saubrebi liberalizmze

_ lex valensa, yvelafers gavake- Tvalsazrisi

Teb, rom qarTveli da poloneli
xalxis megobrobas araferi daemu-
qros. ratom unda
20 ivniss poloneTi axal prezi-
dents irCevs. vis uWers mxars lex
valensa _ bronislav komorovskis
gaviazroT
Tu iaroslav kaCinskis?
me komorovskis vuWer mxars.
Tumca, demokratias Tavisi wesebi
sabWoTa kavSiri
sabWoeTis ukeTesad gaazreba dagvexmareba imaSi, rom
aqvs _ visac xalxi airCevs, pre-
zidentic is iqneba. sinamdvileSi, TanamedroveobaSi warsuli sistemis gavlenebi davinaxoT.
didi sxvaobaa, Tu rogor gamoiyu-
reba kandidati winasaarCevno
giorgi cxadaia
periodSi da gamarjvebis mere. mxo-
lod arCevnebis Semdeg gamoaCenen
xolme rqebs. mogvianebiT gavigebT,
vin rogor gamoadgeba poloneTs.
Cemi azriT, komorovski ukeTesi
kandidaturaa. me mas mivcem xmas.

dRevandeli poloneTi is qveyanaa,

romelzec Tqven komunisturi reJi-
mis dros ocnebobdiT?
ara. sul sxva qveyanaa. Cems revo-
luciamde vinmes rom eTqva, rom am
dros moveswrebodi, ar davujere-
bdi. ar davijerebdi, rom CemTan
stumrad movidoda Jurnalisti
saqarTvelodan. ar davijerebdi,
rom moveswrebodi dros, roca ar
aris komunizmi. me mTel galaqti-
kaSi yvelaze bednieri adamiani
var, rom am dros moveswari. meore
mxriv ki, cxadia, es is evropa da is
msoflio ar aris, rac Cven gvinda.
sam princips gamovyofdi, rome-
lic mTeli msofliosTvis erTiani
da ucvleli unda iyos _ aRar
unda icvlebodes me-20 saukuneSi
saerTaSoriso samarTliT dadgeni-
li sazRvrebi; unda davamarcxoT
Sovinizmi, antisemitizmi, rasizmi;
da, cxadia, araviTari terorizmi
axal msoflioSi. Cven 21-e sauku-
nis Taoba varT. aravis unda
mivceT ufleba, es sami punqti
daarRvios.

