SCHEME OF TEACHING AND EXAMINATION

M.TECH. - SIGNAL PROCESSING

II SEMESTER
Teaching hours/week Marks for
Duration
Course Subject Total
Name of the Subject of Exam
Code Code Marks
Lecture Practical Tutorial in Hours I.A. Exam

10LSP21 10EC030 Digital Signal Compression 4 - 2 3 50# 100 150

*
10LSP22 10EC123 Modern Digital Signal Processing 4 2 - 3 50 100 150
Modern Spectral Analysis &
10LSP23 10EC093 4 - 2 3 50# 100 150
Estimation
Real Time Digital Signal
10LSP24 10EC069 4 2 - 3 50* 100 150
Processors

10LSP25 10ECxxx Elective-II (10LSP25x) 4 - 2 3 50# 100 150

10LSP26 10EC921 Mini-Projects -- 3 - -- 50$ -- 50

Project Phase I (6 week Duration) should start between II Semester and III Semester, after availing a vacation of 2 weeks. This will be evaluated
during III semester.

Total 20 07 06 15 300 500 800

*
Practical will be evaluated 25 marks and internal assesment for 25 marks. Lab journals should be maintained.
#
Assignments/seminar will be evaluated for 25 marks and internal assesment for 25 marks. Record of Assignments/seminar should
be maintained.
$
Mini projet should be done individually and is assessed for 25 marks. Seminar on Miniproject will be assessed for 25 marks

ELECTIVE – II
10LSP251 10EC028 Detection & Estimation 10LSP253 10EC048 Medical Imaging

10LSP252 10EC086 Wireless Communication

II – SEMESTER
DIGITAL SIGNAL COMPRESSION

Subject Code : 10EC030 IA Marks : 50

No. of Lecture Hours /week : 04 Exam Hours : 03
Total no. of Lecture Hours : 52 Exam Marks : 100

Introduction: Compression techniques, Modeling & coding, Distortion criteria, Differential Entropy, Rate
Distortion Theory, Vector Spaces, Information theory, Models for sources, Coding – uniquely decodable codes,
Prefix codes, Kraft McMillan Inequality
Quantization: Quantization problem, Uniform Quantizer, Adaptive Quantization, Non-uniform Quantization;
Entropy coded Quantization, Vector Quantization, LBG algorithm, Tree structured VQ, Structured VQ,
Variations of VQ – Gain shape VQ, Mean removed VQ, Classified VQ, Multistage VQ, Adaptive VQ, Trellis
coded quantization

Differential Encoding: Basic algorithm, Prediction in DPCM, Adaptive DPCM, Delta Modulation, Speech
coding – G.726, Image coding.

Transform Coding: Transforms – KLT, DCT, DST, DWHT; Quantization and coding of transform
coefficients, Application to Image compression – JPEG, Application to audio compression.

Sub-band Coding: Filters, Sub-band coding algorithm, Design of filter banks, Perfect reconstruction using two
channel filter banks, M-band QMF filter banks, Poly-phase decomposition, Bit allocation, Speech coding –
G.722, Audio coding – MPEG audio, Image compression.
Wavelet Based Compression: Wavelets, Multiresolution analysis & scaling function, Implementation using
filters, Image compression – EZW, SPIHT, JPEG 2000.

Analysis/Synthesis Schemes: Speech compression – LPC-10, CELP, MELP, Image Compression – Fractal
compression.

Video Compression: Motion compensation, Video signal representation, Algorithms for video conferencing &
videophones – H.261, H. 263, Asymmetric applications – MPEG 1, MPEG 2, MPEG 4, MPEG 7, Packet video.

