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Mr. Scrivener's
Homoeoteleuton
Handbook
Volume 1
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Page 3 of 49
Nomina Sacra
(Abbreviations) used in Uncials
From at least the 2nd century onward, Christian copyists used abbreviations for frequently occurring
sacred names instead of writing them out in full. They would usually just write the first letter and the
last one or two letters, preserving the grammatical case of the word and the sense in which it was used.
Then they would draw a line above the abbreviation to show that it was indeed a Nomina Sacra (Sacred
Name).
The use of Nomina Sacra changes the length of a line, so to reconstruct the layout of the original
master-copy in our examples, we have often had to re-insert the Nomina Sacra into the text as it must
have been written some 1,500 years ago in the lost master-copy.
The following samples are taken from Tischendorf's Prolegomena (8th ed.) Ed. Gregory/Abbot, (1869)
p. 341-2:
Page 4 of 49
Nomina Sacra
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Dr. Hurtado has offered up on the net the list below, more organized and succinct, but with less of the
rarer cases shown.
Page 6 of 49
( ) - round brackets: Witnesses which show only minor differences are noted in
parentheses along with the witnesses for the main variant.
B* - A raised asterisk identifies the original reading when a later correction/alteration
was made to the manuscript.
+– These signs are used in place of add. [adds] and om. [omits]
(L 2,7) - A parenthetical reference to a parallel passage in NT.
a. = ante, before
al = alii: some MSS (more than pc), other than those explicitly mentioned
bis = twice; two similar words and their variant(s) marked by the same critical sign.
ex itac. = ex itacismo, by itacism, the substitution of letters with the same sound
ex lat? = ex versione latina?: from a Latin reading (?).
p. = post, after
Page 8 of 49
(51) John 19:16 (both) B not א om. om. om. om. om. om.
.
Acts: - 7 Identified Cases
Verse Error Source WH UBS NAS NIV RSV NIV/10
(52) Acts 2:30 (h.t/a.) אABC (D) om. om. om. om. om. om.
(53) Acts 15:24 (h.t/a.) אABD P33,74 om. om. om. om. om. om.
(54) Acts 15:32-5 (h.t/a.) אABE P74 om. om. om. om. om. om.
(55) Acts 20:15 (h.t/a.) אABC P74 om. om. om. om. om. om.
(56) Acts 21:22 (h.t.) BC* om. om. om. om. om. om.
(57) Acts 22:9 (h.t.) אAB P74 om. om. om. om. om. om.
(58) Act 26:29-31 (h.a.) B etc. om. om. om. om. om. om.
.
Romans: - 7 Identified Cases
Verse Error Source WH UBS NAS NIV RSV NIV/10
(59) Rom. 9:27-9 (h.t.) אB om. om. om. om. om. om.
(60) Rom. 11:6 (h.a.) אcAC P46 not B om. om. om. om/fn om. om.
(61) Rom. 13:9 (h.t/a.) ABD P46 not אom. om. om. om. om. om.
(62) Rom. 14:6 (h.a.) אB (Egypt.) om. om. om. om. om. om.
(63) Rom. 14:21 (h.t.) a
אAC not B om. om. om. om. om. om.
(64) Rom. 15:24 (h.t/a.) ( אBD)? A P46 om. om. om. om. om. om.
(65) Rom. 15:29 (h.t.) *אBCD P46 om. om. om. om. om. om.
