Professional Documents
Culture Documents
For Fight Back! references, news, follow-ups, and to offer your own
links, feedback, and suggestions for further reading on the protests,
please visit the Fight Back! page, at http://opendemocracy.net/
ourkingdom/ourkingdom/fight-back.
http://www.bit.ly/fightbackUK
A Reader on the Winter of Protest
Editor: Dan Hancox
Editorial Kettle: Guy Aitchison, Siraj Datoo, Cailean Gallagher, Laurie
Penny, Aaron Peters and Paul Sagar
Published by openDemocracy via OurKingdom.
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Published in print March 2011
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Contents
Contents
NOTE FROM THE EDITOR ............................................................. 10
FOREWORD .................................................................................. 12
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Anthony Barnett, openDemocracy
OVERVIEWS ................................................................................. 30
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Laurie Penny and Rowenna Davies, openDemocracy
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Cailean Gallagher, Oxford Left Review
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Guy Aitchison and Aaron Peters
THE DEMONSTRATIONS ................................................................ 62
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Laurie Penny, New Statesman
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Guy Aitchison, openDemocracy
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Sophie Burge, TheSite.org
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Paul Sagar, Bad Conscience
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Oliver Huitson, openDemocracy
THE OCCUPATIONS .......................................................................96
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Oliver Wainwright, Building Design
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Joanna Biggs, London Review of Books
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Genevieve Dawson
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THE FLASH MOBS....................................................................... 124
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Contents
Alan Finlayson ,openDemocracy
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THE UNIVERSITIES ......................................................................138
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Aaron Peters, openDemocracy
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Rosemary Bechler, openDemocracy
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Trevor Smith, openDemocracy
THE UNDER 19S .......................................................................... 176
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Anthony Painter, Left Foot Forward
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Ben Martin
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THE STATE AND VIOLENCE ......................................................... 196
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James Butler, Pierce Penniless
8
Contents
Rory Rowan, Critical Legal Thinking
THE TRADE UNIONS ................................................................... 236
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Len McCluskey, The Guardian
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Keith Ewing, openDemocracy
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John Stuttle, openDemocracy
THE AESTHETICS ....................................................................... 246
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Jesse Darling, Brave New What
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Dan Hancox
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THE GENERATIONS ..................................................................... 278
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Anthony Barnett, New Statesman
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Gerry Hassan, The Scotsman
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Nick Pearce, IPPR
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Laurie Penny, The Guardian
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Maeve McKeown, UCL Occupation Blog
AFTERWORDS ............................................................................. 304
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Markus Malarkey, Ceasefire
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Guy Aitchison, openDemocracy
APPENDICES............................................................................... 320
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Note From The Editor
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Foreword: A Fight For The Future
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Foreword: A Fight For The Future
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Foreword: A Fight For The Future
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Foreword: A Fight For The Future
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Foreword: A Fight For The Future
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Foreword: A Fight For The Future
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Foreword: A Fight For The Future
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Foreword: A Fight For The Future
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Foreword: A Fight For The Future
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Foreword: A Fight For The Future
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Foreword: A Fight For The Future
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Foreword: A Fight For The Future
29
Overviews
OVERVIEWS
30
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31
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33
You say you want a revolution...
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34
You say you want a revolution...
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35
You say you want a revolution...
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36
You say you want a revolution...
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37
You say you want a revolution...
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38
From the Reactive to the Creative
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39
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The Open-Sourcing of Political Activism: How the internet and networks help build resistance
The Open-Sourcing of
Political Activism: How the
internet and networks help
build resistance
Guy Aitchison and Aaron Peters
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The Open-Sourcing of Political Activism: How the internet and networks help build resistance
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The Open-Sourcing of Political Activism: How the internet and networks help build resistance
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The Open-Sourcing of Political Activism: How the internet and networks help build resistance
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The Open-Sourcing of Political Activism: How the internet and networks help build resistance
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The Open-Sourcing of Political Activism: How the internet and networks help build resistance
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60
The Open-Sourcing of Political Activism: How the internet and networks help build resistance
61
The Demonstrations
THE
DEMONSTRATIONS
After the publication of the Browne Report in October 2010, there
was a surge of dissent and debate, in response to the radical changes to
the British education system that lay ahead. To take part in the
protest movement in November and December was to experience an
intense, ever-evolving process that began with a traditional march,
and ended with a siege of parliament itself.
