2011 Off the Pacific Coast of Tohoku earthquake, Strong Ground Motion

National Research Institute for Earth

Science and Disaster Prevention

2011/3/11 14:46, Depth 24km, M9.0 (JMA)

Peak Ground Acceleration (surface) Peak Ground Velocity (surface)

45˚ 45˚

40˚ 40˚

PGA [gal]
PGV [cm/s]
2000.0 325.00
1000.0
103

166.00
500.0 85.10
35˚ 200.0 35˚ 43.60
22.30
100.0
102

11.40
50.0
20.0 3.00
101

10.0
5.0 0.79
2.0
100

1.0 0.20
0.5 0.05
30˚ K−NET KiK−net Epicenter(JMA) 0.2 30˚ K−NET KiK−net Epicenter(JMA)
0.03

130˚ 135˚ 140˚ 145˚ 130˚ 135˚ 140˚ 145˚

The largest peak ground acceleration among K-NET and KiK-net sites was recorded at MYG004
K-NET station (waveforms displayed below), reaching 2933 gals (3 components vector summation).

MYG004 2011/03/11 14:46:36 Seismic Intensity : 6.67 （JMA intensity 7） MYG00420110311144636.kwin

Acceleration [gal]
NS
2.70e+003

-2.70e+003
Acceleration [gal]
EW
1.27e+003

-1.27e+003
Acceleration [gal]
UD
1.88e+003

-1.88e+003

0 100 200
Time [s]

1
 2011 Off the Pacific Coast of Tohoku earthquake, Strong Ground Motion
National Research Institute for Earth
Science and Disaster Prevention

Comparison of observed values of PGA and PGV with ground motion

empirical attenuation laws (preliminary)

Si & Midorikawa (1999) inter-plate

10 3 10 2

10 2 10 1
PGA [cm/s/s]

PGV [cm/s]

10 1 10 0

10 0 10 -1

10 -1 1 10 -2 1
10 10 2 10 3 10 10 2 10 3
Fault Distance [km] Fault Distance [km]

Peak Ground Acceleration（PGA） Peak Ground Velocity（PGV）

41˚

・PGA and PGV were obtained as the maximum

40˚ values between horizontal components.

・Observed PGV values were corrected to a Vs=600m/s,

by removing the amplification at every station
39˚
from boring information.

※ The Mw8.9 is beyond the range of applicability of the

38˚ empirical attenuation laws (Shi and Midorikawa,1999)

※ The fault model used is preliminary

37˚

36˚

100 km Assumed fault model

35˚
139˚ 140˚ 141˚ 142˚ 143˚ 144˚ 145˚ ２
 2011 Tohoku Chihou Taiheiyou oki earthquake, Strong Ground Motion
National Research Institute for Earth
Science and Disaster Prevention

List of 10 largest Observed Peak Ground Accelerations

Station name PGA JMA intensity※
1 MYG004 2933gal 6.6
2 MYG012 2019gal 6.0
3 IBR003 1845gal 6.4
4 MYG013 1808gal 6.3
5 IBR013 1762gal 6.4
6 FKSH10 1335gal 6.0
7 TCGH16 1305gal 6.5
8 TCG014 1291gal 6.3
9 IBRH11 1224gal 6.2
10 MYGH10 1137gal 6.0
※JMA Instrumental intensity
This list is based on information obtained by March 13, from 276 K-NET and 112 KiK-net sites.

Evolution of intensity values in time

7
Real time Intensity (Methodology by NIED)※

MTG004
6 MYG013
MYG012
MYG002
MYG011
5 MYG003

IBR003
2 IBR013
TCG014
IBR006

MYG004 (6.7)
0 IBR003 (6.5)
IBR013 (6.4)
TCG014 (6.4)
MYG013 (6.4)
MYG012 (6.1)
−1 IBR006 (5.9)
MYG002 (5.7)
※Kunugi et al. (2008) MYG011 (5.6)
MYG003 (5.6)

−2
14:47:00 14:48:00 14:49:00 14:50:00 14:51:00 14:52:00
[14:46:26] [14:52:07]
3
2011 Off the Pacific Coast of Tohoku earthquake, Strong Ground Motion
National Research Institute for Earth
Science and Disaster Prevention

Long Period Ground Motion recorded at K-NET, Chiba station (CHB009)

CHB009 2011/03/11 14:47:09
Velocity [cm/s]
NS
3.71e+001

-3.71e+001
Velocity [cm/s]
EW
2.35e+001

-2.35e+001
Velocity [cm/s]
UD
1.42e+001

-1.42e+001

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

Time [s]

Velocity Response Spectra (5% damping)

Velocity Response Spectra, h=0.05 Velocity Response Spectra, h=0.05

80 80
Sv, EW, cm/s

Sv, NS, cm/s

60 60

40 40

20 20

0 0
-1 0 1 2 -1 0 1 2
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10

Period (sec) Period (sec)

Velocity Response Spectra (1% damping)

Velocity Response Spectra, h=0.01 Velocity Response Spectra, h=0.01
200 200
Sv, EW, cm/s

