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Domain name system/server is used to translate the IP address into the hostname and hostname
into the IP address. DNS is mostly used on the internet and the networks.

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Dynamic host configuration protocol is used to dynamically assign the IP address to the
networked computers and devices. DHCP is a network protocol that automatically assigns static
and dynamic IP addresses from its own range.

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Router is the most important network device that is used to connect two logically and physically
different networks. Router defines the short possible route for the data to reach its destination. A
router works with built-in intelligent software known as routing table, which helps to determine
the route between the two networks.

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A gateway is software or a hardware that is used to connect the local area network with the
internet. A gateway is a network entrance point and a router usually works as a gateway.

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WLAN or Wireless local area network is simply a type of network that doesn¶t use wired
Ethernet connections for networking. WLAN uses wireless network devices such as wireless
routers etc.

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A subnet mask is used to determine the number of networks and the number of host computers.
Every class of the IP address uses the different range of the subnet mask. Subnet masks allow the
IP based networks to be divided into the sub networks for performance and security purposes.
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MAC address or Media Access control is a unique identifier of a computer device. The MAC
address is provided by the manufacturer of the device. MAC addresses are 12 digital
hexadecimal numbers.

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An IP address is a unique identifier of a computer or network device on the local area network,
WAN or on internet. Every host computer on the internet must have a unique IP address. IP
addresses on the internet are usually assigned by the local ISPs to which users are connected.

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Wi Fi or wireless fidelity is a base band network technology that is used for the wireless data
communication.

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Wi Fi is a next form of the Wi fi. Wi max is a very high speed broadband network technology
that is designed for the corporate offices, roaming and home users.


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The seven layers of the OSI are Application, Presentation, Sessions, Transport, Network, Data
Link and Physical layer.

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Lightweight Directory Access Protocol is used to access the directory services from the Active
directory in Windows operation systems.

What are the standard port numbers for SMTP, POP3, IMAP4, RPC, LDAP, and FTP?

SMTP ± 25, POP3 ± 110, IMAP4 ± 143, RPC ± 135, LDAP, FTP-21, HTTP-80
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IP V6 is a next generation protocol that is used as an expansion of DNS.

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UDP or user datagram protocol is a connectionless protocol that is used to transfer the data
without any error handling.

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A firewall is usually a software program that is installed on the network server or gateway. The
purpose of the firewall is to protect the network resources from the intruders and unauthorized
persons.

What is Virtual Private Network (VPN) and how does it work?

VPN or virtual private network is used to connect two networks by means internet. VPN uses
PPTP (point to point tunneling protocol) and other security procedures to make a secure tunnel
on internet.

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VOIP or voice over internet protocol is a technology that uses IP based networks such as internet
or private networks to transmit the voice communication.

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Bluetooth is a short range wireless technology that uses radio waves for communication. Many
mobile phones, laptops, MP3 players have built in features of the Bluetooth.

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RAS or remote access server allows you to remote dial in through the desktop computers, laptops
and GSM mobile phones.
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Frame relay is high speed data communication technology that operates at the physical and data
link layers of the OSI model. Frame relay uses frames for data transmission in a network.