On 10 November, the first major demonstration against the
Conservative-Lib Dem coalition proposals took place. Over 50,000
students and sympathetic parties took to the streets, and several
hundred occupied the Conservative HQ at Millbank Tower in
London, cheered on by thousands more. In the month that followed
Millbank, a series of street demonstrations took place in the capital,
supported by numerous other actions, protests and occupations across
the country in opposition to the government's fees and cuts agenda.
Each of the major protests was characterised by different tactics
and effects – and widely identified by the Twitter hashtags protesters
used to follow developments: #dayx, #dayx2, and #dayx3.
The first, #dayx, was characterised by the iconoclastic storming
and occupation of Millbank.
The second, #dayx2, became known as ‘the cat-and-mouse protest’,
because it saw separate tributaries of the main demonstration
spontaneously split off to escape Police kettling, running miles
through the London snow from Victoria to Bank, from the Barbican
to Trafalgar Square.
62
The Demonstrations
The third, #dayx3, took place on the day the House of Commons
voted in favour of the rise in tuition fees: as the vote was passed,
shortly after 5.30pm, thousands of protesters remained kettled
directly outside in Parliament Square. The protesters variously
danced, chanted, made new friends, clashed with Riot Police, and
even tried to storm the Treasury building – later, over a thousand
protesters were kettled on Westminster Bridge, in a situation so
dangerous a doctor warned that a Hillsborough type disaster had
been only narrowly averted.
Each demonstration was different, in its tactics, and in the effect it
produced. As Jonathan Moses writes in this section, “a British
institution – the protest march – was undergoing a transformative
moment”.
63
Inside the Millbank Tower riots
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Postmodernism in the
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Jonathan Moses, openDemocracy
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The Occupations
THE OCCUPATIONS
While students and activists took to the streets in protest, there were
the in-between times to think about – and the need to inculcate
greater support, awareness, and activist skills within the student
movement: over 30 universities across the country went into
occupation, many for weeks, with students living, eating, and
sleeping in the occupied space. This had great practical benefits,
creating spaces to share ideas, build solidarity networks, and plan
future protests and actions – and it was also, as Owen Hatherley
argues, a symbolic response to the wider privatisation of public space
that New Labour had pursued: “It is a protest against the coalition,
to be sure, but it's also a magnificent rejection of the fear, quietism
and atomisation that was the result of earlier policies. The students'
use of space is fearless.”
