3G TECHNOLOGY

Ankit Khurana Gopesh Sharma

Student B.Tech 3rd year ECE Student B.Tech 3rd year ECE

Poornima College of Engineering, Jaipur Poornima College of Engineering,jaipur

ankitkhurana1@gmail.com gopesh.ssharma@gmail.com

Govind kumar Sharma

Student B.Tech 3rd year ECE

Poornima College of Engineering, Jaipur

govind_sharma17@yahoo.co.in

ABSTRUCT:
It's boom time for mobile phones in India. And people are looking forward to more
information, faster data access and multimedia services through their mobile phones. 3G
technology is here to turn this dream into reality. It's a technology anxiously awaited by
telecom operations and subscribers in India. The dream of 3G is to unify the world's mobile
computing devices through a single, worldwide radio transmission standard. Imagine being
able to go anywhere in the world secure in the knowledge that your mobile phone is
compatible with the local system, a scenario known as "global roaming". The process of
unifying the numerous international standards has proved to be extremely difficult. After
difficult negotiation, a 3G "standard" called IMT-2000 emerged as a rather unsatisfactory
compromise. IMT-2000, in fact, represents several incompatible standards lumped together
under one banner. The hope of IMT-2000 is that phones using these different standards will
be able to move seamlessly between all networks, thus providing global roaming.
1. INTRODUCTION
This paper contains following section:

Section 1: Definition

Section 2: Implementations

Section 3: Network Standardization

Section 4: Road Map to evolution of 3G

Section 5: Principle

Section 6: Advancements in wireless communication up to 3G

Section 7: Features of 3G System

Section 8: Security

Section 9: Applications

Section 10: Issues

1. Definition:
3G stands for the third generation of wireless communication technology, especially mobile
communications. It refers to pending improvements in wireless data and voice
communications through any of a variety of proposed standards.

It is based on the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) family of standards under

the International Mobile Telecommunications programme, IMT-2000.

3G technologies enable network operators to offer users a wider range of more advanced
services while achieving greater network capacity through improved spectral efficiency.

2. Implementations

The first pre-commercial 3G network was launched by NTT DoCoMo in Japan branded
FOMA, incommercial launch of 3G was also by NTT DoCoMo in Japan on October 1, 2001.
The second network to go commercially live was by SK Telecom in South Korea on the
 CDMA2000 1xEV-DO technology in January 2002. By May 2002 the second South Korean
3G network was launched by KTF on EV-DO and thus the Koreans were the first to see
competition among 3G operators.

Network standardization

The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) defined the demands for 3G mobile
networks with the IMT-2000 standard. An organization called 3rd Generation Partnership
Project (3GPP) has continued that work by defining a mobile system that fulfills the IMT-
2000 standard. This system is called Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
(UMTS).

The Road Map to evolution of 3G

There are multiple stepping-stones on way to 3G networks. The earlier generation networks
like GSM 2G, GPRS 2.5G and EDGE 2.75G have at best been intermittent technologies.
They have provided improvements over the previous ones but always had a limitation in
terms of data transfer, and hence the user experience was limited.

With 2.5G or GPRS (general packet radio service) the data transfer speeds were around 48
kbps and on 2.75G that is EDGE (enhanced data GSM environment) theoretical data transfer
was up to384 kbps (actual was under 100 kbps).

These have at best been temporary solutions on road to the high-speed broadband wireless
experience that will be available on 3G.
3. Principle

3G systems are based on two parallel backbone infrastructures, one consisting of circuit
switched nodes, and one of packet oriented nodes. The ITU defines a specific set of air
interface technologies as third generation, as part of the IMT-2000 initiative. Currently,
transition is happening from 2G to 3G systems.

3G helps to simultaneously transfer both voice data (a telephone call) and non-voice data
(such as downloading information, exchanging e-mail, and instant messaging. The highlight
of 3G is video telephony.

4. Advancements in wireless communication up to 3G:

3G Wireless

Combines a mobile phone,

2.5G Wireless laptop PC and TV

2G Wireless The best technology Features includes:

now widely available - Phone calls/fax
The technology of - Global roaming
most current digital Features includes: - Send/receive large email
mobile phones - Phone calls/fax messages
- Voice mail - High-speed Web
Features includes: -Send/receive large Navigation/maps
- Phone calls email messages Videoconferencing
- Voice mail - Web browsings - TV streaming
- Receive simple - Navigation/maps - Electronic agenda
email messages - New updates meeting reminder.

