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AGRICULTURAL SECTOR
-(ager) means cultura
- Cultivation of fields

3 MAJOR PATTERNS OF AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT

Subsistence farming
-farmers cultivate land and plant crops
primarily to feed the members of their family
 Hunting and gathering
 Migratory farming
 Kaingin
 Fixed cultivation

Modernizing stage
-brought by the increased importance of
commercial production in farming

Modern agriculture
-agricultural processes are specialized and
are characterized by a large portion of the
product being produced for commercial
purposes

IMPORTANCE OF AGRICULTURE
 Source of raw materials
 Consumer of industrial products
 Provides employment
 Dollar earner

LAND TENURE IN THE PHILIPINES

Full owners
-those who own the land which they work on
Part owners

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-farm operators who own part of the land they

work on while they hold the remaining portion
as tenants
Tenants
-farm operators who rent or lease from others
the land they cultivate
 Cash tenants
 Share of produce tenants
 Fixed amount of produce tenants
 Cash and fixed amount
 of produce tenants
 Cash and share produce tenants
 Rent free tenants

Farm managers
-individuals supervise the day-to-day
operations of large farms and receive wages,
a salary, or part of the harvest for their
services

Farm operators
-they operate the farms under the conditions
other that those previously mentioned

PROBLEMS OF AGRICULTURAL SECTOR

 Lack of modern equipment and technology
 Insufficient infrastructures
 Lack of capital
 No concrete program for land ownership
 Low prices
 Competition from foreign products
 Government’s development program

PROBLEMS OF AGRICULTURAL SECTOR

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 The spread of contract growing arrangements

in many parts of the country

POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS TO AGRICULTURAL PROBLEMS

 Impose restriction on foreign agricultural
commodities that enter the country
 Provide infrastructure projects like
warehouses, irrigation system, bridges and
farm to market roads
 Include in the budget allocation and
allotment the essential needs of farmers
 Establish loans to farmers and fishermen
 Implement effectively and efficiently the
agrarian reform law

LAND REFORM VS. AGRARIAN REFORM

BASIC CONCEPTS
Land reform
-refers to the full range of measures that
may or should be taken to improve or remedy
the defects in the relations among men

Agrarian reform
-(de leon)”comprises not only land reform but
also the reform and development of
complementary institutional frameworks such
as the national government created to
undertake land reform, local governments,
rural educational and social welfare
institutions, and voluntary associations,
particularly farmer’s organizations”

SIX-FOLD LAND REFORM PROGRAM OF THE PHILIPPINE

GOVERNMENT:

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 to establish owner-cultivatorship and

make family-sized farms the basis of
Philippines agriculture

 to achieve dignified existence for small

farmers and free them from harmful
institutional restraints and practices

 to establish a social and economic

structure in agriculture conducive to
greater productivity and improved farm
incomes

 to apply all labor laws without

discrimination to both industrial and
agricultural wage earners

 to provide a more systematic land

resettlement and land distribution
program

 to make the small farmer a more

independent, self-reliant and responsible
citizen, and a source of genuine strength
in the society

CARP
COMPREHENSIVE AGRARIAN REFORM PROGRAM
 Initially envisioned covering around 8.2
million hectares of land, regardless of
crops planted and tenure arrangements,
including all public lands considered
alienable and disposable

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o Address the age-old issue of social

injustice arising from the
inequitable distribution of ownership
of agricultural lands
o Founded on the land-to-the-tiller
principle
o Provides for the security of tenureof
landless farmers and team workers
over the land they till
o Provides just compensation for
landowners
o Provides a term limit for land
distribution
o Provides for the delivery of suppor
services to both farmer-beneficiaries
and dispossessed landowners

KEY STRATEGIES OF IMPLEMENTATION

 pursuance of land acquisition and

distribution (LAD) and leasehold
 delivery of support services designed to
build ARB capabilities for group action
and cooperation, improved agribusiness
productivity, access to basic services
and self-reliance
 area focused development
 convergence and complementation among
CARP implementation among CARP
implementing agencies
 creation of a policy environment
conducive to rural agro-industrialization

MAJOR PROGRAM SERVICES AND KEY RESULTS

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 land tenure improvement services

o acquisition and distribution of
agricultural lands to landless farmers
and farm workers
o facilitation of just compensation to
landowners
o resolution of second generation problems

 agrarian justice delivery

o resolution of agrarian law implementation
cases
o resolution of adjudication cases

 support services delivery for program

beneficiaries development
o Establishment of viable agrarian reform
communities (ARCs) and KALAHI -agrarian
reform zones (KARZones)
o Strengthening of the social
infrastructure and ARB capacity building
o development of ARBs into agribusiness
entrepreneurs

 core targets
o land acquisition and distribution of
about 5.28 million hectares of
agricultural lands for DAR a d 3.77
million hectares for DENR
o Launching of 2,000 agrarian reform
communities.

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROGRAM

 phase1
-envisioned coverage of 2.16million hectares
of land under the following programs that
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were started under the previous land reform

law

 phase2
covered 1.1 million hectares of landed
estates, settlements, and private
agricultural lands greater than 50 hectares

 phase3
Covered private agricultural lands less than
24-50 hectares and more than 5-14 hectares

 judging from the status of land distribution,

the objectives of the land reform program are
far from accomplished
 emancipation potent (EP)is the document given
to the tenant upon fulfillment of all the
requirements of the land reform law

 certificate of land ownership award (CLOA) is

a document indicating the farmer was
beneficiary of the program under the
restrictions and conditions provided for in
CARL

 land valuation refers to the process of

knowing the value of the land and how
compensation of the landowner is to be paid

 Land valuation’s 3 major factors:

Comparable market value of sales of the land;
-crop yield of the land based on some
measures of yields in Asia countries; and
-market value based on tax declaration

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 land value(LV) refers to the weighted average

of comparable sales, capitalized net income
and market value based on tax declaration

TRUSTS AND PRIORITIES UNDER THE 2ND PGMA

ADMINISTRATION
 agrarian reform medium-term plan goal and
sectoral trusts
o Medium-term goal
 The implementation of CARP under the
2005-2010 MTDP has been repackaged to
contribute significantly to the
achievement of the president’s
priority agenda
 to “transform the landless farmer and
farm workers into a new class of
responsible, progressive, asset-
owning farmer-rural entrepreneurs,
creating millions of jobs for the
rapidly growing rural labor force,
trail blazing the equitable
distribution of income and
contributing significantly to
national economic growth”
 trusts and priorities
o maintain CARP as a flagship program for
the delivery of social justice and basic
needs through asset reform
 finish, land distribution by 2008
 speed up the resolution of agrarian
reform cases
 Safeguard and sustain the gains
already achieved for CARP

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 lobby and mobilize support for

attendant measures requiring
legislative-executive actions
o transform the ARCs/ARZs into progressive
agribusiness areas to accelerate rural
jobs creation

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