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(?::B;I;N M>?9>C7:;J>;FHEJ;IJIJ>;H;IEKDB?A;
E99KF7J?EDI7JJ>;.9>EEBE<*H?;DJ7B7D:I?7D.JK:?;I
_.*.`EHJ>;'ED:ED.9>EEBE< 9EDEC?9I_'. ` ?IJ>7J
J>;?DIJ?JKJ?ED?I7BH;7:OJ>;CE:;BE<J>;D;EB?8;H7B
KD?L;HI?JO^:?IF;HI;: 7JEC?I;: M?J>DEF7HJ?9KB7HJH7:?J?EDI
E<"BEH?EKI-;8;BB?ED
$< 7I(7HA!?I>;H7H=K;:?D>?I8EEA7F?J7B?IJ-;7B?IC
J>;OEKJ>FHEJ;IJI?D!H7D9;^?DM>?9>IJK:;DJI
:;CEDIJH7J;:7=7?DIJ78?BBJ>7JMEKB:>7L;7BBEM;:
;CFBEO;HIJE<?H;F;EFB;KD:;HJ>;7=;E<JM;DJO]I?NCEH;
;7I?BO^M;H;;7I?BOFH;I;DJ;:7I9EDI;HL7J?L;7JJ;CFJIEDJ>;
F7HJE<J>;IJK:;DJIJEH;J7?DFH?L?B;=;I J>;D(?::B;I;N 7D:
J>;FHEJ;IJIE<M?DJ;H
7H;J>;EFFEI?J;^H7J>;H J>;O
7H;M>7J>7FF;DIM>;D7D7BH;7:OD;EB?8;H7B?I;:IJK:;DJ
8E:OJH?;IJEFEB?J?9?I;?JI;B<
$< 7I(?::B;I;N*99KF7J?ED
87DD;HI?DI?IJ;: J>?IF7HJ?9KB7HKD?L;HI?JO?I7<79JEHO J>;D
B?A;J>;<79JEHO?J>7IB;7HDJED;E<J>;FH?D9?F7BB;IIEDIE<
J>;JM;DJ?;J>9;DJKHO^?<OEKM7DJJE7LE?:9ED<B?9J
:;9;DJH7B?I; 8;<7H7M7O<HECJ>;_?C7=?D;:`9;DJH;IE<
FEM;H :?I7FF;7H<HECFK8B?9L?;M 7D:C7A;J>;GK;IJ?EDE<
M>E79JK7BBO>EB:IFEM;H7IEF7GK;7IFEII?8B;
/>;J79J?9IE<IKHFH?I;7D:IF;9J79B;KI;:7J(?::B;I;N
>7L;9B;7H9EHH;IFED:;D9;M?J>J>EI;KI;:8OH;9;DJ
E99KF?;HI 7B8;?J>;H;ED7CK9>B7H=;HI97B;
JJ>;<?HIJ
C7@EHE99KF7J?ED 7J.*.?D)EL;C8;H
?JM7I
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120
The Occupation of Space
/>;IF7J?7BFEB?J?9IE<J>;E99KF7J?EDIJ>;CI;BL;I7H;
E8L?EKIBOMEHJ>9EDI?:;H7J?ED
!HECM>7J$9EKB:I;;7J
0'?D;9;C8;H J>;J;D:7OIE<>KD:H;:IE<F;EFB;
IB;;F?D=JE=;J>;H?DED;L;HOB7H=;HEEC>7:8HEK=>J7
9;HJ7?D?DJ;DI?JOJEJ>;FHE9;;:?D=I 7D:>7:I>EMD>EM
CK9>J>;FHEJ;IJI7H;8;9EC?D=DEJ@KIJ79H?J?GK;E<J>;
I?D=KB7HBO=HEJ;IGK;C?BB?ED7?H;I7KIJ;H?JO=EL;HDC;DJ 8KJ
7BIE7D7JJ;CFJJE?C7=?D;7D;MA?D:E<;L;HO:7OB?<;
2>;D
$IFEA;J>;H;78EKJIJK:;DJ>EKI?D=7D:J>;7JHE9?EKID;II
