Straight Talk About

Sustainable Practices
for Indoor, General
Purpose Lighting

Terry Clark
Founder & CEO
Finelite, Inc.
Buildings have a big impact

They account for:

48% 76%
of the Greenhouse Gases of the Electricity Used

Industry Industry
25% 23%
Transportation
Transportation
1%
27%

Buildings Building (Operations)

48% 76%

Page 2 Source:US Energy Information Administration

And we can start today

 Technology is already here

 No need to wait for hydrogen fuel cells,

electric cars or fuel from salt water

 By lowering the amount of electricity used

for lighting we can also reduce the cost of
lighting control systems and HVAC costs

Page 3
Market-changing, multi-year research

Goals
1. Reduce the lighting power
density by 50%

2. Meet industry-recommended
light levels and luminance
uniformity ratios

3. Make the space beautiful to speed

up user acceptance

4. Let users control the light

5. Keep installed costs the same

Here are the

three key findings
from that project…

Page 4
Defining best practice

1. Set proper luminance

uniformity ratios between
task and surroundings
3:1 around the seating
area where most tasks
are performed
10:1 across broad viewing
areas

2. Set proper light levels

• Based on IESNA criteria of 30-50 fc at the task, the

acceptable range = 20-75 fc at any specific location

Page 5 #1
Finding # 1 – Light the task first

Make LIGHTING THE TASK

properly your FIRST priority!

• Use task lighting as the

PRIMARY layer of light
• New, LED task luminaires
provide the right amount of
light exactly where you need it

• Old, fluorescent task luminaires

simply do not work
-Too much light
- Too much glare
- Too much energy

Page 6 #1
Desk lamps put the light where you need it

150 fc @ 24w 60 fc

The right amount

of light and energy
270-380 lumens
7-8W

Page 7 #1
The multi-generational workforce is here to stay

Light Required As The Eye Ages Personal Control

More
Light

14”

45 fc

60 fc
25 fc
Less 45 fc
Light 30 fc

Younger 25 fc
Older

Page 8 #1
LED task luminaires need new selection criteria

Make sure you investigate:

• Dissipation of LED heat

• LED color (quality & uniformity)
• Performance (demand 40 to 50 lumens per watt)
• Cost (prices vary greatly)
• Look, adjustability, & feel
• Warranty & support

Coming soon: Energy Star™& SSL Quality Advocates

(The DOE will be promoting this)

Page 9 #1
Use LED luminaires in NEW ways to light the task

Combine LED task luminaires into a system to

put the right amount of light where you need it.

1. Use a 6w Undercabinet at each

3’ or 4’ binder bin or shelf
2. Place Desk Lamp at
primary work surface for
paper-based tasks
3. Optional Occupancy Sensor
increases energy savings

Page 10 #1
Use LED luminaires in NEW ways to light the task

Use LED task lighting

as the FIRST STEP to
accomplish all of
your objectives:

1. Cut energy use by 50%

2. Deliver the right light
levels and luminance
uniformity
3. Make it beautiful
4. Achieve strong user
preference
5. Keep within existing
budgets

Page 11 #1
Finding # 2 – Light the vertical surfaces

Page 12 #2
Understanding the criteria

Use the following criteria to properly

Light vertical surfaces:

• IESNA says
- Minimum 5 fc
- Up to 10 times task illumination
- For uniform appearance, 4:1 luminance
ratio recommended
• What you need
- 30+ fc

Page 13 #2
Energy-efficient techniques for vertical brightness

• Special purpose wall wash luminaires

• Recessed, surface, or pendant using

super T8 lamps for maximum efficiency

• Direct / indirect wall mounted luminaires

Page 14 #2
Finding #2 – Summary

Making sure that vertical surfaces are

properly lit is the SECOND STEP to
accomplishing your objectives.

