOURCE: Kamarul Anuar Mohamad Kamar, Ir. Dr. Zuhairi Abd. Hamid, Mohd
Khairolden Ghani and Ahmad Hazim Rahim,
Construction Research Institute of Malaysia
URL: http://www.mbam.org.my/mbam/images/@IBS%20-%20Current
%20Shortcomings%20And%20The%20Vital%20Role%20(62-65).pdf
APPLICATION CATEGORIES
This section focuses on the classification of IBS published in Malaysia as well
as other parts of the world.

Generally, there are four types of building systems currently available in

Malaysia according to Badir-Razali building system classification (Badir et al.
1998), namely conventional, cast in-situ, prefabricated and composite
building systems is shown in Figure 1.0. Each building system is represented
by its respective construction method which is further characterised by its
construction technology, functional and geometrical configuration. It is
reported that currently at least 22 companies supplying building system in
Malaysia (Badir et al.2002).

Warszawski (1999) asserted that the building system could be classified in

different ways, depending on the particular interest of their users or
producers. Such classification use construction technology as a basis for
classifying different building systems. In this manner four major groups can
be distinguished namely, system with (1)timber, (2)steel, (3)cast in situ
concrete, and (4)precast concrete as their main structural and space
enclosing materials. These systems can be further classified according to the
geometrical configuration of their main framing components as follows
(1)linear or skeleton (beams and columns) system, (2)planar or panel
systems, and (3) three dimensional or box systems.

Majzub (1977) expounded that the relative weight of components should be

used as a basis for building classification. The factor of weight has significant
impact on the transportability of the components and also has influence on
the production method of the components and their erection method on site.
The classification by weight also has the advantage of distinguishing
between the various basic materials used in the production of component
which by itself could determine the characteristic of
the system under study. However, Majzub’s classification method is found to
be inadequate to incorporate other building system flourish recently. One of
the distinct example is the interlocking load bearing blocks which was the
brainchild of a group of researchers in Universiti Putra Malaysia. This new
building system cannot be categorised according to frame, panel or even box
system. On the other hand, the composite system that combines two or
more construction method cannot also be categorised under the Majzub’s
classification. Hence, the classification needs to be updated to reflect the
current technological advancement.
Recently, changes have occurred in the category of application usage is due
to the additional in the IBS.So,there are five main IBS groups identified in
Malaysia, there are :

1) Pre-cast Concrete Framing, Panel and Box Systems – pre-cast columns,

beams, slabs, 3-D components (balconies, staircases,toilets, etc), etc
2) Formwork Systems – tunnel forms, EPS-based forms, beams and columns
moulding forms, permanent steel formworks, etc;
3) Steel Framing Systems – steel beams and columns, portal frames, roof
trusses, etc;
4) Prefabricated Timber Framing Systems – timber frames, roof trusses, etc;
5) Block Work Systems – interlocking concrete masonry units (CMU),
lightweight concrete blocks, etc.

With the advancement of technology and innovation, besides the five main
types, various pre-fabricated materials have entered the market. It includes
gypsum, wood wool, polymer, fiber glass, glass and aluminium based IBS
components.

SOURCE:

Leewp33.tripod.com

URL:http://leewp33.tripod.com/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderfiles/characterist
ic-ibs.pdf
Development Of Existing Building Uses IBS
1. Custom, Immigration & Quarantine Complex, Johor Bahru

Function of Custom, Immigration and Quarantine

Building Complex and Government Offices.

Location Johor Bahru

Precast concrete beams,

IBS
columns and hollow core
System
slabs
Public Works
Owner
Department, Malaysia.

This building uses IBS through the use of precast concrete beams, column and
hollow core slabs.
As is well known, the use of precast concrete beams is better because it is ten
times more powerful than the conventional way using blocks.
In addition, it also prevents water and moisture build inflation.
Consequently, it also continues to maintain the building in warmer and drier
condition.It’s also can last longer.

Columns helps to bear the heavy load of the building in better way.

Hollow core slabs are promising excellent fire resistance and provides the
efficiency of a prestressed member for load capacity,span range,and deflection control.

Sources:

(Precast concrete beams)

www.scribd.com
URL: http://www.scribd.com/doc/18434132/Precast-Concrete

(Columns)
www.chestobooks.com
URL: http://chestofbooks.com/architecture/Building-Trades-Pocketbook/Columns.html

(Hollow Core)
www.strescore.com
URL: http://www.strescore.com/www.strescore.com/Technical_Data_files/PCI%
20Manual% 20for% 20Design% 20of% 20Hollowcore.pdf
Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA), Sepang

Function
of Airport Terminal Building
Building

Location Sepang, Selangor.

IBS
Steel roof structure
System

Owner Malaysia Airport Berhad.

This building uses IBS through the use of steel roof structure.

Steel roof structure is used because it is very strong and stable frame that
is made of steel and is held together with the help of metal connector plates.

Another advantage of steel roof structure is its color and durability; it also
provides good protection for the assets that are using it.

The stability of a roof is a matter of concern because the roof is often the
least accessible part of a building for purposes of repair and renewal, while
its damage or destruction can have serious effects. That’s why steel roof
structure is the best option for our building design to get an extra benefit of
durability.

There are lots of steel roof structure design services providers available in
market and they are providing extraordinary steel roof structure design
services with the help of experienced structural detailers.

Source:
Web:www.articlesbase.com
URL:http://www.articlesbase.com/business-articles/introduction-to-steel-roof-
structure-design-services-1823056.html
Water Sports Complex, Putrajaya

Function
of Water Sport Complex
Building
Precinct 6
Location Promenade,
Putrajaya.
Tubular steel, steel
IBS
decking for the floor
System
system

Perbadanan
Owner
Putrajaya.

This building uses IBS through the use of tubular steel and steel decking for

the floor system.

Tubular steel assembled and located to support exterior undercover as well

as the finished floor system.

Finished subfloor of the structure to be steel plate.

Area between the interior and exterior floors to have mineral fiber insulating

material, securely fastened to the understructure of the finished floor

system.
Steel deck is a cold-formed corrugated steel sheet supported by steel joists.

It is used to support the concrete or insulating membrane of a roof.

The steel deck sheets used for roofs and floors provide support for gravity

loads between the joists and/or beams. Once installed, these sheets can also

be used as a horizontal brace and the steel deck therefore acts as a

diaphragm.

Sources:

Tubular steel

Web:www.cidbldgs.com

URL:http://www.cidbldgs.com/power_control_room_specs.html

Steel deck

Web : www.canaminternational.ws

URL:http://www.canaminternational.ws/www/v4/ecanami.nsf/va_redir/inter_st

eel
History of IBS in Malaysia
IBS began in early 1960s when Ministry of Housing and Local Government of
Malaysia visited several European countries and evaluate their housing
development program. (Thanoon et al, 2003). After their successful visit in
the year 1964, the Government had launched pilot project on IBS to speed
up the delivery time and built affordable and quality houses. Nearly, 22.7
acres of land along Jalan Pekeliling was dedicated to the project comprising
seven blocks of 17-storey flats (3,000 units of low-cost flat and 40 shop lot).
This project was undertaken by Gammon/ Larsen Nielsen using the Danish
System of large panels in a pre-fabricated system.

In 1965, the Government of Malaysia launched a second project, a six block

of 17-storey flats and three blocks of 18-storey flats at Jalan Rifle Range. The
project was awarded to Hochtief/ Chee Seng using French Estoit System
(Din, 1984).

Between 1981 and 1993, PKNS a state Government development agency

acquired pre-cast concrete technologyfrom Praton Haus International based
in Germany to build low-cost houses and high cost bungalows in Selangor
(National IBS Survey, 2003).

Today in the Malaysian construction industry, the use of IBS as a method of

construction is evolving. More local manufacturers have established
themselves in the market. As a result pre-cast, steel frame and other IBS
were used as hybrid construction methods to build national landmarks such
as Bukit Jalil Sport Complex, LRT and Petronas Twin Tower. It was reported
that at least 21 manufactures and suppliers of IBS are actively promoting
their systems in Malaysia. IBS move to the next step of the development
through the establishment of IBS Centre at Jalan Chan Sow Lin, Cheras, Kuala
Lumpur.
The obligation to implement IBS serves both to improve performance and
quality in construction, as well as to minimize dependency on unskilled
foreign labour in the construction market.

Source:
Web: www.mbam.org.my
URL:http://www.mbam.org.my/mbam/images/@IBS%20-%20Current
%20Shortcomings%20And%20The%20Vital%20Role%20(62-65).pdf
 Malaysian Government Circular on IBS

In line with the target of IBS Roadmap 2003-2010, Budget 2005 declared
that all new government building projects are required to have at least 50%
IBS content. In order to attract private clients, the second announcement
was on the levy exemption for housing projects that have minimum IBS
Score of 50%. Since then and boosted by the Construction Industry Master
Plan 2006-2015 and 9th Malaysia Plan 2006-2010, numerous activities have
been executed by the Government.

Two of the latest major initiatives are the release of the Treasury Circular
Letter No. 7 Year 2008 (Surat Pekeliling Perbendaharaan Bil. 7 Tahun 2008)
and the announcement of the Action Plan for IBS Implementation in
Government Projects (Pelan Tindakan Pelaksanaan IBS dalam Projek-Projek
Kerajaan).

It replaces the earlier instruction released on 6th July 2005 by Treasury for
the usage of 50% IBS content in all government projects. Released on 31st
October 2008, the Treasury Circular Letter was issued to all Secretary
Generals, Heads of Federal Department, State Secretaries, Heads of Federal
Statutory Bodies as well as to all local authorities. The essence of the
instruction is the usage of Open Building, MC design and 70% IBS Score for
all projects. Agencies are required to submit periodical reports of IBS project
implementation to ICU which acts as the central monitoring agency.
Exemptions are offered for certain classes of projects and the IBS Centre will
function as the main technical reference centre.
 IBS Roadmap 2003-2010

A masterplan to facilitate the transformation of Malaysian construction sector

was formulated with inputs from industry and endorsed by the cabinet back
in October 2003. Known as the "Industrialised Building Systems (IBS)
Roadmap 2003-2010", the Masterplan is based on the 5-M Strategy
(Manpower / Materials-Components-Machines / Management-Processes-
Methods / Monetary / Marketing) with the target of having an industrialised
construction industry as well as achieving Open Building by the year 2010.
based on the IBS Roadmap 2003-2010, positive impacts from the
fundamental proposal and new Government incentives are:

1. the industry will choose IBS which guarantees better quality, productivity
and safety. in the globalisation era, these are critical factors for the
survival of malaysian construction players
2. the enforcement of using Modular Coordination (MC) through Uniform
Building By Laws (UBBL) will encourage standardisation and
subsequently increase the usage of IBS components. It also encourages
participation from manufacturers and assemblers to enter the market,
thus reducing the price of IBS components. This will create and sustain
new sub-sectors in the manufacturing industry. In essence, MC will
facilitate open industrialisation.
3. a screening and selection programme based on IBS standard
components will ensure that low quality products are not marketed in the
country. This aspect is important to avoid failures in IBS projects; and
4. by reducing wet-trades through IBS, the dependency on foreign workers
will also diminish.
 IBS Consultant Listing Programme
IBS Consultant Listing Programme is a scheme to list all IBS consultants
mainly architect, civil and structural engineers, quantity surveyor,
mechanical and electrical engineers which have involved in IBS projects and
undergone certain IBS courses required. The objective of the listing is to
facilitate the government or private project implementor in commencing IBS
projects. The content of modules and criteria for each listing have been
formulated with cooperation with various professional bodies representatives
and government bodies; Ministry of Work, Architect Board of Malaysia,
Quantity Surveyor Board of Malaysia, Engineers Board of Malaysia,
Pertubuhan Arkitek Malaysia (PAM), Institute of Surveyor Malaysia (ISM),
Institute of Engineers Malaysia (IEM), and The Association of Consulting
Engineers Malaysia (ACEM).

