Api Standards For Coiled Tubulars

API Standards for Coiled
Tubulars
Roderic K. Stanley, Ph. D, I. Eng.

SPE
International Oilfield Services
Chm: API Resource Group for Coiled Tubing
Rkstanley@ndeic.com
SPE-Icota-Aberdeen Nov 05
Coiled Tubulars?
• Coiled Tubing (CT) - small dia – 4.5-in. ERW
carbon steel tubing used in numerous ways
• CT55, CT70, CT80, CT90 (in RP 5C7)
• Coiled Line Pipe (CLP) – small dia – 6.625-in.
ERW carbon steel tubing used as umbilicals,
flowlines, etc.
• X52C, X56C, X60C, X65C, X70C, X80C –
follow the 5L classifications for line pipe
• Currently Excludes:
Excludes short welded lengths of
ERW and smls.
Note.. CT and CLP
A cycle here From
is not….. CLP
Coiled
1944
Tubing
From
2000
…a cycle here CLP

Coiled line
Pipe SPE-Icota-Aberdeen Nov 05
A Little Background…..
Where we were in 1998…….
• Resource Gp. for Coiled Tubing formed 1996
• SPE 46019 “Progress Towards API Specifications for
Coiled Tubing and Pipe” by Sas-Jaworski/Stanley
• Working on RP 5C7 – “catch all” RP – one of a kind.
• Working on Spec 5LCP – Coiled Line Pipe thought to
be very important
• Working on Spec 5ST - Coiled Tubing Spec was
shelved in order to get 5LCP into print.
• Approved –to work on RP 5C8 (Care, Maintenance
and Inspection of Coiled Tubing*)
* Later changed to “Coiled Tubulars”
Current API Organization
The new
guys on the
block
CT CLP
And we are in
Kinda wild Fun stuff
here too
here too You are here
here
API representation - today
• Purchasers:
Purchasers Service Companies, Major Oils,
Pipeliners.
• Operators:
Operators Major Oils
• Mills: Manufacturers.
• Consultants:
Consultants Welding, Collapse
• Observers:
Observers MMS, DoT, Rosen, Sumitomo
• Inspection:
Inspection Tuboscope, Patterson (RD/Tech),
Intl. OilFld Svcs
• API: attend all meetings
Current Documents - 5C7
• API RP 5C7 – CT55-90
only (1996)
• Tensiles before bending
• Renewed 2001
• Remain in force until
either updated or
withdrawn
• Operational sections
transferred to a
Committee 6 document on
well servicing
• Corrosion and Collapse
transferred to RP 5C8
Current Documents – 5LCP (1999)
• Converted from 5L (41st Ed)
• Dropped all mfg except ERW
• Added Skelp-end weld,
weld NDE
not in 5L,
5L 15 min hydro at
80% SMYS, butt welding to
API 5L/1104,
5L/1104 tensiles at “mill
stops”.
• Charpy tests at customer
request.
• Can class CT55-80 as X52C-
X80C. (No X42C)
• Up for 5-yr review
In the Works… API RP 5C8
(Care, Maintenance, Inspection of Coiled
API Spec 5ST Tubulars)
(Specification for Coiled Tubing)
•Grades up to CT110
• (5LCP pbl conv to CT)
• Was Voted in 2001 •Mechanicals, inc CSA, defect
removal definitions
• Not enough votes
• “Not tight enough” •Corrosion & Mitigation
• Put on hold •Butt Welding and its NDE
• Pressure to re-introduce •Tube NDE – Visual/Dimensional
in 2003
• New chm. found 2005 EMI, Prove-Up
• Work to begin now • Assessment of Used CT
• Collapse from 5C7 into Appendix
• Defect Pictures in appendix
Why RP 5C8?
• Repeated and unidentified field
failures
• Provide minimum requirements
for field protection of C-Tubulars
•Provide field welding procedures COILED TUBING FAILURES 1987-98
90
•Provide field general NDE 80
procedures for common EMI 70
OCCURENCES
60
systems. 50
40
•Provide NDE equipment 30

20
standardization/calibration 10
requirements 0
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ile
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si
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•Aim to replace RP 5C7
D
ac
tt
pe
Bu
O
Co
uf
O
an
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Ri
Corrosion and
Mitigation
Pits/cracks
on OD→
Pitting at root of flash
column, + crack
Mitigation and Prevention
• Flushing – high pH
fluids
• OD Cleaning and
coating
• ID Cleaning and coating
• Air drying
• N2 dry and backfill
• Relative Humidity of
flush/backfill
measurement RH meter
• Dew point measurement

Tube-Tube Butt Welding……..
• Industry welding sub-
committee formed
• WPS and PQR contents
established Bonded
interface
• Manual and Orbital butt
welds
• ..not ADB or other exotic
methods 400μm
Amorphous
• Borrowed material from
Bond in CT
Icota Welding document
………….and its NDE
Geometry considerations Phased array weld inspection
16 element linear array Sweep from 40 to 70 degrees

