Definition:

1. Acceleration -> The change in velocity over time. Because velocity is a vector, it can change in
two ways: a change in magnitude and/or a change in direction.
2. Dynamic equilibrium -> exists when a reversible reaction ceases to change its ratio of
reactants/products, but substances move between the chemicals at an equal rate, meaning there
is no net change. It is a particular example of a system in a steady state.

3. Forces -> any influence that causes a free body to undergo acceleration. A force has
both magnitude and direction, making it a vector quantity.

4. Newton's first law of motion -> States that objects continue to move in a state of constant
velocity unless acted upon by an external net force or resultant force. This law is an extension of
Galileo's insight that constant velocity was associated with a lack of net force. Newton proposed
that every object with mass has an innate inertia that functions as the fundamental equilibrium
"natural state" in place of the Aristotelian idea of the "natural state of rest". That is, the first law
contradicts the intuitive Aristotelian belief that a net force is required to keep an object moving
with constant velocity.

5. Newton's second law ( F=ma) -> can be formulated to state that an object with a constant mass
will accelerate in proportion to the net force acting upon and in inverse proportion to its mass, an
approximation which breaks down near the speed of light. This law asserts the direct
proportionality of acceleration to force and the inverse proportionality of acceleration to mass.
Accelerations can be defined through kinematic measurements.

6. Newton's third law -> a result of applying symmetry to situations where forces can be attributed
to the presence of different objects. For any two objects (call them 1 and 2), Newton's third law
states that any force that is applied to object 1 due to the action of object 2 is automatically
accompanied by a force applied to object 2 due to the action of object 1.

7. Static equilibrium -> A system of particles is in static equilibrium when all the particles of the
system are at rest and the total force on each particle is permanently zero
8. Torques -> the tendency of a force to rotate an object about an axis, fulcrum, or pivot. Just as a
force is a push or a pull, a torque can be thought of as a twist. Also known as moment or
moment of force.

9. Velocity -> the rate of change of displacement (position). It is a vector physical quantity; both
magnitude and direction are required to define it. The scalar absolute value (magnitude) of
velocity is speed, a quantity that is measured in meters per second (m/s or ms−1) when using
the SI (metric) system.