Speed: 10kb/sec Speed: 64-144kb/sec Speed: 144kb/sec-2mb/sec

Time to download a Time to download a Time to download a 3min

3min MP3 song: 3min MP3 song: MP3 song:
31-41 min 6-9min 11sec-1.5min
5. Features of 3G Systems

Key features of 3G systems are a high degree of commonality of design worldwide,

compatibility of services, use of small pocket terminals with worldwide roaming capability,
Internet and other multimedia applications, and a wide range of services and terminals.

a. Speed: The 3G wireless networks will be capable of transferring data at the speed
of 384 kbps going up to 2 mbps. Average speed for 3G networks will range
between 128 kbps-384 kbps. It is a huge leap when compared to the available
wireless data speeds of under 100 kbps on EDGE that is the 2.75G on the GSM
network.
b. Capability to support circuit and packet data at high bit rates:
- 144 kilobits/second or higher in high mobility (vehicular) traffic.
- 384 kilobits/second for pedestrian traffic.
- 2 Megabits/second or higher for indoor traffic
c. Interoperability and roaming.
d. Common billing/user profiles:
-Sharing of usage/rate information between service providers.
-Standardized call detail recording.
-Standardized user profiles.
e. -Capability to determine geographic position of mobiles and report it to both the
network and the mobile terminal.
f. Support of multimedia services/capabilities:-
-Fixed and variable rate bit traffic Bandwidth on demand.
- Asymmetric data rates in the forward and reverse links.
- Multimedia mail store and forward.
- Broadband access up to 2 Megabits/second.

8.How much spectrum has been granted to mobile companies?

Under the licence agreement with the department of telecommunication, GSM operators are
entitled to spectrum up to 6.2 MHz while CDMA operators have been permitted spectrum up
to 5 MHz .

However, a recent report states that three leading operators have excess spectrum beyond 6.2
is no Cabinet approval for allocations beyond 6.2 Mhz MHz and there.

9. Security:

3G networks offer a greater degree of security than 2G predecessors. By allowing the UE to

authenticate the network it is attaching to, the user can be sure the network is the intended
one and not an impersonator. 3G networks use the KASUMI block crypto instead of the older
A5/1 stream cipher.

In addition to the 3G network infrastructure security, end to end security is offered when
application frameworks such as IMS are accessed, although this is not strictly a 3G property.
 10.Applications

Services include wide-area wireless voice telephony, video calls, and broadband wireless
data, all in a mobile environment.

3G services will enable video broadcast and data-intensive services such as stock
transactions, e-learning and telemedicine through wireless communications.

Additional features also include HSPA data transmission capabilities able to deliver speeds
up to 14.4Mbit/s on the downlink and 5.8Mbit/s on the uplink.

Unlike IEEE 802.11 (common names Wi-Fi or WLAN) networks, 3G networks are wide
area cellular telephone networks which evolved to incorporate high-speed internet access
and video telephony.

While 3G is generally considered applicable mainly to mobile wireless, it is also relevant to

fixed wireless and portable wireless. A 3G system should be operational from any location
on, or over, the earth's surface, including use in homes, businesses, government offices,
medical establishments, the military, personal and commercial land vehicles, private and
commercial watercraft and marine craft, private and commercial aircraft (except where
passenger use restrictions apply), portable (pedestrians, hikers, cyclists, campers), and space
stations and spacecraft.

Issues

Although 3G was successfully introduced to users across the world, some issues are debated
by 3G providers and users:

Expensive input fees for the 3G service licenses.

Numerous differences in the licensing terms.

Large amount of debt currently sustained by many telecommunication companies, which

makes it a challenge to build the necessary infrastructure for 3G.

Lack of member state support for financially troubled operators.

Expense of 3G phones.

Lack of buy-in by 2G mobile users for the new 3G wireless services

Lack of coverage, because it is still a new service.

High prices of 3G mobile services in some countries, including Internet access (see flat rate).

Current lack of user need for 3G voice and data services in a hand-held device.
 High power usage.

Huge capital required to build infrastructure for 3G services.

Health impact of electromagnetic waves.

RESULT

3G services will add an invaluable mobile dimension to services that are already becoming
an integral part of modern business life: Internet and Intranet access, video-conferencing, and
interactive application sharing.

Even with 3G spectrums, your mobile can work for you even while you sleep. It sets your
travel schedule and checks for jams along your route, whether you take the car/bus or the
train. It can double up as cash and plastic money, a one-instrument payment system to pay
for your tickets and purchases by simply texting the bank.

CONCLUTIONS:

In the near future, mobility won't be an add-on: it will become a fundamental aspect of
many services. We'll expect high-speed access to the internet, entertainment, information
and electronic commerce (e-commerce) services wherever we are - not just at our desktop
computers, home PCs or television sets.

REFERENCE:

1. Cellular Standards for the Third Generation". ITU (2005-12-01).

2. ITU Radio communication Assembly approves new developments for its 3G standards.

3..Holma and Toskala (editors), WCDMA for UMTS, (Wiley, 2000) first book dedicated to 3G technology, ISBN 978-0471720515 .

4.Ahonen and Barrett (editors), Services for UMTS (Wiley, 2002) first book on the services for 3G, ISBN 978-0471485506 .

5.Laiho, Wacker and Novosad, Radio Network Planning and Optimization for UMTS (Wiley, 2002) first book on radio network planning for 3G,
ISBN 978-0470015759 .

6.Ahonen, M-Profits Making Money with 3G (Wiley, 2002), first business book about 3G, ISBN 978-0470847756.

7.Ahonen, Kasper and Melkko, 3G Marketing (Wiley, 2004), first marketing book for 3G, ISBN 978-0470851005.

8.Kreher and Ruedebusch, UMTS Signaling: UMTS Interfaces, Protocols, Message Flows and Procedures Analyzed and Explained (Wiley
2007), ISBN 978-0470065334.