Include Verse: ( אcorr.a) Θ Π 0112 0250 family 1, family 13, 28 33 565 700 892 1010 1071 1079
1195 1216 1230 1242 1253 1344 1365 1546 1646 2148 2174 Byz Maj (Majority of continuous MSS)
lect.-333 it-a/aur/c/d/f/ff2/g1/h/l/q Vg Syr-P/H Cop-Bo Goth Arm Eth Geo Diatessaron Origen
Chrysostom
INCLUDE LINE: C, D, W, Δ Θ , f1, f13, 33, Byz Maj (Majority of MSS), Latt, Sy, mae-1, Bo(pt),
[Trg]
OMIT: אB, L, Z, 085, 892*, 1342, 1424, 1675*, pc(14), sa, bopt, mae-2 pc = 4, 5, 36, 75*, 141, 278,
423*, 571, 797, 1093, 1243*, 1403, 1574, 2418*
Page 18 of 49
Include verse 13: K W Δ Π 0107 0138 28 565 700 892 (1009) 1010 1071 1079 1195 1216 1230 1241
1242 (1253) 1365 1546 1646 2148 2174 Byz Maj (Majority of all continuous MSS) (l-76) it-f Syr-
p/h Copt-Bo(mss) Eth. Chrysostom Ps. Chrysos. John-Damascus
Reverse verse 13/14: f13, l-547 it-b//e/ff2/h/l/r1 Vg-Cl Syr-c/Pal(mss) Copt-Bo(mss) Diat. Origen
Hilary Chrysos.(some)
Omit: אB D L Θ f1 33 892(txt) 1344 it-a/sur/d/e/ff1/g1 Vg-ww Syr-pal(mss) Cop-sa/bo(mss) Arm
Geo Origen(gr/lat) Euseb. Jerome Druthmarus
Page 19 of 49
INCLUDE LINE: Δ Θ Φ 0250, f1, 652, f13, 22, 517, 954, 1071, 1243, 1424, 1675, al, it(a, aur, b, c,
h, q), vg(part), Sy-H, mae-1 (not mae-2), Eusebius (add after verse 36:) 983
Lacuna: C, Sy-C
OMIT: א, f13 (2 mss: 174, 828 no addition) ; it: d, f, ff1, ff2, g1, l, vg(part) do not have the
addition, NA27 omits from text.
B marks omission with umlaut: (line 16 B, p. 1275) βαλλοντες κληρον, (36) και καθημενοι..
Page 20 of 49
include both lines: + και συνηλθον προς αυτον (/αυτου[ς]) - A, K, D, Π, f13~, 1009 1010 1071 1195
1216 1230 1242 1365 1546 1646 2148 2174 (1253, 1344), & Maj. of Greek MSS, it f, (q), syr h, Aeth
omit line 6 (only): - και συνηλθον προς αυτον - א, B, L, , 892, 1241, + 13 lectionaries (!)
omit line 5 (only): ( - και προηλθον αυτους ) - D greek, 28, 700 it b
Page 21 of 49
INCLUDE LINE: A (C) K (X) (Θ) Π PSI 28 892 1010 1071 1079 (1195) 1216 1230 1241 1242 1253
1344 1365 1646 2148 2174 (1009 1010c 1546 Lect303,1127c) Byz (Majority of MSS), Lect
(Lectionaries), itf,l,q vgcl (vgww) syrp,h cop(bo) goth aeth Diat. (D) it(a)b d ff2 i (itaur,c,k)
OMIT: ()א, B, L,(W) Δ f 1, f 13, 28* 565 700 syr s, copsa,(bo), arm geo, (Diata-part)
___________________________________________________________________________________
Page 22 of 49
INCLUDE LINE: ... All other Uncials, Byz (all other cursives), Lect (all
Lectionaries), all other versions, all other patristic evidence
The UBS-2 (1968) text doesn't even give notice that they have deleted a line from
the traditional text here, and so the textual evidence must be sought elsewhere (for
instance Tischendorf's 8th ed.). But this section of Mark is so loaded with
duplications of phrase that it is a wonder there were not many more mistakes and
textual variants. The style of prose of the rest supports the inclusion of the phrase.
Page 24 of 49
Include Line: A (D) K X Θ Π (C f1 1079 f13 33 1009) 28 1010 1071 1195 1230 1241 1242 (1253)
1344 1365 1546 2148 2174 Byz Maj (Majority of all continuous MSS) Lect. (l-
10/12/32sm/69/70/80/303/333/374/313/1579) it-a/aur/b/c/d/t/ff2/(i)/q/r1 Vg Syr-P/H Copt-Bo(mss)
Goth Eth Diat. (Cyprian) Augustine.
Omit: אB L W 565 700 892 1216 it-k/l vg(ms) Syr-S/pal copt-Sa/Bo arm geo
Page 25 of 49
INCLUDE LINE: A, 087, f13, 33, 1424, etc. Byz (i.e., Majority text-type, uncials & cursives),
Latin, syrp,h cop(sa,bo), goth, etc.
OMIT: א, B (no umlaut), L, W Δ Θ Ψ f 1, 28* 565 892 1241 1342 2542, pc, syr s, cop(sa,bo),
NOTES: Assorted Latin MSS attempt to harmonize the passage with the LXX and other gospels
without uniformity or success (e.g., Deut. 6:5, Mk 12:30, Lk 10:27, Matt. 22:37). Variants in these
other places are instructive.