1. Cut energy use by 50%

2. Deliver right light levels and luminance

uniformity

3. Make it beautiful

4. Achieve strong user preference

5. Keep within existing budgets

Page 15 #2
Finding # 3 – Ambient light needs only 0.4 w/ft2

When,
• Task lighting is correct,
• Vertical surfaces are lighted

Then,
• Ambient lighting needs
only 0.4 w/ft2

Page 16 #3
High-efficiency T8 luminaires

Use high-efficiency
pendant T8 luminaires with
only 1-lamp in cross
section

• 1-lamp T8
cross section
• 12 to 16 ft on
center
0.4 w/ft2 works!
• 0.4 w/ft2
• $2.33/ft2

Page 17 #3
High performance recessed luminaires

High performance recessed luminaires can also

be used to provide ambient light at 0.4-0.5 w/ft2

• 2-lamp T8
- 0.71 BF
- 8’ x 10’ on center spacing
- 0.49 w/ft2

• 1-lamp T8
- 1.20 BF
- 8’ x 10’ on center spacing
- 0.40 w/ft2

• Advantages of 1-lamp approach:

0.4 - 0.5 w/ft2 works! - 50% fewer lamps
- 20% energy savings
over 2-lamp

Page 18 #3
Adding the layers – #1 Task

Task (fc) Luminance (cd/m2)

3

1 2

7 12
130

30 48 54 68

Luminance Uniformity Ratios

Meets targets Around Seating Area = 11:1
Page 19 Across Broad Viewing Areas = 26:1
Adding the layers – #2 Vertical

Vertical (fc) Luminance (cd/m2)

12

25 47

5
130

2 2 4 9

1
1

Luminance Uniformity Ratios

Meets targets Around Seating Area = 33:1
Page 20 Across Broad Viewing Areas = 1.3:1
Adding the layers – Just #1 and #2 at Work

Task + Vertical (fc) Luminance (cd/m2)

15

26 49

12
21
130

32 50 58 77

2 2

Luminance Uniformity Ratios

Meets targets Around Seating Area = 6:1
Page 21 Across Broad Viewing Areas = 2.2:1
Adding the layers – #3 Ambient

Ambient (fc) Luminance (cd/m2)

225

9 11

18 29
130

20 59
18 32

26
14

Luminance Uniformity Ratios

Meets targets Around Seating Area = 5:1
Page 22 Across Broad Viewing Areas = 0.5:1
 Adding all the layers and verify the quality

Task + Vertical + Ambient (fc) Luminance (cd/m2)

240

35 60

30 50
130

50 70 136
90

28 16

Luminance Uniformity Ratios

Meets targets Around Seating Area = 2.6:1
Page 23
Across Broad Viewing Areas = 1.5:1
Key results summary

Three “layers of light” satisfy users at under 0.5 w/ft2

• When task lighting is not done

properly, all carry part of the load

• User satisfaction is achieved with half

of the energy used before

• Less material is used

• Fewer lighting controls are needed

• Installation costs are optimized

• Air conditioning loads are reduced

• Operating costs are slashed

Page 24
Key results – Overwhelming user satisfaction

A 10 to 1 satisfaction ratio was recorded in the research project

Flexibility

Amount of light, quality, color, and size of fixture

Overall

Ease of control & fixture aesthetic

The LED task lighting rated significantly higher than

previous task lighting in all categories surveyed!

Page 25
Key results – Overwhelming user satisfaction

TASK

Satisfied User
“My newly installed lighting
system has brought the light to
my work at work level. This
makes seeing my work easier.”
— Gexpro Employee

Page 26
Key results – Lower installed cost

The research project found it costs less to follow the

LED-Task / Low Ambient approach to light offices

Lower
Installed
Cost

Design calculations and installed cost estimates

Standard Practice: 1.1w/ft2, 3-lamp T8 parabolic, 8’x10’ on center spacing, T8 Undercabinet task lights
Breakthrough: 0.48w/ft2, 1-lamp T8 indirect/direct pendant, 12’ on center spacing, 6W LED Undercabinet task lights

Page 27
Straight talk about indoor LED luminaires

 What is holding back volume sales

of general purpose LED-based
luminaires for offices, schools, and
retail?

