Essay: Could new build houses in the UK be carbon negative in terms of embodied CO 2?

Appendix 4. Bill of quantities and CO2 balance for 32 Wentworth Close.

Internal Dimensions External Dimensions Bricks 22 7.5 m2

Ground Floor minus 2.11 2.64 5.57 Footprint 7.26 8.48 61.56 Back wall 8.48 3.08 26.08
47.77 5.38 2.8 15.06 Side wall 10.1 5.33 53.78
76.63 Windows 18.17 Bricks Drive
m2 Doors 8.93
1st Floor 6.71 7.95 53.34 External perimeter37.12 Total External Bricked area 132.62
Internal wall req foundations
17.44
Total 101.12 54.56
Block 6.71 4.8 32.21
Garage 2.78 2.81 7.81 4.38 4.8 21.02
Porch 2.05 2.81 5.76 76 9.8 3.13 4.3 2.4 10.32
Grand Total 114.69 3 4.8 14.4

225 Total Internal wall m2 77.95

Bill of Quantities
Ref: Part / Description Quantity Length Width Depth Material Density (kg m- kg of EE EE CO2 / kg kWh Total CO2 total CO2
(m) 3) material (Material) (Material) material embodied
MJ kg-3 Khr kg-3 in wood

Substructure Filling: Hardcore not 84.29 0.25 21.07 Hardcore 2000 42145.84 0.4 0.11 0.06 4,683 2,360
exceeding 250mm thick
Substructure Filling: Sand blinding 84.29 0.03 2.11 Sand 2240 4720.33 0.1 0.03 0.01 131 24
Substructure In-Situ concrete (Foundations 84.29 0.15 12.64 Concrete 2403 30382.94 0.95 0.26 0.13 8,018 3,950
general)
Substructure In-Situ concrete (Foundations 54.56 0.3 0.5 8.18 Concrete 2403 19666.15 0.95 0.26 0.13 5,190 2,557
wall)
Substructure Layer mesh reinforcement 76.63 0.1 0.01 0.04 Steel 7850 300.77 24.4 6.78 1.77 2,039 532
laid in concrete bed
Substructure Brickwork 54.56 0.11 1 6.14 Brick 1700 10434.6 3 0.83 0.22 8,696 2,296
Substructure Blocks 54.56 0.22 1 11.73 Lightweight 750 8797.8 0.67 0.19 0.07 1,637 651
concrete
Block
Substructure Damp proof membrane (laid 76.63 0 0.04 Polyethylene 950 36.4 76.7 21.31 1.6 776 58
on blinded surface)
Substructure Damp proof course 37.12 0.4 0 0.01 Polyethylene 950 7.05 76.7 21.31 1.6 150 11

Substructure Wall ties (600mm centres) 60 0.7 0 0 steel 7850 1.04 24.4 6.78 1.77 7 2
Substructure Precast concrete door sub- 3 1 0.13 0.14 0.05 concrete 2403 131.2 0.95 0.26 0.13 35 17
cills (granolithic)
External walls Brickwork (60 per m2) 7957.04 0.22 0.11 0.07 12.51 Brick 1700 21266.94 3 0.83 0.22 17,724 4,679
External walls Blocks (10 per m2) 1326.17 0.45 0.22 0.1 12.83 Lightweight 750 9623.05 0.67 0.19 0.07 1,791 712
concrete
Block
External walls Cement for external walls (kg) 2368.17 Cement 1506 2368.17 4.6 1.28 0.83 3,026 1,966

External walls Builders sand for external 11840.84 Builders 2240 11840.84 0.1 0.03 0.01 329 59
walls (kg) sand
External walls Window sills 18.04 0.1 0.03 0.05 PVC-U 1380 74.69 77.2 21.45 2.41 1,602 180
External walls Lintles 25.32 0.36 0.01 0.04 Galvanised 7850 352.83 39 10.83 2.82 3,823 995
steel
External walls Wall ties (600mm centres) 2350 0.7 0 0.01 steel 7850 40.57 24.4 6.78 1.77 275 72
External walls Cavity insulation 132.62 0.08 9.95 mineral wool 23 228.77 16.6 4.61 1.2 1,055 275

Craig Embleton, 0750553, Group 1 (Melissa Taylor), C1 Essay admin@greenfrontier.org Page of .

Essay: Could new build houses in the UK be carbon negative in terms of embodied CO 2?

Appendix 4. Bill of quantities and CO2 balance for 32 Wentworth Close.

Bill of Quantities
Ref: Part / Description Quantity Length Width Depth Material Density (kg m- kg of EE EE CO2 / kg kWh Total CO2 total CO2
(m) 3) material (Material) (Material) material embodied
MJ kg-3 Khr kg-3 in wood