J>;H;E< CEH;J>7DED;E<J>;7II;C8B;:IJK:;DJII7?:
IEC;J>?D=7BED=J>;B?D;IE<4;I M;ADEMJ>7JI7M<KB OEK
:EDJD;;:JEJ;BBKI^8KJM;H;>;H;9H;7J?D=IEC;J>?D=
:?<<;H;DJ IEC;J>?D=FEI?J?L; 8OEKHI;BL;I
121
The Occupation of Space
J>;OGK?J;7IJED?I>?D=BOC;:?7]I7LLO^ED;9EHD;HE<J>;
HEEC 7HEKD:J78B;:EJJ;:M?J>B7FJEFI 8EH;J>;J?JB;
- .+*). 7D:M7I9EDIJ7DJBOI;D:?D=EKJ9ECCKD?GKSI
ED/M?JJ;H7D:;BI;M>;H;^8KJJ>;OM;H;7BIEA;;DJEKI;
J>;IF79;7HEKD:JE:H7M7JJ;DJ?EDJEJ>;?H:;C7D:I7D:
J>EI;E<J>;IJK:;DJCEL;C;DJ?D=;D;H7B
/>?IM7IF7HJE<
J>;H7J?ED7B;8;>?D:J>;?H?DLEBL;C;DJ?DF?9A;JIE<
1E:7<ED;_M>E7BB;=;:BOH;9;DJBO;L7:;:d8?BB?ED?DJ7N`
7D:E</EFI>EF_M>EI;8EII+>?B?F"H;;D?I7BIE7BB;=;:BO
8EJ>7FHEB?<?9J7N7LE?:;H7D:7EDI;HL7J?L;]'?8;H7B
9E7B?J?ED7:L?I;H M>?9>C7A;I7DEDI;DI;E<J>;9E7B?J?EDI
7BH;7:OEKJH7=;EKIIBE=7DM;H;7BB?DJ>?IJE=;J>;H`
$JM7I
7BIEJ>;H7J?ED7B;8;>?D:ED;E<J>;FHEJ;IJICEH;?DIF?H;:
79J?EDI 7J;CFEH7HOE99KF7J?EDE<J>;D;7H8O KIJED
.J7J?ED 7FEB?J?9?I7J?EDE<J>;I;;C?D=BO7:L;HJ?I?D=]8EKD:
J;9>D?GK;E<J>;<B7I>CE8
IM;BB7IKI?D=J>;IF79;JE
7H=K;J>;?H97I;JEJ>;7II;C8B;:9ECCKJ;HI 0'IJK:;DJI
7BIEFHE:K9;:7F7HE:?9 L;D?D=.K8IJ7D:7H:D;MIF7F;H ?D7
FH;I9?;DJH;9E=D?J?EDE<J>;C;:?7I>EIJ?B?JOJEJ>;C
/>;
DEM]KJEF?7D_8KJED9;CKD:7D;BOIE9?7B:;CE9H7J?9`
FHEC?I;E<?JI>;7:B?D; );M H7E<2;B<7H;<EHBB I>EM;:
J>;IJK:;DJI9EDJ;CFJ<EHJ>;FH;L7?B?D=H>;JEH?9E<=K?BJO
C7IE9>?ICFH;I;DJ?D=?JI;B<7I7KIJ;H?JO
/>KI<7H J>;IJK:;DJCEL;C;DJ>7IJH?;:JE7LE?:J>;
J;:?KC7D:FH;:?9J78?B?JOJ>7JC7HH;:J>;B7IJ:;97:;E<
FHEJ;IJ?DJ>;0&^M>;J>;HJ>;FEB?J; 7D:<EH7BB?JI
DKC8;HI;7I?BO?=DEH;: .JEFJ>;27HFHEJ;IJI?D EH
J>;L7H?EKIIF7HI;BO7JJ;D:;:7HD?L7BI7=7?DIJ7F?J7B?IC
M>?9>M;H;KIK7BBO;7I?BOA;JJB;:7D:IOC8EB?97BBO8HKJ7B?I;:
8OJ>;FEB?9;
&;JJB?D= 7C;J>E:<?HIJKI;:?DJ>;0&ED7
B7H=;I97B;7JJ>;
7DJ?]97F?J7B?IJFHEJ;IJI?D*N<EH:
.JH;;J 9KHH;DJBO I;;CIJE8;J>;7KJEC7J?9H;IFEDI; JE7DO
B7H=;I97B;FHEJ;IJEDJ>;IJH;;JIE<'ED:ED
$DH;IFEDI;
IJK:;DJI>7L;:;L;BEF;:IJH7J;=?;IJE7LE?:FEB?9;A;JJB;I
/>;H?EJFEB?9;I7FFHE79>JEJ>?IKDFH;:?9J78?B?JO>7I8;;D
122
The Occupation of Space
.EC;IF;9KB7J;J>7JFEB?9;J79J?9IM;H;7<EHCE<H;L;D=;
7=7?DIJ J>;IJK:;DJI9ED<?:;DJ KD;NF;9J;:KI;E<J>;IJH;;JI
^IF;9?<?97BBO H;L;D=;7=7?DIJJ>;;C87HH7IIC;DJE<J>;
FEB?9;7IJ>;O<7?B;:JEIJEFJ>;I79A?D=E<J>;EDI;HL7J?L;
>;7:GK7HJ;HI7JJ>;<?HIJB7H=;IJK:;DJFHEJ;IJ 7J(?BB87DA
)ED;J>;B;II 7IF;9J79KB7HBOI;HL?B;C;:?7FH;<;HH;:JE9EL;H
J>;C?B:>7H7IIC;DJE<JMEHEO7BI 7IEFFEI;:JE I7O J>;
FEB?9;ID;7H]<7J7B7JJ79AEDJ>;IJK:;DJB<?;(;7:EMI EH
J>;:H7==?D=E<7]O;7HEB:M?J>9;H;8H7BF7BIO %E:O
(9$DJOH; EKJE<>?IM>;;B9>7?H7D:79HEIIJ>;F7L;C;DJ
/>;H;IDE8;JJ;HH?FEIJ;JEJ>;=H?C 9?H9KCI9H?8;:
FH?L7J?I;:KH87D?ICE<J>;B7IJJ>?HJOO;7HIJ>7DJ>7J
*M;D#7J>;HB;O?I7KJ>EHE<(?B?J7DJ(E:;HD?IC_5;HE ` "K?:;JEJ>;);M
-K?DIE<"H;7JH?J7?D_1;HIE
`7D:J>;<EHJ>9EC?D=0D9ECCED^D II7OED
+KBF_5;HE
`
/>?I7HJ?9B;EH?=?D7BBO7FF;7H;:ED<J;H7BB
EH=
;9;C8;H
^
J>?IL;HI?ED7FF;7H;:EDEF;D;CE9H79O
D;J %7DK7HO
>JJF7<J;H7BB
EH=EDB?D;
J>;]E99KF7J?ED]E<]IF79;
123
The Flash Mobs
124
Protest works. Just look at the proof
/>;H;?I7H?FFB;E<H7=;IFH;7:?D=79HEIIH?J7?D
$J?I9B;7H;H
;L;HO:7OJ>7JJ>;F;EFB;E<J>?I9EKDJHO>7L;8;;D9EBEII7BBO
I97CC;:
/>;87DA;HIM>E9H7I>;:J>;;9EDECO7H;H?9>;H
7D:<7JJ;HJ>7D;L;H EDEKH97I>
/>;+H?C;(?D?IJ;HM>E
FHEC?I;:KI8;<EH;J>;;B;9J?EDXM;[H;DEJJ7BA?D=78EKJ
IM?D=;?D=9KJIY@KIJ?CFEI;:J>;MEHIJ9KJII?D9;J>;
I
9ED:;CD?D=7DEJ>;HC?BB?EDF;EFB;JEJ>;:EB;GK;K;
4;J
J>;H7=;?IC7J9>;:8O7<B7?B?D=I;DI;E<?CFEJ;D9;
2;7H;
<KH?EKI 8KJM;<;;BJ>;H;?IDEJ>?D=M;97D:E
/>;H;[I7
CEE:J>7JM;>7L;8;;DIJ?J9>;:KF8O<EH9;ICEH;FEM;H<KB
7D::;L?EKIJ>7DKI 7D:7BBM;97D:E?II?J879A7D:8;
