Q.

1 Hypothesis can not stated in

. Clear terms
. Logical terms
. Simple terms
. Question form

Q.2 A good hypothesis should be

Precise, specific and consistent with most known facts
Of limited scope and should not have general or global significance
Tested by the given data
All of the above

Q.3 Research is done for

Interest in research
Knowledge of research techniques
Experience in conducting research
Interest in the discipline concerned

Q.4 One of the essential characteristics of research is

Generalizability
Usability
Objectivity
Respectability

Q.5 Logic of induction is very close to

The logic of sampling
The logic of observation
The logic of the controlled variables
None of the above

Q.6 For accuracy researcher should

Increase the sampling
Unbiased
Keep the variance high
All the above

Q.7 A good research always begins with

An original idea
Preparation of the plan & design for study
Study of relevant research methodology
Study of what research others has done
Q.8 An investigator studied the census data for a given area and prepared a write
up based on them Such a write-up is called:
Research paper
Article
Thesis
Research report

Q.9 A research problem is feasible only when

it is researchable
it is new
it has some utility
all of the above

Q.10 A researcher selects a probability sample of 100 out of the total population.
It is
Random sampling
Cluster Sampling
Systematic sampling
none of the above

CODING & DECODING

01. A military code writes TARGET as RATTEG. Using the same code, BRIDGE should be written
as

A) DGEBRI B) IRBDGE C) BRIEGD D) IRBEGD

02. In a certain code DELHI is written as CDKGH and MADRAS as IZCQZR, how will PATNA be
coded then?

A) OZTMZ B) OZSMZ C) QBUMB D) OZTZM

03. If QUESTION is coded as NXBVQLLQ, how will REPLY be coded?

A) VHSOB B) OHMOV C) YHMOV D) OBMIV

04. If in a certain language KNOWLEDGE is coded as 256535475, how is GENERAL coded in

that language?

A) 7555993 B) 7555393 C) 7555913 D) 7555918

05. If INDUS is coded as 03865 and TENNIS is coded as 243305, then how will you code
STUDENT?
 A) 5628323 B) 5648324 C) 5268432 D) 5268234

06. If SUN is coded as 9, what will be the code for NUN?

A) 11 B) 12 C) 13 D) 14

07. If TOM = 48 and DICK = 27, then JERRY = ?

A) 74 B) 76 C) 78 D) 80

SPOTTING OUT THE DISSIMILAR

01. (A) 5 Rupee (B) 10 Rupee (C) 100 Rupee (D) 1 Rupee

02. (A) Pigeon (B) Crow (C) Bat (D) Parrot

03. (A) UNICEF (B) SAARC (C) IMF (D) WHO

04. (A) Cabin (B) Chamber (C) Veranda (D) Room

05. (A) January (B) March (C) July (D) September

06. (A) Lungs (B) Liver (C) Heart (D) Eyes

07. (A) Gold (B) Silver (C) Mercury (D) Aluminium

08. (A) 9 (B) 28 (C) 65 (D) 125

09. (A) 43 (B) 53 (C) 63 (D) 73

10. (A) Bharat Ratna (B) Padma Shri

(C) Padma Bhushan (D) Ashok Chakra

SERIES COMPLETION

01. 1, 8, 27, ..........

(A) 34 (B) 44 (C) 54 (D) 64

02. 5, 9, 16, 29, 54, 103, ..........

 (A) 94 (B) 124 (C) 164 (D) 200

03. 0, 7, 26, 63, ..........

(A) 98 (B) 108 (C) 124 (D) 152

04. 17, 27, 37, 56, ..........

(A) 49 (B) 57 (C) 62 (D) 71

05. 7 5 9 7 12 13

x | y

9 6 6 4 10 ?

(A) 5 (B) 6 (C) 8 (D) 11

06. A D E H I L ..........

(A) M N (B) M O (C) M P (D) M Q

07. J E Z U P ..........

(A) K (B) M (C) O (D) P

08. A G L P S ..........

(A) U (B) V (C) W (D) X

09. H M C

J N F

L O ?