External walls Cavity trays 25.32 0.35 0 0.03 Galvanised 7850 208.72 39 10.83 2.82 2,261 589
steel
External walls Shiplap weather boarding 2.8 0.02 1.4 0.03 PVC-U 1380 40.57 77.2 21.45 2.41 870 98
(measured nett - no
allowance for laps)
Timber Frame (roof structure)
Trussed rafters (house) 14 20.68 0.1 0.04 1.01 Softwood 450 455.99 7.4 2.06 0.45 937 205 836
600mm centres
Timber Frame (roof structure)
Rafters (garage) 14 3.13 0.1 0.04 0.17 Softwood 450 74.93 7.4 2.06 0.45 154 34 137
Timber Frame (roof structure)
Truss plates 196 0.15 0.1 0 0.01 Galvanised 7850 46.16 39 10.83 2.82 500 130
steel
Timber Frame (roof structure)
Wall plates 2 11.17 0.1 0.08 0.17 Softwood 450 75.4 7.4 2.06 0.45 155 34 138
Timber Frame (roof structure)
Diagonal bracing 4 4 0.05 0.03 0.02 Softwood 450 9 7.4 2.06 0.45 19 4 17
Roof Coverings Roofing membrane (house) 2 8.48 4.08 0 0.04 Polypropylen 1163 44.26 93.97 26.1 2.53 1,155 112
e
Roof Coverings Roofing membrane (garage) 1 5.38 3.13 0 0.01 Polypropylen 1163 10.77 93.97 26.1 2.53 281 27
e
Roof Coverings Tiling battens (house) 26 8.4 0.05 0.03 0.27 Softwood 450 122.85 7.4 2.06 0.45 253 55 225
Roof Coverings Tiling battens (garage) 10 5.38 0.05 0.03 0.07 Softwood 450 30.26 7.4 2.06 0.45 62 14 55
Roof Coverings Fascia 16.96 0.25 0.01 0.04 PVC-U 1380 58.51 77.2 21.45 2.41 1,255 141
Roof Coverings Soffit 33.28 0.25 0.01 0.08 PVC-U 1380 114.82 77.2 21.45 2.41 2,462 277
Roof Coverings Bargeboard 22.58 0.25 0.01 0.06 PVC-U 1380 77.9 77.2 21.45 2.41 1,671 188
Roof Coverings Tiles (house) 1560 8.48 8.16 0.01 0.69 Concrete 2403 1662.8 0.95 0.26 0.13 439 216
Roof Coverings Tiles (garage) 380 5.38 3.13 0.01 0.3 Concrete 2403 728.37 0.95 0.26 0.13 192 95
Roof Coverings Ridge tiles 30 8.48 0.03 0.02 0 Concrete 2403 2.02 0.95 0.26 0.13 1 0
Roof Coverings Flashing around chimney 1.88 0.25 0 0 lead? 11340 15.99 25 6.95 1.33 111 21
Roof Coverings Verges 22.58 0.1 0.05 0.11 Cement 1506 170.03 4.6 1.28 0.83 217 141
Roof Coverings Insulation 7.97 6.71 0.2 10.7 Rockwool 23 179.69 16.8 4.67 1.05 839 189
Windows/External Doors Front door 1 2.1 0.9 1.89 PVC-U 0 310 1,782 322
window with
steel
reinforcemen
t, double
glazed.
Windows/External Doors Window (lounge) 1 1.8 1.35 2.43 PVC-U 0 0 310 2,291 414
window with
steel
reinforcemen
t, double
glazed.
Windows/External Doors Window (lounge) 1 2.4 1.35 3.24 PVC-U 0 0 310 3,055 552
window with
steel
reinforcemen
t, double
glazed.

Craig Embleton, 0750553, Group 1 (Melissa Taylor), C1 Essay admin@greenfrontier.org Page of .

Essay: Could new build houses in the UK be carbon negative in terms of embodied CO 2?

Appendix 4. Bill of quantities and CO2 balance for 32 Wentworth Close.

Bill of Quantities
Ref: Part / Description Quantity Length Width Depth Material Density (kg m- kg of EE EE CO2 / kg kWh Total CO2 total CO2
(m) 3) material (Material) (Material) material embodied
MJ kg-3 Khr kg-3 in wood

Windows/External Doors Door (lounge) 1 2.07 0.9 1.86 PVC-U 0 0 310 1,757 317
window with
steel
reinforcemen
t, double
glazed.
Windows/External Doors Window (kitchen) 2 1.2 1.05 2.52 PVC-U 0 0 310 2,376 429
window with
steel
reinforcemen
t, double
glazed.
Windows/External Doors Door (Kitchen) 1 2.1 0.9 1.89 PVC-U 0 0 310 1,782 322
window with
steel
reinforcemen
t, double
glazed.
Windows/External Doors Window (toilet) 1 0.62 0.45 0.28 PVC-U 0 0 310 263 48
window with
steel
reinforcemen
t, double
glazed.
Windows/External Doors Window (garage) 1 1.22 0.62 0.76 PVC-U 0 0 310 713 129
window with
steel
reinforcemen
t, double
glazed.
Windows/External Doors Door (garage) 1 2.45 2.25 0.12 0.66 Plywood 540 357.21 15 4.17 310 1,135 205 655
Windows/External Doors Window (landing) 1 1.2 1.08 1.3 PVC-U 0 0 310 1,222 221
window with
steel
reinforcemen
t, double
glazed.
Windows/External Doors Window (bedroom 1) 1 2.4 1.08 2.59 PVC-U 0 0 310 2,444 441
window with
steel
reinforcemen
t, double
glazed.
Windows/External Doors Window (bedroom 2) 1 2.4 1.05 2.52 PVC-U 0 0 310 2,376 429
window with
steel
reinforcemen
t, double
glazed.

Craig Embleton, 0750553, Group 1 (Melissa Taylor), C1 Essay admin@greenfrontier.org Page of .

Essay: Could new build houses in the UK be carbon negative in terms of embodied CO 2?

Appendix 4. Bill of quantities and CO2 balance for 32 Wentworth Close.

Bill of Quantities
Ref: Part / Description Quantity Length Width Depth Material Density (kg m- kg of EE EE CO2 / kg kWh Total CO2 total CO2
(m) 3) material (Material) (Material) material embodied
MJ kg-3 Khr kg-3 in wood

