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Generator:
Almost all the hydraulic turbine-driven generators used are synchronous alternating
current machines, which produce electrical energy by the transformation of the rotational
mechanical energy. The electrical and mechanical design of each generator must confirm
to the electrical requirements of the power distribution system to which it will be
connected, and also to the hydraulic requirements of its specific plant. The electrical
characteristics of the generator used in our design are:
Breakers:
The circuit breakers are used to protect the equipment during the fault condition.
The rated voltage and the breaking current are the parameter that calls for the desired
circuit breaker to be used in the protective scheme of an electrical system. We have used
the vaccum circuit breakers as the generator breakers (synchronizing breaker), SF6 circuit
breakers at the HV side and ACB at the station transformer side. A VCB breaker suffers
from the current chopping phenomenon. So to avoid this we have used the surge arrestor
in parallel with each of its phases.
Transformer:
We have used 3 phase delta / star transformer to step up the voltage from 11 kv to
transmission line voltage i.e. 66 KV. The MVA capacity of the transformer is 7 MVA.
Station transformer of 11/ 0.4 KV delta /star is used to supply power for the auxillaries.
Calculation of resistance grounding
In our Scheme we used the double Transmission line circuit for the power evacuation.
From the standard table of ACSR conductors,
The current carrying capacity of the line is 430 A at 200 C. For reliable operation
and for maintenance purpose, we used parallel feeders and each feeder is capable of
carrying full load current which is 115 A. Also while using double circuit the capacity to
evacuate the power increases.
Line current =
Fig: 1
For the generator capacity of 7.2 MVA and synchronous speed 333 RPM the per unit sub-
transient reactance of the generator selected from the graph below is 22.5%.
Generator Sub-Transient
Transient Reactance
Similarly for the transformer capacity of 8MVA and high voltage winding 33KV the
transformer impedance is selected
lected from the table below as 9.87
9.87%.
Transformer Impedance
With reference to, ACSR conductor table, for Bear conductors, the line reactance is taken
to be 0.220 Ω/km.
Length of the line =50km
Total reactance of the line= 0.220 Ω /km * 50km = 11 Ω
Now, we take,
Base KV (on LV side of transformer) =11 KV
Base KV (on HV side of transformer) =72 KV
Base MVA = 7.2 MVA
Base reactance (on LV side) = (base kv) 2/ base MVA = (11 2 / 7.2)
= 16.8 Ω
Base reactance (on HV side) = (base kv) 2/ base MVA = (72 2 / 7.2)
= 720 Ω
Base Current = = 377.9 A
PU reactance of Transmission line = = 0.01563 pu
2
PU reactance of Transformer (PU new ) = PU old *(Base KV old /Base KV new ) *(Base MVA new /Base MVA
old )
0.225 0.0987
0.021
0.021
0.0987
!
"
! !
!
"
#$
%
%
=0.10633Ω
&
I fault (pu) = ' = 9.403 pu
= 3554 A
Fault MVA = Base MVA / (X pu ) eq =67.713 MVA
Fault at position 2:
H V
0.225 L V 0.0987 0.0105
(X pu ) eq = 0.225 pu
0.225 0.0987
0.021
0.021
! !
!
"
#$
%
%
=0.00763 Ω
Ipu =' = 131.04A
Fault at Position 4:
H V
0.225 LV
0.0987
4
0.021
5
cb5
Xpu = 0.01563 pu
Ipu = (' %"# pu
Fault at Position 6:
0.225 0.0987
0.021
0.225 0.0987
cb5
6
Xpu = ) ) )
23
1 1
*++,-**./0 *++,-**./0 **),
Ipu = #
23
(
Conclusion