(A) P (B) N (C) H (D) I

10. K-11, M-13, P-16, T-20, ..........

(A) U-21 (B) V-23 (C) Y-25 (D) W-27

11. D 21 I 14 ?
 23 F 18 M ?

(A) J / 13 (B) R / 9 (C) P / 13 (D) S / 9

ARRANGEMENTS

01. Q is shorter than P but taller than R. R is shorter than P but taller than A. If they stand in
the ascending order of their heights, the sequence will be

A) AQRP B) ARQP C) QPAR D) RPQA

02. Shyam is taller than Pradeep and Pradeep is equal to Anurag. Anand is smaller than Suresh
who is equal to Anurag. If Pradeep is taller than Praveen, who is the tallest of all?

A) Pradeep B) Praveen C) Shyam D) Suresh

03. The cricket ball is lighter than the hockey ball and the volleyball is lighter than the football.
Hockey ball is lighter than the football but heavier than the tennis ball. Which of the
following is heaviest?

A) Football B) Cricket ball C) Hockey ball D) Tennis ball

04. Hari is 6 months younger to Sita and 1 month older to Anitha. Babu is 3 months younger to
Anitha. When Sheela was born, Babu was 2 months old. Who among the following is oldest?

A) Anitha B) Babu C) Sita D) Hari

05. Six students are sitting in a row. K is sitting between V and R. V is sitting next to M. M is
sitting next to B, who is sitting on the extreme left and Q is sitting next to R. Then who are
sitting adjacent to V?

A) Q & K B) K & R C) B & M D) M & K

DIRECTION SENSE

01. If Rahim moves 20 meters in East direction and then turns his left and moves 15 meters.
Then he turns to his right and moves 25 meters. After this, he turns to his right and moves
15 meters. Now how far is he from his starting point?

A) 25 Meters B) 40 Meters C) 45 Meters D) 50 Meters

02. A and B started from a fixed place. A moves towards North and after walking 3 km, turns
his right and covers 4 km. B moves towards West and walks 5 km and then turns to his
right and walks 3 km. Now how far A and B are from each other?
 A) 4 Km B) 5 Km C) 8 Km D) 9 Km

03. Anu walks 100 yards straight from her house, which is facing north and then she walks 200
yards in the reverse direction. Further she takes a left turn and walks 100 yards. In which
direction is Anu now from her original position?

A) North-East B) North-West C) South-East D) South-West

04. Vijay starts walking straight towards East. After walking 75 meters, he turns to his left and
walks 25 meters straight. Again he turns to the left and walks a distance of 40 meters
straight. Again he turns to his left and walks a distance of 25 meters. How far is he from
the starting point?

A) 25 Meters B) 35 Meters C) 55 Meters d) 65 Meters

05. The post office is in the East of the school while my house is in the south of the school. The
market is in the North of the post office. If the distance of the market from the post office is
equal to the distance of my house from the school, in which direction is the market with
respect to my house?

A) North B) East C) North-East D) North-West

TIME SEQUENCE

01. If the day, 2 days after tomorrow be Thursday, what day would have been 2 days before
yesterday?

A) Thursday B) Friday C) Saturday D) Sunday

02. A day after tomorrow will be X-Mas day. What will be the day on New Year day if today is
Monday?

A) Monday B) Tuesday C) Wednesday D) Thursday

03. Manish was born on 3rd March 1980. Sajiv was born 4 days before Manish. The Republic
Day of that year fell on Saturday. Then, which day was Sajiv’s birthday?

A) Wednesday B) Thursday C) Friday D) Saturday

04. If 3rd of the month falls on Friday, what day will be on the 4th day after 21st of the month?

A) Wednesday B) Thursday C) Friday D) Saturday

05. If Saturday falls 4 days after today that is 6th January, on what day did the 1 st of December
of the previous year fall?

A) Monday B) Wednesday C) Friday D) Saturday

BLOOD RELATION

01. A man was going with a girl. Some body asked his relationship with the girl. He replied, “My
paternal uncle is the paternal uncle of her paternal uncles”. What is the relationship
between the man and the girl?