esaubra sofo bukia

liberali . ivnisi 2010 . № 35 23

saubrebi liberalizmze

dasavleTSi civi omis periodSi ar- dadebiTi warmodgena sabWoTa eko- genebi arsebobs imaze, Tu rogor
sebobda sabWoTa kavSiris Semswavleli nomikasa da sazogadoebaze. sinamdvi- muSaobda sabWoTa ekonomika, ra pro-
mecniereba, romelsac sovietologia leSi, Tu sabWoTa ekonomikis muSao- blemebi hqonda mas sxvadasxva eko-
erqva. dRes igive disciplinas kre- bis istoriul dinamikas erT mTlian nomikuri reformebis dros. erTi
mlinologias eZaxian. yofil sabWoTa qronologiur CarCoSi ganvixilavT, sityviT, ar xdeba im ekonomikuri
sivrceSi ki sabWoTa kavSiris kvleva SevZlebT imis danaxvas, Tu ra iyo modelis naklovanebebis mTlianobaSi
dRis wesrigSi TiTqmis arasdros da- sistemis SedarebiTi zrdisa da re- aRqma, romelmac kraxi ganicada. te-
mdgara. amis erT-erTi mizezi is iyo, cesiebis mizezebi da ratom gamoiwvia leviziiT dRemde gamigia xolme fra-
rom qarTuli socialuri mecnierebis ekonomikurma krizisma sabWoTa kav- za, rom saxelmwifom „fabrika-qarxne-
mdgomareoba _ SezRuduli materia- Siris daSla. am sakiTxebze mxolod bi“ unda aaSenos. saxelmwifos rolze
luri da adamianuri resursebi SeuZ- folkloruli warmodgenebis qona warmodgenebi jer kidev gulisxmobs
lebels xdida istoriul, politikur xels uwyobs moqalaqeTa naivuri da- sayovelTao ZiZa saxelmwifos arse-
da ekonomikur sakiTxebze seriozu- mokidebulebis waxalisebas saxelmwi- bobas, romelic moqalaqeebs aZlevs
lad diskusias. mecnierebis gulgri- fosa da sazogadoebis rolis mimarT. yvelanair saSualebas imisTvis, rom
lobis kidev erTi mizezi, nawilobriv, dRemde Zalian bundovani warmod- sakuTari Zalisxmeva naklebad ga-
SesaZloa, isic iyo, rom sazogadoeba-
Si am Temis mimarT yovelTvis Cndebo- fataluri Secdomebis ganxilvam mudmivad
da orazrovneba da winaaRmdegobebi.
postsabWoTa qarTuli sazogadoe- unda dagvafiqros imaze, Tu ra unda iyos Cveni
bisTvis ori ukiduresobaa damaxasia- sazogadoebis prioriteti da sad unda velodoT
Tebeli: erTi mxriv, sabWoTa warsul-
ze tabus daweseba da misi ignorireba, safrTxes sazogadoebis ganviTarebisTvis.
rogorc tragediis, romelic male
unda daviviwyoT, meore mxriv, sabWo-
Ta warsulis gaidealeba, masze nos-
talgia da misi dabrunebisTvis Wmunva.
orive SemTxvevaSi problema ukavSir-
deboda istoriuli faqtebis arcod-
nas, politikuri da ekonomikuri Se-
fasebis da am sakiTxze racionaluri
diskusiis naklebobas. orive es ten-
dencia erTnairad uwyobda xels imas,
rom maT safuZvelze iracionaluri
ideologiebi Camoyalibebuliyo.
pirvelis SemTxvevaSi, safuZvlia-
ni niadagi momzadda memarjvene li-
bertarianizmis radikaluri formis
Camosayalibeblad. sabazro kapita-
lizmis es idealizirebuli versia sa-
xelmwifos nebismieri tipis Carevas
bazarSi aRiqvams komunistur, sabWo-
Ta gadmonaSTad da sazogadoebisTvis
damRupvelad afasebs. imisi codna,
Tu rogori iyo sabWoTa ekonomika da
ratom ar SeiZleba saxelmwifos mier
bazarSi yvela saxis Carevis erT si-
brtyeze ganxilva, am sakiTxebze ra-
cionalur debatebs mniSvnelovnad
Seuwyobs xels.
meore tendenciis SemTxvevaSi,
adamianebs aqvT idealizirebulad

