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Solution
Assignment No.4
Q 1. Use double integral in rectangular co-ordinates to compute area of the
region inside the circle x 2 + y 2 = 4 and above x-axis.
Confirm your result by first converting double integral from rectangular to polar
co-ordinates and then evaluating it.
⎛ a
π a2 ⎞
∫ − =
2 2
⎜ Hint: a x dx ⎟
⎝ −a
2 ⎠
Solution: The given region is as follows

ts
en
ud
St
el m
VU
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p
To ing
te .n

2 4− x2

∫ ∫
si at

dy dx
eb nn

−2 0
2
W ja

4− x2
= ∫ y0 dx
st //vu

−2

( )
2

∫
Be tp:

= 4 − x 2 − 0 dx
ht

−2

( )
2
= ∫
−2
(2) 2 − x 2 dx

According to the HINT of this question, here a = 2. Thus

( π (2) 2
)
2

∫ (2) − x dx = 2 = 2π
2 2

−2
Now let us confirm our result by changing it to polar integral.

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π 2

∫ ∫
0 0
r dr dθ

π 2
r2
=∫ dθ
0
2 0
π
=∫ ( 2 ) dθ
0
π
=2θ 0
= 2π

Q 2. Find all possible polar co-ordinates representations of the point P whose

rectangular co-ordinates are ( 2, − 2 ) .

ts
(Hint: Consider negative value of r also)

en
Solution:

ud
St
el m
As we know VU
H .co

y
r = x 2 + y 2 and tan θ =
p
To ing

x
te .n

So
si at

r = (2) 2 + (−2) 2 = 4+4 = 8= 2 2

eb nn

−2
W ja

tan θ = = −1
st //vu

2
−π 7π
θ = tan −1 (−1) = =
Be tp:

4 4
⎛ −π ⎞ ⎛ 7π ⎞
ht

⎜2 2 , + 2nπ ⎟ , ⎜ 2 2 , + 2nπ ⎟ ,
⎝ 4 ⎠ ⎝ 4 ⎠
⎛ 3π ⎞ ⎛ −5π ⎞
⎜ −2 2 , + 2nπ ⎟ , ⎜ −2 2 , + 2nπ ⎟
⎝ 4 ⎠ ⎝ 4 ⎠
n = 0, ± 1, ± 2, − − − − − − −

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Q 3. What is the geometrical representation of the following equations?

Here ( r , θ ) are polar co-ordinates of an arbitrary point.

a. r sin θ = c , where and c is an arbitrary constant.

Solution:

ts
en
ud
It’s a line parallel to x-axis that meets y-axis at point (0, c)

St
el m
b. θ = α where α is an arbitrary constant angle.
VU
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Solution:
p
To ing
te .n
si at
eb nn
W ja
st //vu
Be tp:
ht

It’s a straight line passing through origin making an angle α with x-axis or initial
line or polar axis.
c. r = c where c is an arbitrary constant.
Solution:

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It’s a circle center at origin and radius c

ts
en
d. r = 2a cos θ where a is arbitrary constant.

ud
Solution:

St
el m
VU
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p
To ing
te .n
si at
eb nn
W ja
st //vu
Be tp:
ht

It’s a circle with center on x-axis, passing through origin and lie at right side of y-
axis. Its center in polar co-ordintes is (a, 00 ) and in rectangular co-ordinates is
(a, 0) . Its radius is a.
e. r = a (1 − sin θ ) where a is arbitrary constant
Solution:

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It’s a Cardioid, symmetric about y-axis

ts
r 2 = 4 cos 2θ

en
f.

ud
Solution:

St
el m
VU
H .co
p
To ing
te .n
si at
eb nn
W ja

It’s a lemniscate, symmetric about x-axis and y-axis

st //vu
Be tp:
ht

Q 4. Use double integral to find the area enclosed by four-petaled rose

Solution:

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0.5

-1 -0.5 0.5 1

-0.5

-1

Graph of r = cos 2θ is symmetric about x-axis and y-axis. Let us find the area

ts
en
enclosed by one of the petal and multiply it by 4 to get the total area enclosed by

ud
the four-petaled rose.

St
To find the upper and lower limit of θ , put r = 0
el m
VU
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r = cos 2θ
0 = cos 2θ
p
To ing

cos −1 0 = 2θ
te .n

π −π
si at

2θ = or 2θ =
eb nn

2 2
π −π
W ja

θ= or θ=
st //vu

4 4
So area A enclosed by one of the petal is
Be tp:

π
ht

4 cos 2θ
A= ∫ ∫
−π 0
r dr dθ
4
π
cos 2θ
4
r2
= ∫
−π 2
dθ
0
4
π
4
cos 2 2θ
= ∫
−π 2
dθ
4

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1 + cos 4θ
As we know cos 2 2θ = , so putting this value
2
π

1 4 1 + cos 4θ
2 −∫π
= dθ
2
4
π π
4
1 1 4
4 −∫π 4 −∫π
= dθ + cos 4θ dθ
4 4
π π
1 1 sin 4θ
= θ −π
4
+ 4
4 4 4 4 −π
4

1⎛π π ⎞ 1
= ⎜ + ⎟ + ( sin π − sin(−π ) )
4 ⎝ 4 4 ⎠ 16

ts
1⎛π ⎞

en
= ⎜ ⎟+0
4⎝ 2 ⎠

ud
π

St
=
el m
8
VU
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π π
Thus area enclosed by four-petaled rose = 4 × =
p
To ing

8 2
te .n
si at
eb nn
W ja
st //vu
Be tp:
ht

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