A) Father & Mother B) Father & Daughter

C) Daughter & Maternal uncle D) Brother-in-law & Sister-in-law

02. Pointing at a photo, Dinesh said, “His father is the only son of my father”. The photo
belongs to

A) Dinesh B) Dinesh’s Brother

C) Dinesh’s Father D) Dinesh’s Son

03. A man said to a lady, “the son of your only brother is the brother of my wife”. What is the
lady to the man?

A) Daughter-in-Law B) Sister of Father-in-Law

C) Mother-in-Law D) Grand Mother

04. If A is brother of B and K. D is the mother of B and E is the father of A. Which one of the
following statements is not definitely true?

A) B is the brother of K B) A is the son of D

C) A is the father of K D) D is the wife of E

05. A and B are brothers. C and D are sisters. A’s son is D’s brother. How is B related to C?

A) Brother B) Father C) Uncle D) Grand Father

MATHEMATICAL ABILITY

01. If 45 x 37 = 47, 57 x 64 = 58 and 94 x 27 = 46, then what is 84 x 36?

 A) 42 B) 48 C) 52 D) 58

02. If 1 = 1, 2 = 4, 3 = 10 and 4 = 22, then 5 is equal to

A) 34 B) 39 C) 44 D) 46

03. If 5 x 8 = 28, 3 x 7 = 12, 8 x 6 = 35, then find the value of 13 x 13

A) 124 B) 134 C) 144 D) 154

04. If 58’12 = 4, 37’96 = 5 and 11’20 = 2, then what is 42’12?

A) 2 B) 3 C) 4 D) 5

05. Find out the number that does not have the same property shared by others

A) 6385 B) 7496 C) 5274 D) 4176

06. There is a common property shared by all the four numbers given below. Four clues are
given to find out the common property. Find out which clue helps you to identify the
common property

Numbers: 5730, 4724, 6312, and 8316

Clues:

A) All the four digits B) First two digits

C) First two and the last two digits D) First & third & second & fourth digits

07. Find the missing element in the following matrix

0 3 8

15 24 35

48 ? 80

A) 63 B) 64 C) 65 D) 66

08. Find the missing element in the following matrix

8 6 4
 3 ? 7

14 16 18

A) 4 B) 5 C) 6 D) 7

09. If ‘x’ means ‘/’, ‘-’ means ‘x’, ‘/’ means ‘+’ and ‘+’ means ‘-’, then the expression (3 - 5 /
17) x 8 / 6 will be

A) 10 B) 12 C) 14 D) 16

10. The average age of 30 students in a class is 16. If the teacher’s age is included, the
average increases by one. Then what is the teacher’s age?

A) 36 B) 37 C) 46 D) 47

11. If the present age of ‘x’ is half that of ‘y’ and after 20 years, if the age of ‘y’ is 1.5 times
more than ‘x’, then what is the age of ‘x’ now?

A) 10 B) 15 C) 20 D) 25

12. The average age of husband and wife was 22 years when they were married 5 years back.
What is the present average age of the family if they have a 3 years old child?

A) 16 B) 17 C) 18 D) 19

13. Sharma’s salary is 50% above Varma’s salary. What percent is Varma’s salary below
Sharma’s?

A) 50% B) 33.x% C) 66.x% D) 75%

14. Rajan can do a piece of work in 42 days. Ramesh is 50% more efficient than Rajan. In how
many days can Ramesh finish the work?