Windows/External Doors Window (bedroom 3 2 1.2 1.06 2.54 PVC-U 0 0 310 2,399 433
window with
steel
reinforcemen
t, double
glazed.
Windows/External Doors Window (bathroom) 1 1.2 1.05 1.26 PVC-U 0 0 310 1,188 215
window with
steel
reinforcemen
t, double
glazed.
Windows/External Doors Window boards 4 1.2 0.21 0.03 0.03 Wood 530 13.89 7.4 2.06 0.45 29 0 25
Windows/External Doors Window boards 2 2.4 0.21 0.03 0.03 Wood 530 13.89 7.4 2.06 0.45 29 6 25
Internal doors 8 1.98 0.76 0.04 0.42 Softwood 450 189.6 7.4 2.06 0.45 390 85 348
Internal doors 1 1.98 0.6 0.04 0.04 Softwood 450 18.71 7.4 2.06 0.45 38 8 34
Internal doors 1 1.98 0.69 0.04 0.05 Softwood 450 21.36 7.4 2.06 0.45 44 10 39
Internal doors Door furniture 10 Stainless 7850 5.8 56.7 15.75 6.15 91 36
steel
Internal Walls Blocks (m2) 63.37 0.45 0.22 0.1 6.34 Lightweight 750 4752.7 0.67 0.19 0.07 885 352
concrete
Block
Internal walls Cement for Internal walls (kg) 45.26 Cement 1506 45.26 4.6 1.28 0.83 58 38
Internal Walls Builders sand for internal 226.32 Builders 2240 226.32 0.1 0.03 0.01 6 1
walls (kg) sand
1st Floor Floor joist 21 7 0.2 0.05 1.47 Sawn 450 661.5 7.4 2.06 0.45 1,360 298 1,213
softwood
1st Floor Noggin 50 0.2 0.1 0.05 0.05 Wood 530 26.5 7.4 2.06 0.45 54 12 49
1st Floor Flooring 1 7.95 6.71 0.02 0.8 Wood 530 424.09 7.4 2.06 0.45 872 191 778
Wall finishes Render and plaster finish 259.36 0.01 3.37 Render and 1430 4821.43 1.8 0.5 0.12 2,411 579
Plaster
Wall finishes Angle beads 30 2.4 0.03 0 0.01 Galvanised 7850 50.87 39 10.83 2.82 551 143
Steel
Wall finishes Skirting 89.88 0.02 0.08 0.11 Wood 530 57.16 7.4 2.06 0.45 118 26 105
Wall finishes Tiles to Bathroom 5.4 3 1.8 0.01 0.03 Ceramic 2000 54 10 2.78 1.05 150 57
Wall finishes Tiles to Kitchen 1.2 2.6 0.46 0.01 0.01 Ceramic 2000 11.96 10 2.78 1.05 33 13
Wall finishes Tiling grout (in litres) 5.5 0.01 Tiling grout 2000 10.99 30.8 8.56 0 94 0
Ceiling finishes Plasterboard 123.13 0.02 1.85 Plasterboard 950 1754.6 6.75 1.88 0.38 3,290 667
Ceiling finishes Plaster (skim coat) 123.13 0 0.37 Paster (skim) 800 295.51 1.8 0.5 0.12 148 35

Ceiling finishes Coving 40 0.02 0.01 0 Moulded 849 4.08 6.75 1.88 0.38 8 2
plaster
Fittings Kitchen base units 15.82 0.53 0.02 0.13 Chipboard 630 79.25 9.5 2.64 0.51 209 40 145
Fittings Kitchen base unit doors 2.93 0.67 0.02 0.03 Chipboard 630 18.61 9.5 2.64 0.51 49 9 34
Fittings kitchen plinth 3.77 0.1 0.02 0.01 Chipboard 630 3.56 9.5 2.64 0.51 9 2 7
Fittings Kitchen door handles 5.86 0.01 0 0 Stainless 7850 1.66 56.7 15.75 6.15 26 10
steel

Craig Embleton, 0750553, Group 1 (Melissa Taylor), C1 Essay admin@greenfrontier.org Page of .

Essay: Could new build houses in the UK be carbon negative in terms of embodied CO 2?

Appendix 4. Bill of quantities and CO2 balance for 32 Wentworth Close.

Bill of Quantities
Ref: Part / Description Quantity Length Width Depth Material Density (kg m- kg of EE EE CO2 / kg kWh Total CO2 total CO2
(m) 3) material (Material) (Material) material embodied
MJ kg-3 Khr kg-3 in wood

Fittings Kitchen sink 1.37 0.53 Stainless 7850 1 56.7 15.75 6.15 16 6
steel
Fittings Kitchen taps 2 Stainless 7850 0.5 56.7 15.75 6.15 8 3
steel
Fittings Kitchen worktop 4.22 0.53 0.03 0.06 Chipboard 630 39.45 9.5 2.64 0.51 104 20 72
Fittings Kitchen top units 14.41 0.3 0.02 0.06 Chipboard 630 40.85 9.5 2.64 0.51 108 21 75
Fittings Kitchen top unit doors 2.82 0.85 0.02 0.04 Chipboard 630 22.65 9.5 2.64 0.51 60 12 42
Fittings Cupboard in Bathroom 6.2 0.64 0.02 0.06 Chipboard 630 37.5 9.5 2.64 0.51 99 19 69
Staircase Risers 13 0.77 0.2 0.02 0.04 Softwood 450 18.92 7.4 2.06 0.45 39 9 35
Staircase Treads 11 0.77 0.25 0.02 0.04 Softwood 450 20.01 7.4 2.06 0.45 41 9 37
Staircase Balustrade 4 1.4 0.12 0.03 0.02 Softwood 450 7.56 7.4 2.06 0.45 16 3 14
Staircase Handrails 2 1.4 0.07 0.05 0.01 Hardwood 760 6.7 7.4 2.06 0.45 14 3 12
Staircase Strings 7.36 0.25 0.03 0.05 Softwood 450 21.53 7.4 2.06 0.45 44 10 39
Staircase Newels 2 1.3 0.09 0.09 0.02 Softwood 450 9.48 7.4 2.06 0.45 19 4 17
Staircase Balustrade (top) 2 0.84 0.12 0.03 0.01 Softwood 450 2.27 7.4 2.06 0.45 5 1 4
Staircase Handrails (top) 1 0.84 0.07 0.05 0 Hardwood 760 2.01 7.4 2.06 0.45 4 1 4
Staircase Newel (middle) 1 1.33 0.19 0.09 0.02 Softwood 450 9.97 7.4 2.06 0.45 20 4 18
Sanitary installations Bath 1 Fibreglass 0 0 0 0
Sanitary installations Bath framing 1 10 0.05 0.05 0.03 Softwood 450 11.25 7.4 2.06 0.45 23 5 21
Sanitary installations Tap with shower fitting 1 Stainless 7850 0.5 56.7 15.75 6.15 8 3
Ceramic sanitary installations
Ceramic sanitary installations 1 steel
Ceramic 200 29 8.06 1.48 1,611 296

Disposal installations WC outlet bends 2 0.5 0.11 0.1 0 PVC-U 1380 0.94 77.2 21.45 2.41 20 2
Disposal installations Outlet pipework (above 5 0.11 0.11 0 PVC-U 1380 5.83 77.2 21.45 2.41 125 14
ground)
Disposal installations Pipes (above ground) 5 0.04 0.04 0 PVC-U 1380 0.85 77.2 21.45 2.41 18 2
Disposal installations Man hole cover 3 0.71 0.59 0 0 Cast iron 7870 19.78 25 6.95 1.91 137 38
Disposal installations soil pipe 5 0.11 0.11 0 PVC-U 1380 5.83 77.2 21.45 2.41 125 14
Disposal installations House drain 30 0.2 0.19 0.14 Clay 1458 197.12 6.19 1.72 0.45 339 89
Disposal installations Drain access holes 0.5 0.6 0.69 0.02 Lightweight 750 15.53 0.67 0.19 0.07 3 1
concrete
Block
Mechanical installations Incoming cold water supply 21.11 0.02 0.02 0 Copper 8600 9.7 69.02 19.17 3.83 186 37
Mechanical installations Hot water installations 49.2 0.02 0.02 0 Copper 8600 22.6 69.02 19.17 3.83 433 87
Mechanical installations cold water installations 12.6 0.02 0.02 0 Copper 8600 5.79 69.02 19.17 3.83 111 22
Mechanical installations Gas installations 21.25 0.02 0.02 0 Copper 8600 18.52 69.02 19.17 3.83 355 71
Mechanical installations Radiators 6.7 0.01 0.04 Steel 7850 315.38 24.4 6.78 1.77 2,138 558
Rainwater installations Down pipes 12 0.07 0.07 0 PVC-U 1380 5.19 77.2 21.45 2.41 111 13
Rainwater installations Gutters (half round) 22.34 0.07 0.07 0 PVC-U 1380 4.83 77.2 21.45 2.41 104 12
Rainwater installations Stopped ends 6 0.07 0 0 PVC-U 1380 0.05 77.2 21.45 2.41 1 0
Rainwater installations Pipe/fascia brackets 40 0 0.07 0.01 0 PVC-U 1380 0.5 77.2 21.45 2.41 11 1
Rainwater installations Offset bends 3 0.1 0.07 0 0 PVC-U 1380 0.02 77.2 21.45 2.41 0 0
Drive Concrete 13.85 3 0.05 2.08 Concrete 2403 4992.23 0.95 0.26 0.13 1,318 649
Drive Sand 13.85 3 0.01 0.42 Sand 2240 930.72 0.1 0.03 0.01 26 5
Drive Hardcore 13.85 3 0.5 20.78 Hardcore 2000 41550 0.4 0.11 0.06 4,617 2,327

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Essay: Could new build houses in the UK be carbon negative in terms of embodied CO 2?

Appendix 4. Bill of quantities and CO2 balance for 32 Wentworth Close.

Bill of Quantities
Ref: Part / Description Quantity Length Width Depth Material Density (kg m- kg of EE EE CO2 / kg kWh Total CO2 total CO2
(m) 3) material (Material) (Material) material embodied
MJ kg-3 Khr kg-3 in wood

Drive Edging 27.7 0.02 0.09 0.05 Concrete 2403 119.81 0.95 0.26 0.13 32 16
Pedestrian area around 18.5 0.45 0.04 0.33 Concrete 2403 800.2 0.95 0.26 0.13 211 104
house (not patio)
Patio 4.85 2.7 0.04 0.52 Concrete 2403 1258.69 0.95 0.26 0.13 332 164
Total 123,547 35,712 5,324
CO2 Balance 30,388

Source: Anderson, J. et al. (2009), Automation Creations, Inc. (2009), Hammond, G. et al. (2008), and Walker, R. (2009).

Craig Embleton, 0750553, Group 1 (Melissa Taylor), C1 Essay admin@greenfrontier.org Page of .

Essay: Could new build houses in the UK be carbon negative in terms of embodied CO 2?

Appendix 6. Bill of quantities and CO2 balance for Ben Law's house.

Bales 900 450

Ground Floor (inside) Main space 7.65 4.5 34.43 m2
Kitch and Bath 4.95 2.25 11.14 m2 Prickly Nut Wood, Snapelands Copse, Lodsworth, West Sussex
Bed 3.6 3.15 11.34 m2 GU28 9DR
Toilet 4.55 3.15 7.17 m2
Ground Floor (inside) total 64.07
1st floor 7.65 4.5 34.43
1st floor minus 2.77 3.1 8.57
1st Floor Gallery 25.85
Verander 8.55 2.3 23

Grand Total 112.92

Windows total 15.71
Windows glass 11.56
Windows frames 4.15

Bill of Quantities
Ref: Part / Description Quantity Length Width Depth Volume Material Status Location Approx Density kg of EE EE CO2 / kg kWh CO2 total CO2
(m) (m3) distance (kg m-3) material (Material) (Material) material Total (kgs) embodied
(miles) MJ kg-3 Khr kg-3 in
wood/stra
w/paper
(kgs)
Substructure Floor pads 34 0.5 0.5 0.1 0.7 York Stone Slab Reclaimed Local 1 N/A 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0
pub/village
Substructure Cruck pads 8 0.6 0.6 0.2 0.4 York Stone Slab Reclaimed Local 1 N/A 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0
pub/village
Substructure Footings dug out with 14.6 0.5 7.3 None Borrowed Local 1 N/A 0.0 0.0 0 0
digger from the village
village
Substructure Filling. 14.6 0.4 5.9 Sandstone rubble New Local 0.25 1410 8,261.2 1.0 0.3 0.4 2,295 3,304
Transported by
dumper truck from
across the field,
compacted by petrol
wacker
Mechanical Fireplace surround 10 0.5 0.5 0.1 0.2 York Stone Slab Reclaimed Local pub / 1 N/A 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0
installations village

Mechanical Fireplace firebox 66 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 Firebricks Reclaimed N/A 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0
installations
Mechanical Fireplace throat 2 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.0 Pre-cast clay 1700 0.1 3.0 0.8 0.2 0 0 0
installations
Mechanical Fireplace flue 1 3.0 0.0 0.0 Steel 7800 7.4 24.4 6.8 1.8 50 13
installations
Internal walls Internal wall lathes 9.4 2.7 0.1 0.0 0.0 Sweet Chestnut New On site 540 3.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 6
(ground floor)
Internal walls Internal wall lathes 8.4 1.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 Sweet Chestnut New On site 540 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 2
(1st floor)
Internal walls Inside wall plaster 1.3 0.1 0.1 Clay, sand and New On site 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0
(ground floor only) straw
Mechanical Fireplace 2.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 Clay New On site N/A 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0
installations

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Essay: Could new build houses in the UK be carbon negative in terms of embodied CO 2?

Appendix 6. Bill of quantities and CO2 balance for Ben Law's house.

Bill of Quantities
Ref: Part / Description Quantity Length Width Depth Volume Material Status Location Approx Density kg of EE EE CO2 / kg kWh CO2 total CO2
(m) (m3) distance (kg m-3) material (Material) (Material) material Total (kgs) embodied
(miles) MJ kg-3 Khr kg-3 in
wood/stra
w/paper
(kgs)
Mechanical Fireplace frame 2.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 Chicken wire New 7800 0.0 24.4 6.8 1.8 0 0
installations
Mechanical Fireplace frame 5 2.2 0.0 0.0 Sweet Chestnut 540 4.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 8
installations
External walls Straw bale wall 10 tonnes Lime putty Over Butser 20 miles 1350 10,000.0 5.3 1.5 0.7 14,723 7,400
plaster ordered
(by others)
External walls Straw bale sharp 30 tonnes Sharp sand Over Butser 20 miles 2240 30,000.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 833 150
sand ordered
(by others)
External walls Straw bale wall Cow and horse N/A 0.0 0.0 0 0
plaster (1st coat only) hair

External walls Straw bale wall paint Lime wash and 0.0 0 0
natural pigments
External walls Walls 350 0.9 0.5 0.4 49.6 Barley straw bales New Chiddingfo 8 miles 125 6,201.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 7,732
ld
Internal walls Studwork gd flr 32 2.7 0.0 0.1 Sweet Chestnut New On site 540 44.9 0.0 0.0 0 0 82
(400mm centres
approx)
Windows/External Windows glass 11.6 0.0 0.1 Glass New locally 2579 238.4 15.0 4.2 0.9 994 203
doors made
Windows/External Windows frame 4.2 0.1 0.2 larch locally 590 122.5 0.0 0.0 0 0 225
doors made
Windows/External Window beading 28.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 Ash 670 0.7 0.0 0.0 0 0 1
doors
Windows/External Window lintels 15.1 0.2 0.2 0.5 larch 590 320.7 0.0 0.0 0 0 588
doors
Windows/External Window lintels 15.1 0.5 0.0 0.0 chicken wire New 7800 2.1 24.4 6.8 1.8 14 4
doors
External walls Wallbox (buck frame) 50 2.7 0.1 0.1 0.3 Larch New On site 590 199.1 0.0 0.0 0 0 365
External walls Wall breathable 110.3 0.0 0.1 Klober Permaforte New Somerset 950 52.4 83.1 23.1 1.9 1,209 102
membrane (BS40
5DJ)
External walls External cladding 143.3 0.3 0.0 0.5 Oak On site? 720 387.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 710
(waney oak
weatherboards)
External walls Cladding fixings 1200 0.1 0.0 0.0 Stainless steel 7850 3.3 56.7 15.8 6.2 52 20
Timber Frame Main crucks (A 4 14.2 0.2 1.8 Sweet Chestnut New Nearby 540 963.6 0.0 0 0 1,767
frames) wood
Timber Frame A frame 1st floor 4 5.7 0.2 0.4 Sweet Chestnut New Nearby 540 217.6 0.0 0 0 399
support wood
Timber Frame A frame Ground floor 6 5.7 0.2 0.0 0.2 Larch New On site 590 100.9 0.0 0 0 185
support
Timber Frame Ridge pole 1 9.8 0.2 0.3 Sweet Chestnut New On site 540 165.5 0.0 0 0 303

Craig Embleton, 0750553, Group 1 (Melissa Taylor), C1 Essay admin@greenfrontier.org Page of .

Essay: Could new build houses in the UK be carbon negative in terms of embodied CO 2?

Appendix 6. Bill of quantities and CO2 balance for Ben Law's house.

Bill of Quantities
Ref: Part / Description Quantity Length Width Depth Volume Material Status Location Approx Density kg of EE EE CO2 / kg kWh CO2 total CO2
(m) (m3) distance (kg m-3) material (Material) (Material) material Total (kgs) embodied
(miles) MJ kg-3 Khr kg-3 in
wood/stra
w/paper
(kgs)
Timber Frame Support for Ground 3 9.8 0.2 0.9 Sweet Chestnut New On site 540 496.4 0.0 0 0 910
floor joists
Timber Frame Sadle stones (support 6 0.7 0.2 0.1 Sweet Chestnut New On site 540 71.3 0.0 0 0 131
for middle gd fl joist)

Timber Frame Wall posts 8 3.7 0.2 0.5 Sweet Chestnut New On site 540 282.5 0.0 0 0 518
Timber Frame Concave braces 4 0.7 0.1 0.0 Sweet Chestnut New On site 540 11.9 0.0 0 0 22
Timber Frame Wall plates 2 9.8 0.2 0.3 Sweet Chestnut New On site 540 186.1 0.0 0 0 341
Timber Frame Convex wind braces 2 1.0 0.1 0.0 Sweet Chestnut New On site 540 8.5 0.0 0 0 16
(wall post to wall
plate)
Timber Frame Cross braces 4 3.7 0.1 0.2 Sweet Chestnut New On site 540 98.1 0.0 0 0 180
Timber Frame 1st floor joists (full 6 9.8 0.2 1.0 Sweet Chestnut New On site 540 558.4 0.0 0 0 1,024
length)
Timber Frame 1st floor joists (part 12 2.8 0.2 0.6 Sweet Chestnut New On site 540 314.9 0.0 0 0 577
length)
Timber Frame Earth anchors 8 0.8 0.0 0.0 Galvanised steel New East 40 miles 7800 0.1 24.4 6.8 1.8 1 0
Sussex
(BN7 2QJ)
Timber Frame Roof rafters (main 30 4.0 0.2 0.1 2.1 Larch New On site 590 1,251.1 0.0 0 0 2,294
house) at 600mm
centres
Roof coverings Battens (main roof) 20 9.8 0.0 0.0 0.2 larch New On site 590 107.9 0.0 0 0 198
Roof coverings Counter battens 30 4.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 larch New On site 590 66.4 0.0 0 0 122
(main roof)
Roof coverings Lean-to roofs (back) 3.6 2.7 0.0 0.0 Fibreboard New London 55 miles 630 18.4 11.0 3.1 0.6 56 11 34
Onduline corrugated (W8 7AS)
fibreboard
Roof coverings Lean-to roofs (Back 0.5 3.2 2.7 0.0 0.0 Fibreboard New London 55 miles 630 8.0 11.0 3.1 0.6 25 5 15
(wc)) (W8 7AS)
Onduline corrugated
fibreboard
Roof coverings lean-to roof battens 13 3.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 larch New On site 590 22.7 0.0 0 0 42
Roof coverings Main verander roof 40 9.8 0.0 0.1 Sweet Chestnut New On site 540 37.2 0.0 0 0 68
battens
Internal doors Doors 3 2.0 0.9 0.0 0.1 Oak Reclaimed Nearby 720 77.8 0.0 0.0 0 0 143
Windows/External Door 2 2.0 1.8 0.0 0.2 Oak Recycled On site 720 155.5 0.0 0 0 285
doors
Windows/External Timberdura Beeswax and N/A 0.0 0.0 0 0
doors linseed oil
Timber Frame Roof rafter sprocket 30 1.0 0.1 0.2 Sweet Chestnut New On site 540 127.2 0.0 0 0 233
ends
Timber Frame Roof rafters visible at 4 1.0 0.1 0.0 Sweet Chestnut New On site 540 17.0 0.0 0 0 31
gable ends

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Essay: Could new build houses in the UK be carbon negative in terms of embodied CO 2?

Appendix 6. Bill of quantities and CO2 balance for Ben Law's house.

Bill of Quantities
Ref: Part / Description Quantity Length Width Depth Volume Material Status Location Approx Density kg of EE EE CO2 / kg kWh CO2 total CO2
(m) (m3) distance (kg m-3) material (Material) (Material) material Total (kgs) embodied
(miles) MJ kg-3 Khr kg-3 in
wood/stra
w/paper
(kgs)
Timber Frame Roof rafters (leant- 34 5.4 0.1 0.8 Sweet Chestnut New On site 540 452.1 0.0 0 0 829
tos) at 600mm
centres
Timber Frame Roof rafters (back) at 10 3.4 0.2 1.1 0.6 Larch New On site 590 354.5 0.0 0 0 650
600mm centres
Timber Frame Roof noggins 128 0.6 0.2 0.1 1.4 Larch New On site 590 800.7 0.0 0 0 1,468
Timber Frame Roof noggins (lean- 200 0.6 0.2 1.1 1.9 Larch New On site 590 1,146.9 0.0 0 0 2,103
tos)
Timber Frame Pegs (seasoned oak) 100 0.4 0.0 0.0 Oak New On site 720 20.4 0.0 0 0 37
Timber Frame Wedges (seasoned 100 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 Oak New On site 720 3.2 0.0 0 0 6
oak)
Roof coverings Shingles (roof) 8,000 0.3 0.2 0.0 3.0 Sweet Chestnut New Local 540 1,620.0 0.0 0 0 2,970
woodsman
Roof coverings Shingles (roof) 2,000 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.8 Sweet Chestnut New On site 540 405.0 0.0 0 0 743
Roof coverings Shingles (verander) 2,000 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.8 Sweet chestnut New On site 540 405.0 0.0 0 0 743
Roof coverings Shingle fixings 12,150 0.0 0.0 0.0 Copper New 8600 5.5 69.0 19.2 3.8 106 21
Roof coverings Roof ridge seal 9.8 0.5 0.0 0.0 Copper sheeting New 8600 83.9 69.0 19.2 3.8 1,608 321
Roof coverings Roof ridge nail seal 50 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Solder (lead) New 11340 0.0 25.0 6.9 1.3 0 0
Timber Frame Floor joists (ground 14 10.9 0.2 0.1 0.1 Larch 590 48.0 0.0 0 0 88
floor)
Timber Frame Lower side of ground 10.4 4.5 0.0 0.6 Particle board New Kent 95 miles 430 269.8 9.5 2.6 0.5 712 138 495
floor (ME13
Panelvent (non-toxic 9BU)
particle board)
Timber Frame Upper side of ground 10.4 4.5 0.0 1.0 Oak New 720 753.1 0.0 0 0 1,381
floor
Oak tongue and
groove
Timber Frame Lower side of 1st 2 2.3 4.5 0.0 0.2 Particle board New Kent 95 miles 430 89.0 9.5 2.6 0.5 235 45 163
floor (ME13
Panelvent (non-toxic 9BU)
particle board)
Timber Frame Upper side of 1st 2 2.3 4.5 0.0 0.3 Oak New 720 248.4 0.0 0 0 455
floor
Oak tongue and
groove
Timber Frame Floor board fixings 6840 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Cheridised steel New 7800 6.4 24.4 6.8 1.8 43 11
Cheridised Lost head
Steel nails
Timber Frame Fixings for floor and 300 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 Stainless steel New 7850 4.7 56.7 15.8 6.2 74 29
roof joists/rafters
5” stainless steel
annular ring shank
steel nails