Lossless Coding: Huffman coding, Adaptive Huffman coding, Golomb codes, Rice codes, Tunstall codes,
Applications of Huffman coding, Arithmetic coding, Algorithm implementation, Applications of Arithmetic
coding, Dictionary techniques – LZ77, LZ78, Applications of LZ78 – JBIG, JBIG2, Predictive coding –
Prediction with partial match, Burrows Wheeler Transform, Applications – CALIC, JPEG-LS, Facsimile coding
– T.4, T.6.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. K. Sayood, “Introduction to Data Compression," Harcourt India Pvt. Ltd. & Morgan Kaufmann
Publishers, 1996.
2. N. Jayant and P. Noll, ―Digital Coding of Waveforms: Principles and Applications to Speech and
Video,” Prentice Hall, USA, 1984.
3. D. Salomon, “Data Compression: The Complete Reference”, Springer, 2000.
4. Z. Li and M.S. Drew, “Fundamentals of Multimedia,” Pearson Education (Asia) Pte. Ltd., 2004.

Modern Digital Signal Procesing

Subject Code : 10EC123 IA Marks : 50

No. of Lecture Hours/Week : 04 Exam Marks : 03
Total No. of Lecture Hours : 52 Exam Hours : 100

Goal of the course – Advances in Digital Signal Processing involve variable sampling rates and thus the
multirate signal processing and hence their applications in communication systems and signal processing. It is
intended to introduce a basic course in multirate signal processing especially meant for students of branches
eligible for M Tech courses in EC related disciplines.

Review of Signals and Systems – Discrete time processing of continuous signals - Structure of a digital filter;
Frequency domain analysis of a digital filter; Quantization error; Sigma and Sigma Delta Modulation. Fourier
Analysis – DFT, DTFT, DFT as an estimate of the DTFT for Spectral estimation. DFT for convolution,
DFT/DCT for compression, FFT. Ideal Vs non ideal filters, FIR and IIR Filters Digital Filter Implementation;
Elementary Operations.

Digital Filters –, State Space realization, Robust implementation of Digital Filters, Robust implementation of
equi – ripple FIR digital filters

Multirate Systems and Signal Processing. Fundamentals – Problems and definitions; Upsampling and
downsampling; Sampling rate conversion by a rational factor;

Multistage implementation of digital filters; Efficient implementation of multirate systems.

DFT filter banks and Transmultiplexers – DFT filter banks, Maximally Decimated DFT filter banks and
Transmultiplexers. Application of transmultiplexers in communications Modulation.
Maximally Decimated Filter banks – Vector spaces, Two Channel Perfect Reconstruction conditions; Design
of PR filters Lattice Implementations of Orthonormal Filter Banks, Applications of Maximally Decimated filter
banks to an audio signal.

Introduction to Time Frequency Expansion; The STFT; The Gabor Transform, The Wavelet Transform; The
Wavelet transform; Recursive Multiresolution Decomposition.

References:
1. Roberto Cristi, “Modern Digital Signal Processing”, Cengage Publishers, India, (erstwhile Thompson
Publications), 2003.
2. S.K. Mitra, “Digital Signal Processing: A Computer Based Approach‖, III Ed, Tata McGraw Hill, India,
2007.
3. E.C. Ifeachor and B W Jarvis, “Digital Signal Processing, a practitioners approach,” II Edition, Pearson
Education, India, 2002 Reprint.
4. Proakis and Manolakis, “Digital Signal Processing”, Prentice Hall 1996 (third edition).

MODERN SPECTRAL ANALYSIS & ESTIMATION

Subject Code : 10EC093 IA Marks : 50

No. of Lecture Hours /week : 04 Exam Hours : 03
Total no. of Lecture Hours : 52 Exam Marks : 100

Basic Concepts: Introduction, Energy Spectral Density of deterministic signals, Power Spectral Density of
random signals, properties of Power Spectral Densities, The Spectral Estimatuion problem, Coherence
Spectrum.

Spectrum Estimation: Introduction, Correlogram method, Periodogram Computation Via FFT, properties of
Periodogram method such as bias analysis, window design considerations. Signals with Rational spectra.
ARMA state – space Equation, sub space Parameter Estimation.