A) 21 Days B) 24 Days C) 26 Days D) 28 Days

Probable Solutions are as under

1) Coding and Decoding
1.c 2.b 3.b 4.c 5.c 6. 7.b
2) Spotting the Dissimilar
1.d 2.c 3.b 4.c 5.d 6.d 7.c 8. 9.
10.d
3) Series Completion
1.d 2.d 3.c 4.b 5. 6.c 7.a 8.a 9.d
10.c 11.d
4) Arrangements
1.b 2.c 3.a 4.c 5.d
5) Directions
1.c 2.d 3.c 4.b 5.a
6) Time Sequence
1.b 2.c 3.b 4.d 5.a
7) Blood Relations
1.b 2.d 3.b 4.c 5.c
8) Mathematical Ability
1. 2. 3. 4.d 5.d 6. 7.a 8.b 9.a
10.d 11.c 12.d 13.b 14.d
Please rectify my mistakes, if any. Feel free to contact me for a discussion on the
above topics. My mail id is ajitgeorge4u@yahoo.com

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

►
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
NOUFAL PALATHINGAL


Research is an art of scientific investigation. It refers to a search for

knowledge. It is a scientific and systematic search for pertinent

information on a specific topic. It is actually a voyage of discovery, a

movement from the known to the unknown.



According to Clifford Woody, research comprises defining and

redefining problems, formulating hypothesis or suggested solutions;

collecting, organising and evaluating data; making deductions and

reaching conclusions; and at last carefully testing the conclusions to

determine whether they fit the formulating hypothesis.


Research is, thus, an original contribution to the existing stock of

knowledge making for its advancement. It is the pursuit of truth with the

help of study, observation, comparison and experiment.


Every letter of the term‘RE SE ARCH’ has a special and dignified
meaning as
R :
Rational way of thinking
E :
Expert and exhaustive treatment
S :
Search for solution
E :
Exactness
A :
Analytical analysis of adequate data
R :
Relationships of facts
C :
Careful recording, Critical observation, Constructive attitude,
Condensed generalisations
H :
Honesty and hardwork

The basic steps or procedural guideline regarding the research
process may be summed up as
01.
Formulating the research problem
02.
Extensive literature survey / Review of literature
03.
Developing the hypothesis
04.
Preparing the research design
05.
Determining the sample design
06.
Collecting the data
07.
Execution of the project
08.
Analysis of data
09.
Testing of the hypothesis
10.
Generalisations and interpretation &
11.
Presentation of the results / Formal write-up of the conclusions
reached

Good research is systematic, logical, empirical and replicable.

2

Descriptive Research

Descriptive research includes surveys and fact finding enquiries. In this method, the researcher has no

control over the research variables. He can only report what has happened or what is happening. It is also

known as ‘ex-post facto research .’


Analytical Research
Under th is type of research, the researcher has to use facts or information already available,
and
analyse these information to make a critical evaluation of the material.

Fundamental Research

Fundamental research is mainly concerned with generalisations and with the formulation of a theory.

Discovery and the development of an organised set of scientific knowledge is the subject matter of

fundamental research. It can be experimented in a laboratory. It does not involve any results of immediate

application or practical value. It is also known as ‘pure research ’ or ‘basic research .’


Applied Research

Applied research aims at finding a soluti on for an immediate problem. The central aim is to discover a

solution for an immediate practical problem. It is not concerned with the development of any theory. It is

also known as ‘action research .’


Quantitative Research
Quantitative research is app licable to a phenomenon that can be expressed in terms of quantity.
It
is based on the measurement of quantity or amount.

Qualitative Research

Qualitativ e research is concerned with qualitative phenomenon, that is, the phenomena relating to or

involving quality or kind. It aims at discovering the underlying motives, desires and attitudes of qualitative

phenomenon. It is specially important in behavioural sciences.


Conceptual Research
This type of research is related to some abstract ideas or theory. It is generally used to develop
new
concepts or to reinterpret existing ones.

Empirical Research

Empirical research is data-based research, coming up with conclusions w hich a re capable of being verified

by observation or experiment. The evidence gathered through experiments or empirical studies is

considered to be the most powerful support for a given hypothesis.


Clinical or Diagnostic Research

This type of research follows case study methods or in-depth approaches to reach the basic causal

relations. Such studies usually go deep into the causes of things or events that interest us, using very small

samples and very deep probing data gathering devices.


Exploratory Research and Formalised Research

Exploratory research is primarily concerned with the development of hypotheses rather than their testing

where as Formalised research studies are those with substantial structure and with specific h y p o t h e s e s t o

be tested.
