FOREWORD NASA experience has indicated a need for uniform criteria for the design of space vehicles. ‘Accordingly, criteria are being developed in the following arcas of technology’ Environment Structures Guidance and Control ‘Chemical Propulsion Individual components of this work will be issued as separate monographs as soon as they fare completed. This document, part cf the series on Chemical Propulsion, is one such ‘monograph. A list of all mongraphs issued prior to this one can be found on the final pages of this document, ‘These monographs are to be regarded ss guides to design and not as NASA requirements, except a5 may be specified in formal project specifications. It is expected, however, that ‘these documents, revised as experience may indicate to be desirable, eventually will provide uniform design practices for NASA space vehicles. This monograph, “Solid Rocket Motor Nozzles,” was prepared under the direction of Howard W. Douglass, Chief, Design Criteria Office, Lewis Research Center; project ‘management was by John H. Collins Jr. The monograph was written by Russell A. Elis* of ‘Thiokol Chemical Corporation (Wasatch Division) and was edited by Russell B. Keller, Jr. of Lewis, To assure technical accuracy of this document, scientists and engincers throughout the technical community participated ir interviews, consultations, and critical review of the text. In particular, William G. Haymes of Rocketdyne Solid Rocket Division, Rockwell International Corp.; Richard J. Owen of Chemical Systems Division, United Technologies; and Robert F, H. Woodberry of Hercules, Incorporated individually and collectively reviewed the monograph in detail. Comments concerning the technical content of this monograph will be welcomed by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lewis Research Center (Design Criteria Office), Cleveland, Ohio 44135. June 1975 ‘SCurently with Chemica Syston Dison, United Techaoloie, Sena, California,For sal by the National Tecnical Information Service Springfield, Virginia 22161 Phioe = $5.75GUIDE TO THE USE OF THIS MONOGRAPH The purpose of this monograph is to erganize and present, for effective use in design, the significant experience and knowledge accumulated in development and operational programs to date, It reviews and assess current design practices, and from them establishes firm guidance for'achieving greater consistency in design, increased reliability in the end product, and greater efficiency in the design effort. The monograph is organized into two ‘major sections that are preceded by a brief introduction and complemented by a set of references, ‘The State of the Art, section 2, reviews and discusses the total design problem, and identifies which design elements are involved in successful design, It describes succinctly the current technology pertaining to these elements, When detailed information is required, the best available references are cited. This section serves as a survey of the subject that provides background material and prepares a proper technological base for the Design Criteria and Recommended Practices. ‘The Design Criteria, shown in italics in section 3, state clearly and briefly what rule, guide, limitation, or standard must be imposed on each essential design clement to” assure successful design. The Design Criteria can serve effectively as a checklist of rules for the project manager to use in guiding a design or in assessing its adequacy. ‘The Recommended Practices, also in section 3, state how to satisfy each of the criteria, Whenever possible, the best procedure is described; when this cannot be done concisely, appropriate references are provided. Tke Recommended Practices, in conjunction with the Design Criteria, provide positive guidance to the practicing designer on how to achieve successful design, Both sections have been organized into decimally numbered subsections so that the subjects within similarly numbered subsections correspond from section to section. The format for the Contents displays this continuity of subject in such a way that a particular aspect of design can be followed through both sections as a discrete subject. ‘The design criteria monograph is not intended to be a design handbook, a set of specifications, or a design manual. It is z summary and a systematic ordering of the large and loosely organized body of existing successful design techniques and practices, Its value and. its merit should be judged on how effectively it makes that material available to and useful to the designer.CONTENTS 1, INTRODUCTION: 2. STATE OF THE ART 3. DESIGN CRITERIA and Recommended Practices - APPENDIX A Glossary [APPENDIX B — Conversion of US. Customary Units to SI Units REFERENCES NASA Space Vehicle Design Criteria Monograps Isued to Date IEC ‘STATE OF THE ART. DESIGN REQUIREMENTS AND. ‘CONSTRAINTS au NOZZLE CONFIGURATION AND ‘CONSTRUCTION 22 ‘Aerodynamic Design 221 Entrance 2211 ‘Submerged 22rLt External 22012 Blast Tube 22113 ‘Throat Region 2212 exit 2243 ‘Thermal Design 222 "Throat Insert 2221 ‘Thermal Line and Insulator 2222 Liner Materials 22221 Inglator Materials 22222 Structural and Mechanical Design 223 Basic Nozle Structure 2231 Structural Materials 2232 ‘Adhesives, Sealants, and Seals 2233 B » 108 us a7 ro DESIGN CRITERIA Bu 32 321 3211 S20Lt 32.012 32113 3212 3249 322 5221 3222 32221 32222 323 3231 3232 3233SUBJECT Attached TVC System Movable-Nozale TVC System Nozzle to-Chamber Attachment Nozzle Closure [NOZZLE ANALYSIS. ‘Acrothermal Analysis ‘Thermochemical Analysis ‘Transport Property Analysis ‘Theoretical Aerodynamic Analysis Tnvigid Flow Field ‘Viscous Flow Field Expesimental Aerodynamic Analysis ‘Theoretical Thermal Analyse Heat Transfer, Material Response Expedmental Thermal Analysis Steuetural Analysis NOZZLE QUALITY ASSURANCE STATE OF THE ART 22.34 2235 2236 2237 2 231 2314 2342 2313 2ara1 23132 2ar4 aus 2331 23132 2306 232 2 o 0 n 1s 4284 5235 5236 3237 43 33. 3311 3312 3313 B33. S3U31 S34 3313 33031 33132 338 332 34 103Figure 10 n a LIST OF FIGURES Tite stration of basi note configuration and nozzle nomencature Basic ext configurations “Typlal configurations for aliquid injection system attached to nozzle ‘Basle configurations for lexible jin’ nozzles “Thee possible locations for splitineof a movable nozzle Nozze for orbital boost motor Condor nozte Sidewinder 1€ nozzle Phoenix nozale ‘Nozze for apogte motor, HS303A atelite ae 7 Sparrow nozzle : aan ce Nozte for BESAS motor eee Nozzle for Extended Range ASROC Nozzle for main retro motor on Surreyor [Nozzle fr Polaris AS second stage [Nozzle for Pershing ts stage [Nozale for Minuteman wing VI stage 1 [Nozze for Minuteman wing VI stage I Flxibljoint nozzle for TVC on Poseidon C3 fist stage None for 260 $L3 motor Deployment of combination rolling diaphragm extendible exit cone and fluted expandable ext cone n n a mFigure n B Py 25 a 28 a 32 3 a4 35 36 a 38 Tite Flow chat of nozzle desig sequence showing major iteration loops ‘Throat and entry geometry for external and submerged nozzles ‘Gimbal nozle incorporating lat tbe Regions of separated and potenti flow ina submerged moze (ef. 10) Submerged nozzle designed to locate spline for TVC in epratedslow region Delivered thrust coefficient ofa conical nozale as a function of expansion rato, ext halfangle, and ext length norlized on throat radius Nozzle machined from polyerysalline graphite cylinder Freeto of hacking pit by spnentng the graphite section intorings vee eee ee Provisions for thermal expansion of thoat insert Nozzle incorporating pyrolytic graphite throst ‘Crosssection drawing of nozzle exit showing interface configurations for thermal materials Various methods for tape wrap and layup of reinforced piste parts Large submerged nose with honeycomb ex structane ‘Thee methods for themal protection of exe joint Base methods for attaching nozzle to chamber ‘Types ofmoztlecowures ‘Steps in aerothermal analysis of a nozele 8 En 2 3 38 a 2 ” 3 58 n 2B 1s 7