Parametric Methods for line Spectra: Models of sinusoidal Signals in Noise, Non-linear least squares
method. High Order Yule Walker method, Min – Norm Method, ESPRIT Method, Forward – Backward
Estimatuion.

Filter Bank Method: Filter bank Interpretation of the period gram, Refined Filter bank Method, Capon
Method, Filter Bank Reinterpretation of the periodogram.

Optimum Linear Filter : Optimum Signal Estimation, Linear MSE Estimation, Solution of the normal
equations optimum FIR and IIR filters. Inverse filtering and deconvolution.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Stoica and Moses, “Introduction to Spectral Analysis”, PHI, 1997.

2. Monalakis, Ingle and Kogen, “Stastical and Adaptive Signal Procedssing”, Tata McGraw Hill.
2000.

1.

REAL TIME DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING

Subject Code : 10EC069 IA Marks : 50

No. of Lecture Hours /week : 04 Exam Hours : 03
 Total no. of Lecture Hours : 52 Exam Marks : 100

Digital Signal Processing Fundamentals:

Review of DSP Fundamentals; FIR filter design by windowing;

Adaptive filtering techniques; Fourier analysis of signal using FFT;

Introduction to Real time DSP and Moronic DS5630X, Architecture,; I

nstruction set; Addressing modes; Simple 5630X program;

Real time digital FIR filter; Real time LMS adoptive filers; Real time frequency domain processing

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Oppenheim and Schafer: Digital Signal Processing, Prentice Hall, 1975.

2. Philip L Se Leon: Real Time Digital signal processing using the Motorola DSP S63OXEVM, 2002.
3. Proakis J (3: Digital Signal Processor prentice Hall 1996.
4. Samuel Stearns: Digital Signal Processing with ex in MAT lab, CRC Press 2001
ELECTIVE II

DETECTION AND ESTIMATION

Subject Code : 10EC028 IA Marks : 50

No. of Lecture Hours /week : 04 Exam Hours : 03
Total no. of Lecture Hours : 52 Exam Marks : 100

Classical Detection and Estimation Theory: Introduction, simple binary hypothesis tests, M Hypotheses,
estimation theory, composite hypotheses, general Gaussian problem, performance bounds and approximations.

Representations of Random Processes: Introduction, orthogonal representations, random process

characterization, homogenous integral equations and eigen-functions, periodic processes, spectral
decomposition, vector random processes.

Detection of Signals – Estimation of Signal Parameters: Introduction, detection and estimation in white
Gaussian noise, detection and estimation in nonwhite Gaussian noise, signals with unwanted parameters,
multiple channels and multiple parameter estimation.

Estimation of Continuous Waveforms: Introduction, derivation of estimator equations, a lower bound on the
mean-square estimation error, multidimensional waveform estimation, nonrandom waveform estimation.

Linear Estimation: Properties of optimum processors, realizable linear filters, Kalman-Bucy filters,
fundamental role of optimum linear filters.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Harry L. Van Trees, “Detection, Estimation, and Modulation Theory‖, Part I, John Wiley & Sons,
USA, 2001.
2. M.D. Srinath, P.K. Rajasekaran and R. Viswanathan, "Introduction to Statistical Signal Processing
with Applications,” Pearson Education (Asia) Pte. Ltd. /Prentice Hall of India, 2003.
3. Steven M. Kay, "Fundamentals of Statistical Signal Processing," Volume I: "Estimation Theory",
Prentice Hall, USA, 1998;
 4. Steven M. Kay, "Fundamentals of Statistical Signal Processing, "Volume II: "Detection Theory‖,
Prentice Hall, USA, 1998.
5. K Sam Shanmugam, Arthur M Breipohl, “Random Signals: Detection, Estimation and Data
Analysis”, John Wiley & Sons, 1998
WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS

Subject Code : 10EC086 IA Marks : 50

No. of Lecture Hours /week : 04 Exam Hours : 03
Total no. of Lecture Hours : 52 Exam Marks : 100

Radio Propagation: Free space propagation model, Relating power to electric field, reflection, ground
reflection diffraction, scattering, practical link budget design using path loss models, outdoor propagation
models, indoor propagation models, signal penetration into buildings, ray tracking and site specific modeling,
small scale multi-path propagation, impulse response model of a multi-path channel, small scale multi-path
measurements, parameters of mobile multi-path channels, types of small scale fading, Rayleigh and Ricean
distributions, statistical models for multi-path fading channels.

