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Features:
Description:
Port 0
Port 1
Port 3
Reset input. A high on this pin for two machine cycles while
the oscillator is running resets the device. This pin drives high for
98 oscillator periods after the Watchdog times out. The DISRTO bit
in SFR AUXR (address 8EH) can be used to disable this feature. In
the default state of bit DISRTO, the RESET HIGH out feature is
enabled.
ALE/PROG
EA/VPP
XTAL1
XTAL2
Memory Organization
Program Memory
Data Memory
ADC 0808/0809:
General Description
Features
Key Specifications
Resolution 8 Bits
Total Unadjusted Error ±1⁄2 LSB and ±1 LSB
Single Supply 5 VDC
Low Power 15 mW
Conversion Time 100 μs
Block Diagram:
Pin Diagram:
Functional Description:
Multiplexer:
Features
• Rated Frequency: 3,100Hz
• Operating Voltage: 3 - 20Vdc
• Current Consumption: 14mA @ 12Vdc
• Sound Pressure Level (30cm): 73dB @ 12Vdc
• King State Buzzer - KPE-200
• Dimensions: 22.5mm Diameter, 19mm High, 29mm between mounting holes
MEMS:
MEMS are separate and distinct from the hypothetical vision of molecular nanotechnology or molecular
electronics. MEMS are made up of components between 1 to 100 micrometres in size (i.e. 0.001 to 0.1 mm) and
MEMS devices generally range in size from 20 micrometres (20 millionths of a metre) to a millimetre. They
usually consist of a central unit that processes data, the microprocessor and several components that interact
with the outside such as microsensors. At these size scales, the standard constructs of classical physics are not
always useful. Because of the large surface area to volume ratio of MEMS, surface effects such as electrostatics
and wetting dominate volume effects such as inertia or thermal mass.
The potential of very small machines was appreciated before the technology existed that could make
them—see, for example, Richard Feynman's famous 1959 lecture There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom.
MEMS became practical once they could be fabricated using modified semiconductor device fabrication
technologies, normally used to make electronics. These include molding and plating, wet etching (KOH,
TMAH) and dry etching (RIE and DRIE), electro discharge machining (EDM), and other technologies capable
of manufacturing small devices. An early example of a MEMS device is the resonistor – an electromechanical
monolithic resonator.
APPLICATIONS:
• Sensor
• Actuator
• Structure
In another view point MEMS applications are categorized by the field of application (commercial applications
include):
• Inkjet printers, which use piezoelectrics or thermal bubble ejection to deposit ink on paper.
• Accelerometers in modern cars for a large number of purposes including airbag deployment in
collisions.
• Accelerometers in consumer electronics devices such as game controllers (Nintendo Wii), personal
media players / cell phones (Apple iPhone, various Nokia mobile phone models, various HTC PDA
models) and a number of Digital Cameras (various Canon Digital IXUS models). Also used in PCs to
park the hard disk head when free-fall is detected, to prevent damage and data loss.
• MEMS gyroscopes used in modern cars and other applications to detect yaw; e.g., to deploy a roll over
bar or trigger dynamic stability control
• Silicon pressure sensors e.g., car tire pressure sensors, and disposable blood pressure sensors
• Displays e.g., the DMD chip in a projector based on DLP technology, which has a surface with several
hundred thousand micromirrors
• Optical switching technology, which is used for switching technology and alignment for data
communications
• Bio-MEMS applications in medical and health related technologies from Lab-On-Chip to
MicroTotalAnalysis (biosensor, chemosensor)
• Interferometric modulator display (IMOD) applications in consumer electronics (primarily displays for
mobile devices), used to create interferometric modulation - reflective display technology as found in
mirasol displays
Companies with strong MEMS programs come in many sizes. The larger firms specialize in manufacturing high
volume inexpensive components or packaged solutions for end markets such as automobiles, biomedical, and
electronics. The successful small firms provide value in innovative solutions and absorb the expense of custom
fabrication with high sales margins. In addition, both large and small companies work in R&D to explore
MEMS technology.
POWER SUPPLY:
Power supply is a reference to a source of electrical power. A
device or system that supplies electrical or other types of energy
to an output load or group of loads is called a power supply unit or
PSU. The term is most commonly applied to electrical energy
supplies, less often to mechanical ones, and rarely to others.
Relays are usually SPDT or DPDT but they can have many
more sets of switch contacts, for example relays with 4 sets of
changeover contacts are readily available. For further information
about switch contacts and the terms used to describe them please
see the page on switches.
Most relays are designed for PCB mounting but you can solder
wires directly to the pins providing you take care to avoid melting
the plastic case of the relay.
Advantages of relays:
• Relays can switch AC and DC, transistors can only switch DC.
• Relays can switch high voltages, transistors cannot.
• Relays are a better choice for switching large currents
(> 5A).
• Relays can switch many contacts at once.
Disadvantages of relays:
MAX232:
Pin Diagram: