Aerospace Assignment 4 – George Zhou

1.

a) Laminar:
*Assume steady, incompressible flow
*Assume complete laminar flow
*Assume free-stream conditions (ρ=1.225kg/m^3, µ=1.789*10^(-5)kg/m*s)

U  x 5.2 x 0.664

Re x   lam  C fx 
 Re x Re x
(1.225kg / m3 )(200m / s)(3m) 5.2(3m) 0.664
  
1.789  (105 )kg / m  s (43 106 ) (43 106 )
 43  (106 )  2.38 103 m  1.01 104

1.328
Cf 
Re x
1
1.328 S  (17.5m)(3m) q  U  2
 2
(43 106 )  52.5m2
 24500 N / m2
 2.03 104

D f  q SC f
 260 N

The drag force on one side of the wing is 260N, therefore the total drag force for the top and bottom is
520N.

b) Turbulent:
*Assume steady, incompressible flow
*Assume complete turbulent flow
*Assume free-stream conditions (ρ=1.225kg/m^3, µ=1.789*10^(-5)kg/m*s)
 U  x 0.37 x 0.0592
Re x   lam  C fx 
 Re x 0.2 Re x 0.2
(1.225kg / m3 )(200m / s)(3m) 5.2(3m) 0.664
  
1.789  (105 )kg / m  s 43  (106 )0.2 43  (106 )0.2
 43  (106 )  0.033m  1.76  (103 )

0.074
Cf 
Re x 0.2
1
0.074 S  (17.5m)(3m) q  U  2
 2
(43 106 )0.2  52.5m2
 24500 N / m2
 2.2 103

D f  q SC f
 2263.8 N

The drag force on one side of the wing is 2263.8N, therefore the total drag force for the top and bottom
is 4527.6N.

c) Laminar flow up to Rex = 10^6, then turbulent

*Assume steady, incompressible flow
*Assume complete turbulent and laminar flow within Reynold’s number boundaries
*Assume free-stream conditions (ρ=1.225kg/m^3, µ=1.789*10^(-5)kg/m*s)

U  xcr
Re xcr 

(106 )(1.789  (105 ) kg / m  s)
xcr 
(1.225kg / m3 )(200m / s)
 0.073m
Caculate drag over complete surface (A+B):

0.074
Cf 
Re x 0.2 D f  q SC f
0.074
  (24500 N / m2 )(52.5m2 )(2.2 103 )
(43 106 )0.2
 2263.8 N
 2.2 103

Drag for area A, assuming turbulent flow:

0.074
Cf 
Re xcr 0.2 ( D f ) A  q AC f
0.074
  (24500 N / m2 )(17.5m)(0.073m)(4.66 103 )
(106 )0.2
 145.9 N
 4.66 103

Hence, turbulent drag for area B is:

(D f )B  D f  (D f ) A
 2263.8  145.9
 2118 N

Drag for area A, assuming laminar flow:

1.328
Cf 
Re x ( D f ) A  q AC f
1.328
  (24500 N / m2 )(17.5m)(0.073m)(1.328 103 )
6
(10 )
 41.5 N
 1.328 103

Total drag:

( D f )Total  ( D f ) A  ( D f ) B
 2118  41.5
 2159.5 N

The drag force on one side of the wing is 2159.5N, therefore the total drag force for the top and bottom
is 4319.5N.

2. The assumed airfoil was NACA 65-006:

A Cl of 0.4 was approximated from Appendix D in Flight (John D. Anderson) for 4 angle of attack.
U = 30m/s, L = 140N
 L
Cl 
q S
1
q  U  2 140 N
2 S
551.25 N / m 2 (0.4)
 551.25 N / m 2
 0.63m 2
Therefore the area of the wing is 0.63m^2.
3.
*Assume compressible flow
*Assume standard conditions (γ=1.4)
(Cp)min = -0.9

-140
Testing for Critical Mach Number

-120

-100

-80
Cp

-60

Crital Mach
-40
Number here

-20

0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
Moo
The critical mach number occurs when the minimum pressure coefficient on the surface of the
airfoil is equal to the critical pressure coefficient. In our case, Mcr was found to be ~0.9.

M Cp Cp(min)
0.1 -129.489 -0.90453
0.125 -82.8636 -0.90711
0.15 -57.536 -0.9103
0.2 -32.3523 -0.91856
0.3 -14.364 -0.94346
0.4 -8.06807 -0.98198
0.5 -5.15396 -1.03923
0.6 -3.57098 -1.125
0.7 -2.6165 -1.26025
0.8 -1.99701 -1.5
0.9 -1.57228 -2.06474