Diversity Techniques: Concepts of Diversity branch and signal paths, Combining and switching methods, C/N,
C/I performance improvements, Average P e, performance improvement, RAKE receiver.
Cellular Concept: Frequency reuse, channel assignment strategies, handoff strategies; interference and system
capacity, trunking and grade of service, improving coverage and capacity in cellular systems. FDMA, TDMA,
spread spectrum multiple access, SDMA, packet Radio, capacity of cellular systems.
Personal Mobile Satellite Communications: Integration of GEO, LEO, and MEO Satellite and Terrestrial
mobile systems, personal satellite Communications programs.
CDMA Systems Implementation: Is-95 System Architecture, Soft Handoff and Power Control in IS-95
CDMA, cdma2000 System. Signal reception: Wireless signaling environment, basic receiver signal processing
for wireless, blind multi-user detection, linear receivers for synchronous CDMA, blind multi-user detection
direct methods, blind multi-user detection subspace methods, performance of blind multi-user detector, subspace
tracking algorithms, blind multi-user detector in multi-path channels.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Theodore S. Rappaport, “Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice,” 2nd edition, Prentice
Hall of India, 2005.
2. Kamilo Feher, "Wireless Digital Communications: Modulation and Spread Spectrum
Techniques,” Prentice Hall of India, 2004.
3. Vijay K. Garg, “IS-95 CDMA and cdma2000,” Pearson Education (Asia) Pte. Ltd, 2004.
4. Xiaodong Wang and Vincent Poor, “Wireless Communication
Systems: Advanced Techniques for Signal Reception,” Pearson
Education (Asia) Pte. Ltd, 2004.

MEDICAL IMAGING

Subject Code : 10EC048 IA Marks : 50

No. of Lecture Hours /week : 04 Exam Hours : 03
Total no. of Lecture Hours : 52 Exam Marks : 100

A number of new, imaging techniques and modalities in imaging area have revolutionized the Medicare In this
Course principles of various imaging modalities are to be discussed

X-Rays: X ray’diagnostjc methods, Conventional x-ray radiography fluoroscopy and angiography computed
tomography: Recent developments in x-ray unit characteristics. Biological effects ionizing radiation
Computed Tomography: Basic principles, system components and truncations of scanning systems, Medical
applications and safety precautions, Discussion on reconstruction algorithms

Ultrasound:. Functional block diagram of basic pulse echo system for diagnostic purposes, A mode, B mode
and M mode principles of echocardiography

Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Basic principles, Signals excitation and detection, Schematic functional
diagram of MRI scanner with its sub systems, Magnet gradient systems, RF transmitter- receiver system,
medical applications, safety precautions.

Radio Nuclide Imaging: Principles, schematic functional diagram and components of gamma, Medical
applications, safety precautions.

Medical Thermography: Basic principles, functional diagram of thermo graphic equipment PET Principles
,Medical applications of microwaves

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Jacob K1ine, “Handbook of Biomedical Engineering”, Academic Press .1998.

2. Kirk Shung, “Principles of medical imagin‖, Academic press
3. Zhong Hicho and Manbir Singh “Fundamentals of Medical imaging” John Wiley, 1993
4. Peter Josefell &Edward Sudney “Nuclear Medicine introductory Text”, William Blackwell
Scientific Publishers London
5. G.T. Herman, “Imaging reconstruction from projections — Implementation and applications”,
Topics in applied physics vol.32 Springer Verlag’ 1979.