24 liberali . ivnisi 2010 . № 35

 saubrebi liberalizmze
moiyenon politikuri da samoqalaqo resursebis gamoyenebiTa da Crdilo-
problemebis gadaWrisas. am SemTxve- vani ekonomikis arsebobiT. es situa-
vaSi, „fabrika-qarxnebis“ amSenebeli cia unikaluri iyo imiTac, rom sxva-
saxelmwifo yovlisSemZle institu- dasxva respublikebs Soris erTgvari
tia, romelic resursebze bunebrivi Sromis danawilebis sqema arsebobda.
limitis miuxedavad, SeZlebs erTi xe- magaliTad, iseTi respublikebi, ro-
lis dakvriT yvela problemis gada- goric saqarTvelo da moldaveTi
Wras. sinamdvileSi, demokratiuli da iyo, Rvinis da alkoholuri sasme-
warmatebuli sazogadoeba efuZneba lebis eqsportze iyo specializire-
moqalaqeTa Soris Zlier samoqalaqo buli, yazaxeTi _ xorblis eqsport-
kavSirebs, warmatebul, qvemodan (da ze, azerbaijani _ navTobis, da a.S.
ara zemodan) inicirebul koleqtiur avtarqiuli anu TviTkmari sabWoTa
qmedebas da socialuri pasuxismge- ekonomikis SenarCuneba sabolood
blobis gaazrebas sazogadoebaSi. SeuZlebeli aRmoCnda, radgan gare
ra Tqma unda, saxelmwifo „fabri- samyarosTan ekonomikuri, kulturu-
ka-qarxnebs“ ver aaSenebs ise, rom li da inteleqtualuri gacvla-ga-
moqalaqeTa imgvar srul dasaqmebas mocvlis gareSe, sistemis resursebi
miaRwios, rogorc es sabWoTa dros male amoiwura.
iyo. aseTi mdgomareoba mxolod im sabWoTa ekonomikis eqstraordi-
eqstraordinarul situaciaSi iyo Se- narul xasiaTze ufro metad sabWo-
saZlebeli, rodesac ramdenime aTeu- Ta sistemis politikuri mxare xdeba
li wlis manZilze sistema SedarebiT xolme kontroversiis mizezi. dRemde
stabilurobas aRwevda, bunebrivi kamaToben imaze, Tu ramdeni adamia-
ni Seiwira reJimis mier ganxorcie-
lebulma represiebma da ramdenad
Seuwyo xeli, ekonomikur krizisTan
erTad, sabWoTa kavSiris daSlas
„glasnostis“ reformebma. poli-
tikuri represiebis, gulagebis da
sakoncentracio banakebis Tema post-
sabWoTa sivrceSi myofi saxelmwifo-
ebis bevri moqalaqisTvis jer kidev
burusiTaa moculi. am politikuri
operaciebis didi gasaidumloebulo-
bis gamo, maT Sesaxeb xSir SemTxvevaSi
detaluri informacia ar moipoveba,
Tumca rac moipoveba, is savsebiT sak-
marisia imisTvis, rom met-naklebad
realurad aRviqvaT, Tu ras warmo-
adgenda politikuri represiebis
manqana. analogiurad, 30-iani wlebis
represiebis Sesaxebac moqalaqeebs
xSirad istoriuli suraTis danaxva
uWirT.
„perestroikis“ dros sityvis Ta-
visuflebam xeli Seuwyo ara mxolod
foto Temo barZimaSvili
sistemis demokratizacias, aramed
„dakarguli warsulis“ gaxsenebas. es
warsuli mtkivneuli da sisxliania,
magram amave dros adamianuri bune-
stalinis muzeumi gorSi bis yvelaze bneli mxareebis arse-
liberali . ivnisi 2010 . № 35
bobis Sesaxeb gvauwyebs. Secdomebi,
romelic 100 da 50 wlis win dauSves,
SesaZloa, dRemde aqtualuri iyos,
radgan maTSi sazogadoebis uunaro-
ba da degradacia Cans. fataluri
Secdomebis ganxilvam mudmivad unda
dagvafiqros imaze, Tu ra unda iyos
Cveni sazogadoebis prioriteti da
sad unda velodoT safrTxes sazoga-
doebis ganviTarebisTvis. adamianebi
dRemde gaucnobiereblad moqmedeben
totalitaruli reJimis mimarT SiSi-
sa da konformizmis CarCoebSi. sabWo-
eTis ukeTesad gaazreba dagvexmareba
imaSi, rom TanamedroveobaSi warsuli
sistemis gavlenebi davinaxoT.
sabWoeTis demistifikaciiis, misi
Seswavlisa da analizisTvis erT-er-
Ti yvelaze mniSvnelovani iniciativa
sabWoTa istoriaze dasavleli avto-
rebis naSromebis da wignebis Targmna
iqneba. axlaxan wavikiTxe amerikeli
istorikosis, ruseTis istoriis cno-
bili eqspertis martin malias wigni
„sabWoTa tragedia: socializmis is-
toria ruseTSi, 1917-1991“ (1994). sa-
mwuxarod, msgavsi wignebi qarTulad
jerjerobiT ar iTargmneba. momaval-
Si imedia, rom am sferoSi mniSvnelo-
vani Zvrebi iqneba. socialur qsel
„feisbuqze“ bolo xanebSi gaixsna
jgufi „sabWoTa warsulis kvlevis
laboratoria“, romlis aRweraSic
vkiTxulobT, rom es aris arasamTa-
vrobo organizacia, romelic dainte-
resebulia sabWoTa periodze zepiri
da dokumenturi informaciis mopo-
vebaSi. aseve, sul axlaxan, fond „Ria
sazogadoeba-saqarTvelos“ dafinan-
sebiT, Jurnalma „cxelma Sokoladma“
daiwyo axali proeqti _ „gansabWoe-
ba“, romelic moicavs saqarTvelos 8
regionSi sabWoTa politikis, sazoga-
doebisa da kulturis Sesaxeb semina-
rebis Catarebas da diskusias.
sabWoTa warsulis kvlevisa da ana-
lizis mcdelobebi ki ar unda Semoi-
farglos mxolod Cem mier zemoT Ca-
moTvlili iniciativebiT da
sazogadoebrivi dainteresebis sag-
nad unda iqces.
25