Page 28
Remember, we are looking at General Lighting

Page 29
What is holding back volume sales?

1. Competitors are strong

2. LEDs may not be the issue!

Page 30
1. Competitors are strong

Super T8s & T5s are not wimps

 They are efficient
 They are cheap
 They are long-lasting
 They are easy to maintain
 They are widely available

Page 31
Super T8s are efficient

1. Lamp + ballasts = 100 lumens per watt

2. They achieve this at 3500 K &> 80 CRI
3. Lamp + ballast + luminaire = 80 to 90 lumens / watt
4. Correctly applied high quality, ambient light in the office
needs only .45 to .55 watts / sq ft
5. Dimming and controls have been shown to reduce that
to .25 to .35 watts / sq ft. actual, measured load
6. If SSL can make luminaires twice as efficient, the
energy savings would be about .1 to .2 watts / sq ft
7. At 80 sq ft / luminaire, .2 watts savings = $10.48 / yr
(80 x .2 x 14 hrs/day x 312 days/yr x $.15 /kwhr ÷ 1,000)

Page 32
Super T8s are cheap

1. Lamp = 3,600 lumens (1.2 BF ballast)

2. Lamp = $2.00
3. Remember Lamp = LED + PCB + primary optic +
connector + ESD protection = $.56 / kilo lumen
4. 2-lamp ballast = $8.00 (on – off)
5. 2-lamp dimming ballast = $30.00
6. Total “engine” & driver = $1.67 / kilo lumen
7. Luminaires cost $50 - $125 = $7 - $17 / kilo lumen

Page 33
Super T8s are long-lasting

Octron 800XP/XL specs

(IESNA – 2010 Progress Report)
- 55,000 hrs at 12-hr start
- 44,000 hrs at 30-min start
- 92% maintained light
Yes, that is L92 at 44,000 hrs

Page 34
Super T8s are easy to maintain

Issue #1: We are all familiar that current 4’ fluorescent lamps “turn off” to let us
know they are at the end of life. LEDs will not do this. This raises the very real
question of how will the end user know it is time for a replacement?
Page 35
Super T8s are easy to maintain

Page 36
Super T8s are easy to maintain

Issue #2: Whose responsibility is it to disclose the maintenance costs?

Page 37
Super T8s are easy to maintain

Issue #3: Color can shift over time with LEDs. If that happens,
Page 38
one segment failure means replacing the entire system
Super T8s are widely available

- OSRAM, GE, Philips

- 3000K, 3500K, 4100K
- Same form factor for ever
- Robust = few storage issues
- Mercury is the main drawback

Page 39
2. LEDs may not be the issue!

Total system or luminaire

reliability is the product
of all the individual reliability
considerations as follows:
RLuminaire = RLEDs * Roptical *
RPCB * RFinish * Rmechanical *
RThermal * RHousing * RGaskets *
RSealants * RElectrical * RDriver *
Rmanufacturing

SOURCE: Phillips Hadco

Page 40
Now, let’s change gears and see how SSL stacks up

(DOE MYPP – Table 1. LED Metrics Roadmap, page 14 2009 report)

Page 41 (LED LPW = 138 for 3500K > 85 CRI & a 90% efficient power supply)
For information visit the links below:

Visit: http://cltc.ucdavis.edu/content/view/83/262/
Visit:www.finelite.com
Visit:www.energy.ca.gov/research

Solid-State Lighting
http://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/ssl/
Emerging Technologies Coordinating Council
http://www.etcc-ca.com

LEEDhttp://www.usgbc.org/
IESNAhttp://www.iesna.org/
ASHRAEhttp://www.ashrae.org/
Page 42
 Thank you for your attention

Feel free to send questions or

comments to me at
tclark@finelite.com

Page 43