The courses that have to be fullfilled are as follows:

1) IBS 01: Introduction to IBS and MC
2) IBS 02: IBS Score Calculation & Submission
3) IBS 03: Precast Project Planning amd Execution
4) IBS 04: Analysis and Design Precast Concrete Structures
5) IBS 05: Analysis and Design Steel Frame Structures
6) IBS 06: Moodular Coordination Design
7) IBS 07: IBS Procurement System and Contraact Administration

Source:
Web:www.ibscentre.com.my
URL:http://www.ibscentre.com.my/ibsweb/index.php?
option=com_content&view=article&id=23&Itemid=12
ADVANTAGES OF USING IBS.
The main benefits obtained through the use of this system are as follows:

1.High quality

High quality products and a minimum wastage because working in factories

more easily controlled.

2.Less work to do

Elimination of conventional timber formwork and the reduction in the use of

buffer through the use of prefabricated elements or systems of reference for
on-site casting process.

3.Faster construction period

Faster completion due to the introduction of substitute components in-situ

construction.

4.Increase site safety and neatness

Construction site more organized, clean and safe following a reduction of

construction waste, labor and construction materials.

5.Overall total construction cost

Total construction costs are lower due to the benefits achieved from the
above factors.

6.Flexibility

IBS provides flexibility in the design of precast element so that different

systems may produce their own unique prefabrication methods.

Sources:

CIDB FAQ
URL: http://www.cidb.gov.my/v6/?q=ms/faq

www.scribd.com
URL:http://www.scribd.com/doc/28381106/Chapter-2-IBS
DISADVANTAGES OF USING IBS.
The problems usually encountered in the use of IBS are…

1.High initial capital cost

The capital cost of applying IBS in the construction usually high.

2.Problems of joints

Water leakage is often the major problem in building constructed using IBS.

3.Sophisticated plants and skilled operators

IBS components have to be well coordinated and maintained by skilled

operaters.Breakdown in any section would hold up the entire production line.

4.Site accessibility

Site accessibility is one of the most important factors of the implementation

of IBS requires adequate sit accessibility to transport IBS components from
factory to the site.

5.Large working area

Building construction using IBS requires a large working area for the
factory,trailers,tower crane and storage for the IBS components.

Source:

www.scribd.com
URL:http://www.scribd.com/doc/28381106/Chapter-2-IBS
WHAT SHOULD BE DONE TO ENCOURAGE USE OF IBS

1. IBS Development will be led by the GLCs and this will ensure the
participation of Bumiputera entrepreneurs to be given priority in all aspects
of development -
To ensure that the Bumiputera contractors to explore this approach,
including its research and design, preparation of standards, production and
installation.

2. Offers consulting and training services to industry IBS, and also

involved in the development of innovative products.

3. Capital expenditure on the purchase of molds for producing IBS

components given accelerated capital allowance: This measure would reduce
the cost of building components such as columns, beams, walls and
floors. The Government will ensure that the IBS components used to comply
with Malaysian Standard MS 1064. Use of these standards will ensure quality
and to control construction costs. "

4. Incentive tax reduction provided in the form of accelerated capital

allowances and the industry as a whole still needs support in this matter, it
expanded to include all and not devoted to the Bumiputera as in the IBS
Roadmap.

5. Instill the awareness and knowledge of IBS-mostly among the

contractors and generally among the people in the country.This is
compulsory to remove all doubts and misunderstandings of IBS which is
considered as a high risk process and does not provide any benefit to the
owner of the building.

6.Restructuring R&D focus on IBS - The inadequacy of corroborative

scientific research undertaken to substantiate the benefit of IBS system as
mentioned in Thanoon et al. (2003) require a new approach to be taken on
board. A long term and strategic approach of conducting research on IBS
shall be established including strong involvement of universities, companies,
organizations right from the onset of any IBS R&D projects.

7. Improving ICT adoption - Industrialisation processes in construction

method requires accurate and reliable information exchange. As compared
to traditional method, Information Technology (IT) in IBS projects covers wide
and extensive range of processes, for example in customer interfacing,
design, production, monitoring and integration. Extensive use of modern IT
tools supports the different IBS processes by enabling more accurate
documents and hence good conditions for an effective production where
errors are discovered early and problems in the manufacturing and assembly
phases can be avoided (Lessing et al. 2005).
 8. Paradigm shifting on IBS through rebranding - IBS development
in Scandinavian and Japan are well associated high customer focus and
mass-customization. While in the UK, IBS promotes sustainability and
green construction. This is the time for Malaysian construction industry
to re-brand IBS construction. Current effort to brand IBS construction
as cheap and fast construction solution is relatively poor strategy as it
associated IBS with historical failure, poor workmanship and poor
design to customers due to cost reduction mentality. The strategy now
is rather to focus on customer pulls rather than technology push or
cost reduction.

9. Reengineering the role of contractor - IBS implementation requires

contractors to be system integrator and process coordinator managing
process from production line to site. The process demanded new skills
and knowledge such as integration, planning, and monitoring. This is
due to a huge risk of uncoordinated error and tolerance during the
construction tenure of IBS project. Reengineering contractor roles from
traditional practice to IBS is inevitable. The contractors need new
organization set-up, strategic direction and procedure that ‘favorable’
to IBS. Professionals should be train in integration role between design
and product production using relevant IT tools.

Sources:
www.innovacia.com.my
URL:
http://www.innovacia.com.my/download/knowledgesharing/sokongankerajaa
n.pdf

www.cream.com.my
URL: http://www.cream.com.my/publications/whitepapers/Abstract111.pdf
PICTURES

1. 2.

3 4
 5.

Names of the buildings:

1. Custom, Immigration & Quarantine Complex, Johor

Bahru
2. Open University formerly known as JPA, Kuala Lumpur
3. Apartment for Government Staff, Putrajaya
4. Serdang Hospital
5. Government School
EXAMPLES OF IBS COMPONENTS

Columns

Hollow core slabs

Precast concrete beams
Steel roof structure

Steel decking
Precast concrete walls
Roof trusses

Portal frames
 APPENDIX
DEFINITION
Anuar Mohamad Kamar, Ir. Dr. Zuhairi Abd. Hamid, Mohd Khairolden Ghani and Ahmad
Hazim Rahim,
Construction Research Institute of Malaysia
URL: http://www.mbam.org.my/mbam/images/@IBS%20-%20Current
%20Shortcomings%20And%20The%20Vital%20Role%20(62-65).pdf

APPLICATION CATEGORIES
Leewp33.tripod.com

URL:http://leewp33.tripod.com/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderfiles/characteristic-
ibs.pdf

Development Of Existing Building Uses IBS

(Precast concrete beams)
www.scribd.com
URL: http://www.scribd.com/doc/18434132/Precast-Concrete

(Columns)
www.chestobooks.com
URL: http://chestofbooks.com/architecture/Building-Trades-Pocketbook/Columns.html

(Hollow Core)
www.strescore.com
URL: http://www.strescore.com/www.strescore.com/Technical_Data_files/PCI%
20Manual% 20for% 20Design% 20of% 20Hollowcore.pdf

KLIA: Web:www.articlesbase.com

URL:http://www.articlesbase.com/business-articles/introduction-to-steel-roof-

structure-design-services-1823056.html

Putrajaya Water Sport Complex.

Tubular steel

Web:www.cidbldgs.com

URL:http://www.cidbldgs.com/power_control_room_specs.html
Steel deck
Web : www.canaminternational.ws
URL:http://www.canaminternational.ws/www/v4/ecanami.nsf/va_redir/inter_steel

HISTORY OF IBS IN MALAYSIA

Web: www.mbam.org.my
URL:http://www.mbam.org.my/mbam/images/@IBS%20-%20Current
%20Shortcomings%20And%20The%20Vital%20Role%20(62-65).pdf

MALAYSIAN GOV CIRCULAR ON IBS

Web:www.ibscentre.com.my
URL:http://www.ibscentre.com.my/ibsweb/index.php?
option=com_content&view=article&id=23&Itemid=12

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF USING IBS

Advantages: CIDB FAQ
URL: http://www.cidb.gov.my/v6/?q=ms/faq

www.scribd.com
URL:http://www.scribd.com/doc/28381106/Chapter-2-IBS

Disadvantages: www.scribd.com
Link:http://www.scribd.com/doc/28381106/Chapter-2-IBS

WHAT SHOULD BE DONE TO ENCOURAGE THE USING OF IBS

www.innovacia.com.my
URL :http://www.innovacia.com.my/download/knowledgesharing/sokongankerajaan.pdf

www.cream.com.my
URL:http://www.cream.com.my/publications/whitepapers/Abstract111.pdf