polytetrafluoroethylene(teflon)

colourless,adorless gas,like all unsaturated fluorocarbons,it is susceptible to nucleophilic attack.PTFE

is fluorocarbon solid,as it is a high-molecular-weight.Compound consisting wholly of carbon and
fluorine.PTFE is hydrophobic non-stick coating for pans and other cookware.It is very non-reactive
because of the strength of carbon-fluorine bonds,and so it is often used in containers and pipework for
reactive and corrosive chemicals.PTFE is thermoplastic polymer(those polymer that can be heat-
softened in order to process into a desired form).

Bakelite
thermosetting phenol formaldehyde resin.It is used for its electrically nonconductive and heat resistant
properties in radio and telephone casings and electrical insulators as well as children toys.Also known
as Phenolic Plastic,created from mixture of formaldehyde and carboxylic acid

Vulcanization
chemical process converting rubber or related materials into more durable materials via addition of
sulphur/other equivalent duratives.These duratives modify the polymer by forming crosslinks between
individual polychains.It is less sticky and has superior mechanical properties.

Three Examples of synthetic polymer which have been developed to replace natural products:
Silk-Nylon
Cotton-Polyster
Wool-Acrylic

Guilio natta,Mark ziegler:

“Coordination catalyst”,high density PE>0.92

Characteristic of Step-Growth polymerization

1)polymerization of any 2/more which have functionalities to polymerize.
2)any two/more monomers can react with each other to form dimers,dimers react with dimers to form
tetramers and so on.
3)All monomers disappear at early stage of polymerization.
4)polymer chain grow in slow and stepwise manner.
5)At any stage,no monomer anymore in the system,there are many oligomers and very low polymer.
6)the polymer molecular weight,rises steadily during the reaction
7)It takes place via a mechanism called carbonyl-elimination reactions.
8)By products,ammonia,methanol and water.

Characteristics of Chain-Growth polymerization

1)polymerization of monomerrs with unsaturated bonds like olefins,acetyline,aldehyden and the others.
2)polymer chain grow via a rapid addition of monomer molecules to the end growing of initiated chains
3)only part of monomers are initiated to be propagating part,the rest is unreacted.
4chain growth occurs rapidly.Monomers disappear readily
5)At any stage, the reaction mixture should contain only monomer and high polymer.
6)Relatively narrow molecular –weight distribution in the later stage
7)High polymer is form rapidly from each initiated monomer.
8)It takes place via the mechanism : initiation, propagation and termination.