04 Rotor Earth Fault Protection

Rotor-Earth-Fault Protection
Requirement for Rotor Earth Fault Protection
Rotor
+
Excitation
Earth fault in the rotor
system
-
Stator
RE CE
⇒ in case of an earth fault, only small currents flow due to the galvanical isolation
Problem:
Double earth faults and interturn faults as a consequence of an earth fault cause:
• magnetical unbalance (unbalanced forces; violent vibration)
• high currents at the fault location
⇒ Destruction of the Rotor (Generator)

Task: Detection an earth fault already when it starts to build up
Copyright © Siemens Australia & NZ 2007. All rights reserved. Siemens. Innovation for generations.
Protection Principle
+ Coupling Voltage
Measuring Source
Unit
Excitation
system
-
„Earthing brush “
Principles:
- Incoupling of an AC voltage (50 Hz or 60 Hz) Higher
- Measuring of the earth fault current Sensitivity
- Measuring of the earth fault resistance
- Incoupling of low frequency square wave voltage
Earth Current Criterion
Principle (50 Hz/60Hz - Voltage Injection)
Connection
on the earthing
L1 L2 L3 brush
>40V
105Ω 4µF
IE,Distr. IE
IE,Fault
If disturbance influence from the excitation is to large Pick-up limit:
IE,Fault > IE,Dist...
0,75H
Coordinated Protection
resonant circuit to fN
Earth Current Measurement
Connection
Connection on the
phase to phase
AC Voltage voltage 7UM6
Source
appr. 42V or 100 V - 125 V AC
65V Also IEE2
at 7UM62
1A3 is
7XR61 1A1
105Ω possible
+ 4A1 2B1 J7
IEE1
J8
Err. 3PP1336 1B3
4B1 1B1
-
105Ω
External resistors
at excitation voltages
> 150 V (circulating current >0,2A)
Documentation for Coupling Device in the Internet

www.siprotec.com
Calculation of the Fault Resistance RE
(50Hz/60Hz- Voltage Injection)
L1 L2 L3
100V 42V u
Digital
protection
(7UM62)
calculation
RV CK of RE
L1) i
RV CK
RE CE
1) Recommended
at static excitation
with inject harmonics
(3rd harm.; 6th harm.)
Calculation Formula of the Fault Resistance RE
Model:
X*K R*V
Zers XE RE ZMess Z
 X E 
2 2
RE X E  RE
(1) Z ers = R * V +
2 2
+ j - X *K -
 2  (2) Z Mess = Re {Z } + j I m {Z}
RE + X E  RE + X E 2 
2
R ⋅ XE
(3) R, = E = RE {Z} - R * V
2 2
RE + X E
2
R ⋅ XE
(4) X , = E2 2
= I m {Z} - X * K
RE + X E
X ,2
2
combining (3) and (4): RE = , + R , =
(- I m {Z } - X * K ) + R {Z } - R *
R R e {Z } - R * V e V
Note: RV* and XK* are measured during commissioning

Injection of Square Wave Voltage with Low Frequency Basic
Diagram
7XR6004 Typical frequency:

1 - 3 Hz
RV
Controlling device
IE
(7XT71)
RV
+
Excitation UH
Ucontrol
- Digital
CE RE Protection
RM Umeas. (7UM62)
RE Fault resistance
RV Coupling resistor
Measuring
UH Auxiliary supply ( ± 50V) transducer
RM Measuring shunt resistor
CE Rotor capacitance
Injection of Square Wave Voltage
Connection Diagram (7UM62)
Connection on the
phase to phase
voltage
7UM62
120 V
100 V
110 V
7
7XT71 9
11
40 kΩ
+ 27 27 K13 +
TD1
Control voltage K14
25
Exc. 7XR6004
17 K15 +
TD2
- Measuring voltage
40 kΩ 15 K16
25
Injection of Square Wave Voltage with Low Frequency
Basic Principle
Equivalent circuit: 50V

UH
RV
2 t
UH - 50V
CE RE
UM
RM UM 1,88V
τ ≈ RV ⋅ CE RE = ∞
2
∆UM ≈ 0
iE t
UM = RM ⋅ iE
RV - 1,88V
= 20kΩ RE ≈ 5kΩ
2 UM
RM = 375 Ω 1
∆UM ~
0,75V RE
UH = ± 50V t
- 0,75V
Sources of Error and Error Compensation
Influence of field voltage and earth fault location
a) Earth fault location b) Jumps in the field voltage
Shifting of measuring voltage with a change in the field voltage takes

a positive or negative dc voltage to jumps in the dc-voltage shifting
UM UM
Udc1
Udc
UM2
UM1 UM2 UM1 UM4 Udc2
UM3
Udc = dc voltage shifting ∆U1 = |UM1 - UM2| ∆ U3 = |UM3 - UM4|

∆ U2 = |UM2 - UM3|
Solution: Solution:
Calculation of the difference voltage Block of measuring
∆ U = |UM1 - UM2| at jumps (e.g. ∆U1 ≠ ∆U2)
Calculation Formulas
RV
UH Voltage divider:
CE RE 2
RM UM RV
+ RE + RM U 
UH 2 R
= RE =  H - 1 RM - V
UM RM  UM  2
Algorithm
UM Filtering:
U1
1 N 1 N
U1 = ∑ 1,i
u ; U 2 = ∑ u 2,i
N i =1 N i =1
U2 Amplitude-log frequency curve: fA = 800 Hz; N = 64
U1 - U 2
UM : = ∆U : = 1
2
G(f)0.1
Continuity supervision: 0.01
Validity requirement 0.001
∆UIK ≈ ∆UIK +1
0 30 60 90 120 150 180210240 270 300
1 8
otherwise ∆U = ∑ ∆Uk f in Hz
8 k =1
Logic Diagram Rotor Earth Fault Protection (1-3Hz)
Rotor Earth Fault Protection (1-3Hz)
Setting Values
Measuring circuit supervision

Advanced parameter
only visible in DIGSI If the integrated test function is used,
pick-up value of test resistor
Connection of the Rotor Earth Fault Protection
EM
(50/60 Hz)
4µF
G RW
RE CE
(1 - 3 Hz)
40kΩ
Ω
a) rotating diodes
L+ (50/60 Hz)
EX-T 4µF
UG RW
L- (1 - 3 Hz)
40kΩ
Ω
b) separate Exciter RE CE
(static excitation)
Generator with Rotating Excitation
Fault Free Condition (Square Wave Principle)
Chance of charge of Disturbances by the

rotor earth capacitance excitation generator
Generator with Rotating Excitation
Test Condition with a Fault Resistor
Fault resistance is inverse proportional to the difference voltage

04 Rotor Earth Fault Protection

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04 Rotor Earth Fault Protection

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Rotor-Earth-Fault Protection

Requirement for Rotor Earth Fault Protection

⇒ Destruction of the Rotor (Generator)

Documentation for Coupling Device in the Internet

Note: RV* and XK* are measured during commissioning

7XR6004 Typical frequency:

Equivalent circuit: 50V

a) Earth fault location b) Jumps in the field voltage

Shifting of measuring voltage with a change in the field voltage takes

Udc = dc voltage shifting ∆U1 = |UM1 - UM2| ∆ U3 = |UM3 - UM4|

Validity requirement 0.001

Measuring circuit supervision

Chance of charge of Disturbances by the

Fault resistance is inverse proportional to the difference voltage

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