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Essay: Could new build houses in the UK be carbon negative in terms of embodied CO 2?

Appendix 6. Bill of quantities and CO2 balance for Ben Law's house.

Bill of Quantities
Ref: Part / Description Quantity Length Width Depth Volume Material Status Location Approx Density kg of EE EE CO2 / kg kWh CO2 total CO2
(m) (m3) distance (kg m-3) material (Material) (Material) material Total (kgs) embodied
(miles) MJ kg-3 Khr kg-3 in
wood/stra
w/paper
(kgs)
Timber Frame Insulation (roof and 90.5 0.0 1.4 Warmcell N/A 50.0 0.0 0 0 25
floors) (Fireproofed
recycled paper)
External walls Bale spikes 425 1.0 0.0 0.2 Sweet Chestnut New On Site 540 112.7 0.0 0 0 207
External walls Bottom bale spikes 50 0.5 0.0 0.0 Steel New Local 7800 1.4 24.4 6.8 1.8 9 2
with plate
External walls Coach screw fixings 100 0.1 0.0 0.0 Steel New 7800 0.7 24.4 6.8 1.8 5 1
for bale plates
Rainwater installations Guttering 42.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 Copper 8600 56.4 69.0 19.2 3.8 1,082 216

Rainwater installations Guttering stop ends 8 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 Copper 8600 0.0 69.0 19.2 3.8 0 0

Rainwater installations Guttering brackets 36 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 Copper 8600 1.4 69.0 19.2 3.8 27 5

Rainwater installations Down pipes 3 2.5 0.1 0.0 0.1 Copper 8600 503.3 69.0 19.2 3.8 9,651 1,928

Rainwater installations Pipe to water tank 1 7.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 PVC-U 1380 75.4 77.2 21.4 2.4 1,617 182

Rainwater installations Water tank 1000 0.0 0 0

gallon
Electrical installations Wind turbines 3 Re-used On site 0.0 0 0
Electrical installations PV cells giving 500 7 Re-used Big 0.0 0 0
Watts Brother
House
Electrical installations Electrics 6 2v batteries Re-used On Site 0.0 0 0
Electrical installations Electric cables Mineral cable 0.0 0 0
(house) (covered in copper)
pyro?
Electrical installations Electric cables Multicore 0.0 0 0
(outside)
Mechanical Hot water (winter) Rayburn Reclaimed 0.0 0.0 0 0
installations
Mechanical Solar hot water panel 1 2.7 1.0 0.0 0.0 Copper (with New 8600 46.4 69.0 19.2 3.8 890 178
installations (Summer heat) polycarbonate
coating)
Mechanical Solar hot water panel 1 2.7 1.0 0.1 0.1 Glass wool and New 0.0 0 0
installations (Summer heat) PIR foam
insulation for panel
Mechanical Suport frame for solar 2 3.5 0.0 0.0 Sweet Chestnut New On site 540 2.7 0.0 0 0 5
installations hot water
Mechanical Pump for solar hot 1 0.0 0 0
installations water
Mechanical Pipe for solar water 4.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Copper 8600 2.3 69.0 19.2 3.8 44 9
installations panel

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Essay: Could new build houses in the UK be carbon negative in terms of embodied CO 2?

Appendix 6. Bill of quantities and CO2 balance for Ben Law's house.

Bill of Quantities
Ref: Part / Description Quantity Length Width Depth Volume Material Status Location Approx Density kg of EE EE CO2 / kg kWh CO2 total CO2
(m) (m3) distance (kg m-3) material (Material) (Material) material Total (kgs) embodied
(miles) MJ kg-3 Khr kg-3 in
wood/stra
w/paper
(kgs)
Mechanical Insulation for copper 4.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 foam 130 1.0 72.1 20.0 3.0 21 3
installations pipe to solar water
panel
Mechanical Insulation for copper 4.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 PVC-U 1380 2.5 77.2 21.4 2.4 53 6
installations pipe to solar water
panel
Mechanical Heat system 1 1.5 0.4 Twin coiled hot 0.0 0 0
installations water cylinder,
header tank
Disposal installations Pipe to Reed Bed 10.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 PVC-U 1380 107.7 77.2 21.4 2.4 2,310 260
Disposal installations Sewage Dry composting 0.0 0.0 0 0
toilet
Mechanical Rayburn chimney flue 1 4.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 Stainless steel Devon 180 miles 7850 2.2 56.7 15.8 6.2 35 14
installations (EX31
3QL)
Windows/External Roof windows 6 0.8 0.7 0.1 Velux Fife (KY7 480 miles 220.0 2,248 406
doors 4ND) or or 120
Nothants miles
(NN15
6XR)
Windows/External Window Boards 4.9 0.5 0.0 0.1 Oak 720 47.6 0.0 0 0 87
doors
Roof coverings Roof waterproof 51.1 0.0 0.2 Membrane New Somerset 0.0 0 0
membrane (all roofs) (BS40
Klober Permaforte 5DJ)
Roof coverings Roof breathable 51.1 0.0 0.1 Membrane New Somerset 0.0 0 0
membrane (all roofs) (BS40
Klober Permaforte 5DJ)
Timber Frame Verander and lean-to posts 26 2.3 0.0 0.0 Sweet Chestnut New On site 540 5.6 0.0 0 0 10
Timber Frame Verander and lean-to cross-bracing
10 1.5 0.0 0.0 Sweet Chestnut New On site 540 1.4 0.0 0 0 3
Roof coverings Porch roof (decorative to hide fibreboard)
75 3.7 0.0 0.2 Sweet Chestnut New On site 540 105.9 0.0 0 0 194
Internal walls Studwork 1st flr 20 1.2 0.0 0.0 Sweet Chestnut New On site 540 12.5 0.0 0 0 23
(400mm centres
approx)
Windows and doors Door furniture 5 Steel 7800 2.0 24.4 6.8 1.8 14 4