Tregelles (1861) brackets it, Hort (1882) adopts Aleph/B without even a note, UBS (1965) follows but
mentions no variant at all. Modern versions follow suit using the UBS text, without apparently even
knowing they have dropped a half-verse.
Page 26 of 49
(eimi/kai) A, 28 267 517 892 954 1071 1424 1675 pc2 (+kurie/rabbi) A, 267
(subst. just [kai] o allos) c, 579
etc.
Lacuna: 33, B: umlaut! (p. 1299 B, line 28) eis mhti egw, o` de. eipen
Page 27 of 49
INCLUDE LINE:
A, C, D, Δ Θ ψ corr., 067, f1, f13, 33, 1424, Byz (Majority of all continuous MSS),
Include Verse 27: K L P Δ Θ Π 0112 0250 family 1, family 13, 28 33 565 700 892 1009 1010 1071
1079 1195 1216 1230 1241 1242 1253 1344 1365 1546 1646 2148 2174 Byz Maj (Majority of
continuous MSS) lect.-10/211/883/1642/ it-aur/c/ff2/l/n/r1 Vg Syr-P/H/Pal Cop-Bo(mss) Goth Arm
Eth Geo Ps.-Hyppolytus(vid) Origen Euseb.Can.(mss) Vigilius(vid)
INCLUDE LINE: A, Δ Θ ψ 0102 33 579 1342, Byz, Maj (Majority of all continuous MSS), ital(d,
f, ff2, l, q), Sy-P, Sy-H, bomss, goth
INCLUDE PART:
(drop: ho diabolos) אc1, D, W, f1, 700, 2542, pc, e, samss, bopt, arm, geo
(only: ho diabolos) aur, b, g1, vgmss Sy-S
INCLUDE LINE:
A, C, D, R, Δ Θ ψ, f13, Maj, Latt, Sy, bomss, goth, [Trg]
Byz, Maj (Majority of all continuous MSS),
D, it, Sy-P, MarcionA
OMIT LINE:
P4 (200 CE), אCorr1, B, L, W, f1, 33, 131, 157, 579, 700, 1241, pc2, Co
PARTIAL LINE:
* א: (+ ballousin), W: (+ ballhtai) pc = 5, 301C,
(P75vid)
Page 31 of 49
INCLUDE LINE:
D, K (Θ) Π ψ, 1079 1242 1546, Byz, Maj (Majority of all continuous MSS), it-aur/a/b/c/e/f/q/r/vg, Syr-
C/P/H, Cop(Bo) Goth Arm Marcion Diat. Ambrose Epiph. Antioch. etc. (1195 1365 2148 2174 f1 f13
l-69)
OMIT LINE:
P45,75 (200-250 CE), אCorr1, B, A, C, L, W, Δ Ξ , 28 33 565 892 1009 1010 1071 (1241) it -l Lect.
Syr-S, Cop-Sa/Bo AEth, Basil Cyril-Jer, Jerome
Page 32 of 49
OMIT LINE:
P75 (200 CE), *א,
it(d)e/i, syrc/s, Copsa/ach, Arm, Marcion, Tertullian.
INCLUDE LINE:
Byz, Maj (Majority of all continuous MSS), A, C, (D), R, W, Δ Θ ψ, f13,(28) 33, 157, 700, 2542,
Lat(aur, f, vg), Sy-S, Sy-C, Sy-P, goth,
Include & ADD Matt. 21:12b: D, L, pc, it, vg(mss), Sy-H**, arm
OMIT LINE:
אB, L, f1, 22, 579, 1241, pc, Sy-Pal, Co, geo, arabMS
(B: no umlaut)
Page 34 of 49
INCLUDE LINE:
A, D, K, W, (X), Δ Π ψ, 063, f13, 28 565 700 (892) 1009 1010 1071 1079 1195 1216 1230 1242 1253
1344 1546 1646 2148 Byz, Maj (Majority of all continuous MSS), Lect, ital-(a)/aur/b/c/d/f/ff2/(i,j)/q/r1,
vulg., Syr-c/s/p/h, Arm Geo, Diatess.-a/i/n
OMIT LINE:
P75, א, B, L, W, T 1241 cop-bo, Cyril,
(+μοι ) Θ, f1, 1365 Cop-Sa, (Ambrose?)
