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ABSTRACT:
INTRODUCTION:
Nowadays, it is becoming increasingly
difficult to build new transmission lines, due to restrictions
regarding environment and financial issues. Besides that,
electrical energy consumption continues to increase, leading to a
situation where utilities and independent system operators have
to operate existing transmission systems much more efficiently
and closer to their stability limits. This leads to the study of
FLEXIBLE AC TRANSMISSION SYSTEM (FACTS).
BASIC EQUATION
P = (Vs*Vr/ X) sinδ
Environmental benefits.
Less cost
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PURPOSE OF FACTS
CONNECTION OF GENERATION
CONNECTION F
ISOLATED LOADS
FACTS
FACTS
INTERCONNECTION BETWEEN
THE WITH in A GRID(SAME FREQUENCY)
GRIDS(DIFFERENT FREQUENCIES)
facts
facts
50Hz 50 Hz 50 Hz
60 Hz
Facts
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IEEE DEFINATIONS:
FACTS :
A.C TRANSMISSION SYSTEM INCORPORATING THE POWER
ELECTRONIC BASED AND OTHER STATIC CONTROLLERSTO ENHANCE
CONTROLLABILITY AND INCREASE POWER TRANSFER CAPABILITY
FACTS CONTROLLERS :
A POWER BASED SYSTEM &OTHER STATIC EQUIPMENT
THAT PROVIDE CONTROL OF ONE OR MORE A.C TRANSMISSION
PARAMETERS
CONTROLLERS
9
10
SSSCoperationwithandwithout POD
1100
1000
900
Power (MW) on line L1
800
700
600 PODon
500
400
10-cyclefault
300
200
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5
Time(s)
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500 M W 95 M W 1000 M W
500 M W
197 M W 1000 M W
-- ----> 230 kV
< ------ < ---- --
A Aa A
B Bb B
C Cc C
P o w e r P l a n Bt 1# 1 P o w e r P l
P n o m = 1 0 0 0 M W P n o m = 1
L
1 _ 6 5 k m
I
d o u b l e c i r c u i8 t9 9 M W 2 8 M v a r B 4
A a
B b
C c
I
7 9 6 M W 1 5V M v a r
A
B
C
T r 1 : 1 0 0 0 M V A
2 3 0 k V / 5 0 0 k V S h u n t 5 0 0 kV , 1 0 0 M V A
S e ri e s 1 0 0 M V A ,1 0 % i n j e c ti o n
A
B
C
a
b
c
T r 2 : 8 0 0 M V A
U P F C 2 3 0 k V / 5 0 0 k V
B y p a s sT r i p
a
b
c
m m 5 8 7 M W -2 7 M v a r 1279 M W
589 M W B y p a s s 6 8 7 M W -2 7 M v a r 1277 M W
690 M W [ P Q r e f ] P Q r eA f 2 ------> --- --->
------>
5 00 kV [ V d q r e V f ] dU q P r e F f C aA aA A
aA aA A 1 B 2 bB bB B
bB bB B 1 cC cC C
cC cC C 1 C 2 B 3 L 3 _ 5 0 k m B 5 E q u i v a
B 2 L 2 _ 5 B 0 k_ m U P F C 5 0 0 k V
1 5 0 0 0
C
A
B
2 0 0 M W
N a t u r a l p o w e r fl o w s
( B yp a s s b r e a k e r c lo s e d )
a r e s h o w n in r e d n o te s .
[ P Q r e f ]
P r e f ( p u ) V d q r e f[ V d q r e f ]
P o w e r fl o w s w i t h U P F C
- 0 . 2 7 V d q r e f
( P r e f = 6 8 7 M W , Q r e f= - 2 7 M v a r )
a r e s h o w n i n b l u e n o teQ s . r e f ( p u )
P P r e f ( p u )
V p o s . s e q . B 1 B 2 B 3 B 4 B 5
D o u b l e c l i c k t o p lQ o t Q r e f ( p u )
U P F C U P F C V P P Q B 1 B 2 B 3 B 4 B 5 ( M W )
C o n t r o l l a b l e M R ee ag s Vi u o c r n oe n m v e_ mn t a s g ( p u )
M e a s u r e m e n t s
V c o n v _ p h a s e ( d e g .Q ) B 1 B 2 B 3 B 4 BA 5 c t ( i Mv e v a P r )o w
B 1 B 2 B 3
U P F C V P Q L i n e s
P h a s o r s
C o n t r o l o f P o w e r F l o w u s i n g a U n i f i e d P o w e? r F l o w C o n t r o
p o w e r g u i i n f o
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VPQ LINES
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SSSC ** * *** **
*
** Better Operation
***
APPLICATIONS OF FACTS
• LIMITATIONS OF FACTS
• FUTURE SCOPE OF FACTS
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CONCLUSION
Power systems are being operated closer
than ever to there operating limits with the increased burden on
the use of transmission system and the heightened requirements
on the quality of power delivered, the application of power
electronic based equipment, such as FACTS and custom power
is being increased.
The Various Facts such as SHUNT,SERIES
And combination of SHUNT & SERIES controllers is found to
be efficient in improving existing technology. The stability of
the system considerably increased, the control of voltage,
damping of oscillation and increase in power for the same line
are the advantages associated with the FACTS technology.
In our study among all the FACTS controllers
UPFC is the most superior to other controllers. SHUNT
controllers (STATCOM) are compensates only reactive power
i.e. maintains constant voltage profile in the system. Series
controllers (SSSC) reduce the impedance of the line and also
provide reactive power compensation. Where as UPFC provide
both active and reactive power compensation independently.
BIBLOGRAPHY
1. N.G. Hingorani, L.Gyugyi “Under standing facts –concept and
technology of flexible AC transmission systems”.
2. L.Gyugyi “unified power flow concept for Flexible AC transmission
systems”
3. Dr. R. sreeram Kumar “Flexible AC transmission systems-an
introduction”
4. A. Deepak devan (ATLANTA university) paper presentation.
5. Anjan havanur, U.K. Hambrade, “Active and Reactive power
management in transmission system”.
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