Total 41,037 14,991 32,240

CO2 Balance -17,249

Source: Automation Creations, Inc. (2009), Hammond, G. et al. (2008), Law, B (2005), Walker, R. (2009) and Hammond, G. et al. (2008).

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Essay: Could new build houses in the UK be carbon negative in terms of embodied CO 2?

Appendix 8. The Green Guide to Specification CO 2 balance for 32 Wentworth Close compared to best practice.

32 Wentworth Close 'As is' As if best practice standards for embodied energy using new materials As if best practice standards for embodied energy
only including reclaimed materials

House section Area House section details Summary Climate Kg Tonnes total House section details Summary Climate Kg Tonnes House section Summary Climate Kg Tonnes
(m2) rating change embodied embodied rating change embodied total details rating change embodied total
CO2 eq*/m2 CO2 eq* CO2 embodied CO2 eq*/m2 embodied
eq*/m2 CO2 eq* CO2 eq*
External walls 132.6 Brick of stone and blockwork A+ A 70 9.28 Cladding on timber-framed A+ A+ -3 -0.40 As best practice. A+ A+ -3 -0.40
cavity walls. Brickwork outer construction. Pre-treated softwood
leaf, insulation, dense solid weatherboarding, breather
blockwork inner leaf: cement membrane: OSB/3 sheathing, timber
mortar, plaster, paint. frame with insulation, vapour control
layer, plasterboard on timber battens,
paint.
Ground floors 61.6 Solid concrete floor. Screed on E C 110 6.77 Suspended timber ground floors. A+ A+ 0 0.00 As best practice, A+ A+ -2 -0.12
insulation laid on: in situ Tongue and groove softwood boards but with reclaimed
concrete on polyethylene dpm on timber joists with insulation over: floorboards.
laid on blinded virgin aggregate 50 mm fine aggregate on
sub-base. polyethylene dpm laid on sand
blinding.
Windows and 18.2 PVC-U window with steel A D 310 5.63 Durable hardwood window: Double A+ A+ 140 2.54 As best practice. A+ A+ 140 2.54
curtain walling reinforcement, double glazed. glazed, water based stain. (Timber
Window Accreditation Scheme).
Landscaping 41.6 Reinforced concrete laid in situ A B 76 3.16 Cement mortar wet laid UK A A 42 1.75 As best practice, A A 18 0.75
(lightly trafficked (100 mm): over prepared sub- sandstone setts (50mm): over but with reclaimed
areas). base. prepared recycled sub-base. pavers
Internal walls 78.0 Masonary partition. Aircrete A B 34 2.65 Timber studwork: plywood (softwood) A+ A+ -7 -0.55 As best practice. A+ A+ -7 -0.55
blockwork: plaster, paint. unpainted
Roofs 18.2 Pitched Roofs: timber trussed A+ A 52 0.94 Pitched Roofs: timber construction. A+ A+ 6 0.11 As best practice, A+ A+ 1.7 0.03
rafters and joists with Structurally insulated timber panel but with reclaimed
insulation: roofing underlay, system with OSB/3 each side: roofing clay tiles
counterbattens, battens and underlay, counterbattens, battens
concrete interlocking tiles. and photovoltaic roofing tiles.

Landscaping 21.4 Concrete paving flags (35mm). A+ A+ 23 0.49 Concrete paving flags (35mm). A+ A+ 23 0.49 As best practice, A+ A+ -8.7 -0.19
(pedestrian areas). No sub base * Reclaimed clay but with reclaimed
pavers = -8.7 clay pavers
Insulation 41.6 Cavity blown glass wool A+ B 4.2 0.17 Strawboard thermal insulation. C A+ -63 -2.62 As best practice. C A+ -63 -2.62
insulation: density 17 kg/m3
Landscaping 1.7 Hedging* embodied carbon as A+ B 0 0.00 Pre-treated timber: Post and panel A+ A -18 -0.03 Reclaimed fencing. A+ A -57 -0.10
(Boundary zero. fencing.
protection).
Upper floors 53.3 Upper floors. Tongue and A+ A+ -8 -0.43 Upper floors. Tongue and groove A+ A+ -8 -0.43 As best practice, A+ A+ -18 -0.96
groove floorboards on: timber floorboards on: timber joists * but with reclaimed
joists * reclaimed floorboards reclaimed floorboards on timber floorboards.
on timber joists… = -18 joists… = -18

Total 28.68 Total 0.87 Total -1.60

* = equivalent
0.7fence 1
Note 1. - 1 party 1.7
line of 39 metres + back of garden fence line of 11 metres. Estimated to be 2 cm thick. 10 cm * 10 cm posts at 72 cm spacings.

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