Page 35 of 49
INCLUDE LINE:
A, D, K, P, W, X, Δ Θ Π ψ, 063 0250 f1, f13,
28 565 700 892 1009 1010 1071 1079 1195 1216 1230 1242 (1253) 1344 1365 1546 1646 2148 2174
Byz, Maj (Majority of all continuous MSS), Lect, ital-c/d/f, Syr-(c/s)/p/h, Copt-Bo(MSS), AEthiop,
Arm, Geo, Diatess. etc.
OMIT LINE:
P75, א, B, L, 0124 1241, l-241, Ital-a/aur/b/e/ff2, vg, Copt-Sa/Bo(mss)
Page 36 of 49
INCLUDE LINE:
K, X, Δ ψ, f1, f13,
28 33 565 700 892 1009 101 1071 1195, 1195-marg, 1230 1241 1242 1253 1344 1365 1546 1646 2148
2174 (1216)
Byz, Maj (Majority of all continuous MSS), Lect, l-185m,
OMIT LINE:
P75, אA, B, D, L, W, 1079
It-d/e, Syr-s, Cop-Sa/Bo(mss),
Clement Origen Euseb. Athan. Epiph. Cyril
Page 37 of 49
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Page 39 of 49
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Page 42 of 49
Omit: P75 A B K L T Pi 0124 892* 1079 1241 1546 l185pt it(a) cop(sa, bo-mss), Diatessaron.
Include: אW X Delta Theta Phi 063 Family 1, Family 13, 28 565 700 1010 1195 (1216 1230 1253
1646 2174 variations) 1242 1365 2148 Byzantine Text (Majority of MSS), Lectionaries, (l70 om.
autos) Italic (sur, b,c,e,f,ff2, l, q, (r1)) Vulgate Syr (p,h) Copt (bo mss) Eusebius, (1009) (892 mg+)
(1071 om autois) 1344 (Arm) Geo, etc.
INCLUDE LINE: (אCorr.2), D, Δ Θ ψ, f13, 1071, Maj, Latin: b, d, e, j, Sy-S, ac2, Bo(mss)
Byz, Maj (Majority of all continuous MSS), 157, 1424 Lect,
OMIT: P28(3rd CE), P66, P75, 01*, A, B, L, N, W, Π, 063, 0141, f1, 33, 565, 579, 1241, al, Lat, Sy-
C, Sy-P, Sy-H/sa/bo(mss), arm, goth
Page 45 of 49
INCLUDE LINE: (אCorr.1), C, L, N, X,ψ, 070, 0141, 0211, 33, 213, 397, 579, 597, 799, 821, 865,
892, 1010, 1071, 1241, 2786, pc19, Sy-P, Sy-H, Sy-Pal, bo, geo2
(omit "και"/"επορευετο"): A, K, Π Δ Θ(Corr), f1, f13, 157, Lat: f/q, goth
Byz, Maj (Majority of all continuous MSS) Lect,
OMIT LINE:
P66/75, *א, B, D, W, Θ*, 849, pc9, Lat, Sy-S, sa, ac2, arm, geo1
B: no umlaut
Page 46 of 49
INCLUDE LINE:
A(corr), X, Δ ψ, 0141, f13, 22(marg), 157, 565, 700, 1071, 1424,
Byz, Maj (Majority of all continuous MSS)
Lat, Sy-P, Sy-H, goth, [Trgmg]
OMIT LINE:
P45, P66, P75, א, A*, B, D, L, W, Θ, 0211, f1, 22*, 33,
579, 1241, al, L253, d, e, Sy-S, Sy-Pal, Co, aeth, arm
INCLUDE LINE:
(אCorr.2), A, C(Corr.), K, Δ Θ ψ, f13, 33, 157, 565, 700, 1241, 1424, Maj (Majority of all
continuous MSS)
Lat(aur(C), e, f, ff2(C), q, r1, vg), Sy-P, sa, bo(pt), goth, Or(Lem), Nestle/Aland-25th ed.
OMIT LINE: P66, *א, B, C*, D, L, W, X, Π*, f1, 2*, 579, 1071, al, L253,
it(a, aur*, b, c, d, ff2*, l, 11A, 29, 47), vg(mss), Sy-S, Sy-H, ac2, mf, bo(pt), Westcott/Hort (1882)
Page 48 of 49
INCLUDE LINE: D(S), K, P, D, Q, 157, 1071, 1241, Byz, Maj (Majority of all continuous MSS)
(+ auton) - א,