Status today……
5LCP – voted late 2004 RP 5C8 – Voted late 2004
• changes out for vote • changes out for vote
• Added more ultrasonic • more “shoulds” and no
NDE, esp for butt welds “shalls”.
• Add X90C grade • Added definitions of “cycle”
• Provide for torch-cut and “critical sour well“
ends (AEUB)
• Reduce acceptable min. • Added pictures of common
wall from defects in an appendix
–12.5%t to –10%t.
Status today..(2)
5ST PSLs might include
• Chm. found midyear •Additional UT of SE weld
• Cover mfg, grades, •Additional UT of Butt weld
testing, inspection
• Include Product •Restricted tensile ranges (for sour
Service Levels? service)
•Restricted hardness ranges (same)
•Additional microhardness
readings
• Final NDE Inspection after hydro
• Longer/higher pressure test
5C8 - Equipment
Standardization & Calibration
From RP 5A5…….
• All equipment calibrated at regular intervals
• All equipment standardized at regular intervals
• Reference standards & reference indicators
maintained.
• EMI unit, UT Compression wall gauge, UT shear
wave unit, RT unit, Mag. particle yokes, pit depth
gauges.
• All Operators trained, qualified and certified
Examples - Calibratable
Equipment
EMI equipment for full length

CT inspection – now defunct
UT Butt weld inspection
SPE-Icota-Aberdeen Nov 05 equipment
Tubing
Assessment
Table-5C8
Classified sections of
tubulars from TFL and
NDE, not just either
one
What Do You Do When You Find
an Imperfection?
• Need to notify
owner of tubing
•Check the
inspection table
• Use a Fatigue
model
•Make assessment
including fatigue
model and defect
size
•Repair the damage SPE-Icota-Aberdeen Nov 05
5C8 Appendix
Training and Certification 1
• All Inspectors qualified and certified…..
• Use ASNT Scheme (TC-1A or CP-189)
• 0r PCN Scheme
• Level 1
• Level II
• Level III
• In EMI, UT, MT, PT, RT
• Nonlevelled courses in Visual, Dimensional and
Hardness Testing
Training and Certification 2
Inspector should be;
1. Trained in all inspections used on CT/CLP
2. T/C to Level II under ASNT or PCN regime
3. Cognisant of accept/reject/derating criteria
4. This implies that the Specific part of the certification exams
should cover knowledge of the equipment used, and the
accept/reject criteria.
Typical Training Course
Outline
• Coiled Tubulars • Visual Inspection
• Fatigue Models • Hardness Testing
• Common defects
• Other, as needed
• Effect of defects
• PT course (G, S, Pr)
Similar to classes
• RT course (G, S, Pr) developed for DS-1
• UT course (G, S, Pr) or NS-2
• MT course (G, S, Pr)
• EMI course (G, S,Pr)
Collapse in RP 5C8
• Moved from body of 5C7 to Appendix of 5C8
• Added disclaimer regarding origin of collapse
equations for new and used coiled tubing
Collapse appendix
•Vast amt of high level work done on
new/old tubular collapse data
•New equation developed for API
5C3/ISO 119400
•Eliminates 4 equations for Yield
strength, plastic, transition, and elastic
collapse regimes
•Replaced them with one (more
complex) equation
•Tamano 4, generalized by Dr. Frans
Kever ( KGT)
• Work yet to be defined for
normalized ERW tubing
Possible new API RGCT
Approach…..
• Obtain results from KGT (2000 data points), which includes
all data points at higher measured values for concervatism.
•Use results for more rounded Stress-strain curves
•Add existing Avakov-Timoshenko correction for Ovality
•Add existing Avakov correction for coiled tubing usage
This is the same approach as was used to generate the original
values in 5C7, but there, the old equations from 5C3 were
used. Here, we place them with KGT
The equations……Collapse
pc,ult = (pe+py)/2 – [(pe-py)2/4 + pepyHult]1/2 (A1)
Where
pe =1.08[2E/(1-ν2)][(Do/t)-1 (Do/t - 1)-2] (A2)

py = 2fy[Do/t – 1][Do/t]-2[1 + 1.5/(Do/t –1)] (A3)
Hult = 0.071Ov + 0.0022 ec – 0.018 rs (A4)
And
Do = actual average diameter, E = Young’s Modulus

ec = eccentricity in % as (tmax-tmin)/tav fy = Actual API Yield stress.
Hult = is a decrement factor Ov = Ovality% as (Do,max-Do,min)/Do,av
pc,ult = Ultimate collapse str, pe = Collapse str for elastic failure
py = Collapse str for yield failure, rs = Residual stress
t = Average wall thickness ν = Poisson’s ratio.

Collapse Design Equations
pc,des = (kepe+kppy)/2 – [(kepe-kppy)2/4 + kepekppyHdes]1/2 (A5)
where
Hdes = Decrement factor (varies with manufacturing process).

ke = Downrating Factor for elastic collapse
kp = Downrating Factor for plastic collapse.
One challenge is to define H for a coiled tubular. Is the

value for normalized, not hot/cold straightened applicable?

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API Standards for Coiled

Roderic K. Stanley, Ph. D, I. Eng.

…a cycle here CLP

procedures for common EMI 70

•Provide NDE equipment 30

• Dew point measurement

………….and its NDE

Geometry considerations Phased array weld inspection

16 element linear array Sweep from 40 to 70 degrees

EMI equipment for full length

pe =1.08[2E/(1-ν2)][(Do/t)-1 (Do/t - 1)-2] (A2)

Do = actual average diameter, E = Young’s Modulus

t = Average wall thickness ν = Poisson’s ratio.

Hdes = Decrement factor (varies with manufacturing process).

One challenge is to define H for a coiled tubular. Is the

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