Sv, NS, cm/s

150 150

100 100

50 50

0 0
-1 0 1 2 -1 0 1 2
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
Period (sec) Period (sec)
4
2011 Off the Pacific Coast of Tohoku earthquake, Strong Ground Motion
National Research Institute for Earth
Science and Disaster Prevention

Long Period Ground Motion recorded at K-NET, Shinjuku station (TKY007)

TKY007 2011/03/11 14:47:09
Velocity [cm/s]
NS
2.44e+001

-2.44e+001
Velocity [cm/s]
EW
2.31e+001

-2.31e+001
Velocity [cm/s]
UD
1.22e+001

-1.22e+001

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

Time [s]

Velocity Response Spectra (5% damping)

Velocity Response Spectra, h=0.05 Velocity Response Spectra, h=0.05

60 60
Sv, EW, cm/s

Sv, NS, cm/s

50 50

40 40

30 30

20 20

10 10

0 0
-1 0 1 2 -1 0 1 2
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10

Period (sec) Period (sec)

Velocity Response Spectra (1% damping)

Velocity Response Spectra, h=0.01 Velocity Response Spectra, h=0.01
120 120
Sv, EW, cm/s

100 100
Sv, NS, cm/s

80 80

60 60

40 40

20 20

0 0
-1 0 1 2 -1 0 1 2
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
Period (sec) Period (sec) 5
 National Research Institute for Earth Science
Characteristics of near-source ground motions and Disaster Prevention

IWTH08 2011/03/11 14:46:48 Seismic Intensity : 4.31

41˚N
114

NS [gal]

The first phase is predominant

-114
IWTH08
IWT019 2011/03/11 14:46:41 Seismic Intensity : 5.41

316
40˚N
IWT019
NS [gal]

IWT016 -316
IWT016 2011/03/11 14:46:39 Seismic Intensity : 4.74

229
IWT009
39˚N NS [gal]

MYG003 -229
IWT009 2011/03/11 14:46:32 Seismic Intensity : 5.47

570

NS [gal]
MYG015
38˚N MYG017
-5.70

Both phases are distinct

MYG003 2011/03/11 14:46:32 Seismic Intensity : 5.55
FKS004
570

NS [gal]
FKS013
-570
37˚N MYG015 2011/03/11 14:46:34 Seismic Intensity : 5.99

IBR001 411

NS [gal]

-411
IBR011
MYG017 2011/03/11 14:46:37 Seismic Intensity : 5.83
36˚N

The second phase is predominant

317

CHB012 NS [gal]

-317
FKS004 2011/03/11 14:46:38 Seismic Intensity : 5.39

35˚N 568

NS [gal]

-568
139˚E 140˚E 141˚E 142˚E FKS013 2011/03/11 14:46:45 Seismic Intensity : 5.34

296
Near-source acceleration waveforms NS [gal]
display two remarkable phases of
ground motion which suggest the -296
existence of a least two areas of large slip. IBR001 2011/03/11 14:47:01 Seismic Intensity : 5.60
The first phase is not visible

In the northern part of the source area the 304

first phase is predominant while in the South NS [gal]

this phase is not visible.
-304
These two phases of ground motion suggest IBR011 2011/03/11 14:47:06 Seismic Intensity : 5.61
large slip areas in the North and South regions
329
respectively.
NS [gal]
The remarkable differences in grow characteristics of
intensity values for the Miyagi and Ibaraki regions indicate -329
they originate from different slip areas. CHB012 2011/03/11 14:47:07 Seismic Intensity : 5.12

212
A small ground motion phase is observed between the two
large distinct phase at some stations (FKS013, FKS004, NS [gal]
MYG017, MYG015).
-212
Other secondary phases are also observed suggesting a very
complex source process
0 100 200 Time [s]
6
Source Process of the 2011 Off the Pacific Coast of Tohoku earthquake
based on Strong Ground Motions (Preliminary)
National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention

○ Fault Model 41˚00'

- Strike：195 degrees
IWTH08
- Dip：13 degrees IWTH01

- Size：510km×210km 40˚00'
IWTH14

IWT018 IWTH21
IWT007
○ Results IWTH04
39˚00'
-M0：3.28×1023Nm（Mw8.9） MYGH04
MYGH12
- Largest slip：23m MYG011
MYG013
This is a preliminary result MYGH08
and it will be updated 38˚00'
FKS004
FKSH19
FKSH09
FKS013
37˚00'
IBR002

IBR007
IBR012

Figure１：Stations used for 36˚00'

inversion (Red: K-NET stations,
Blue: KiK-net borehole stations)
and slip distribution. A red arrow CHB016
displays the epicenter. 35˚00' m
0 5 10 15 20 25

140˚00' 141˚00' 142˚00' 143˚00' 144˚00' 145˚00'

Distance along dip (km)

0
10

50
Depth (km)

20

Figure 2：Slip distribution. 100 30

Contour lines of slip every
5 m are displayed. The 150 40
arrows show the slip
directions and amplitudes 50
200
of the hanging wall. 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500
Distance along strike (km)
m
10 m 0 5 10 15 20 25