I>7<J;:
/>?ICEE:?IMHED=
$J:E;ID[J>7L;JE8;J>?IM7O^?<
;DEK=>E<KI79JJEIJEF?J
/E;NFB7?D>EM $M7DJJEIJ7HJ
M?J>7IC7BBI97D:7B 7IC7BBH;IFEDI;^7D:78?=B;IIED<HEC
>?IJEHO
$DCO9EBKCDB7IJM;;A $C;DJ?ED;:?DF7II?D=
IEC;J>?D=H;C7HA78B;7D:7BCEIJKDDEJ?9;:
!EHO;7HIDEM
1E:7<ED;>7I8;;DH;<KI?D=JEF7O8?BB?EDIE<FEKD:IE<J7N;I
JEJ>;H?J?I>F;EFB;J>7J7H;EKJIJ7D:?D=
/>;9ECF7DO^
M>?9>>7I:EK8B;:?JIFHE<?JI:KH?D=J>?IH;9;II?ED^;D=7=;:
?D7BBA?D:IE<799EKDJ?D=JM?IJI7D:JKHDI 8KJ?JM7I
;L;DJK7BBOHKB;:J>?IH;<KI7B8H;79>;:7DJ?]J7N7LE?:7D9;
HKB;I
/>;OBEEA;:I;JJEF7O7IKC+H?L7J; O;97B9KB7J;IJE
8;CEH;J>7Dd8D
125
Protest works. Just look at the proof
KD8;B?;L78B;97L;]?DY
<;M:7OI7<J;HJ>;:;9?I?ED *I8EHD;
M7IFHECEJ?D=1E:7<ED;ED7J7N]F7O;H<KD:;:JH?FJE$D:?7
#;J>;D7FFE?DJ;:D:O#7B<EH: J>;<?D7D9;:?H;9JEHE<
1E:7<ED; JEJ>;=EL;HDC;DJ[I:L?IEHOE7H:EDKI?D;II
/7N-7J;I 7FF7H;DJBO8;97KI;>;J>?DAIJ>?I?I7CE:;BE<
>EMJ>;/EH?;IJ>?DA?JI>EKB:8;:ED;
O9EDJH7IJ J>;$D:?7D=EL;HDC;DJ9>EI;JEFKHIK;
1E:7<ED;J>HEK=>J>;9EKHJI<EHJ>;8?BB?EDI?DJ7NJ>;O>7L;
<7?B;:JEF7OJ>;H;
4;I J>;H?J?I>IJ7J;?IB;II<KD9J?ED7B
J>7DJ>;$D:?7DIJ7J;M>;D?J9EC;IJE9EBB;9J?D=H;L;DK;I
<HECJ>;M;7BJ>O
/>?I?IDEJ7D?IEB7J;:?D9?:;DJ
-?9>7H:
(KHF>O E</7N-;I;7H9>0& 97B9KB7J;IJ>7J0&
9EHFEH7J?EDI<7?BJEF7O7<KHJ>;Hd
8D7O;7H?DJ7N;IJ>;O
B;=7BBOEM; M>?B;J>;H?9>7LE?:EH;L7:;KFJEd
8D
(7DOF;EFB;;C7?B;:C;I7O?D=J>;OM;H;EKJH7=;:J>7J
M>?B;J>;OF7OJ>;?H<7?HI>7H;<EHHKDD?D=J>;9EKDJHO
1E:7<ED;:E;ID[JF7OJ>;?HI
*D;E<J>;CD7C;:/>EC
EIJ;BBE:;9?:;:>;M7DJ;:JEEH=7D?I;7FHEJ;IJ IE>;
7FF;7B;:ED/M?JJ;H^7D:J>?I2;:D;I:7OI;L;DJO;DH7=;:
9?J?P;DII>KJ:EMDJ>;<B7=I>?F1E:7<ED;IJEH;ED*N<EH:
.JH;;J?DFHEJ;IJ
X1E:7<ED;MED[JF7O7IJ>;O=E YI7?:ED;
87DD;H
X(7A;1E:7<ED;F7O DEJJ>;FEEH YI7?:7DEJ>;H
/>;H;79J?ED<HECC;C8;HIE<J>;FK8B?9^M>EM;H;
>7D:;:B;7<B;JI;NFB7?D?D=J>;I?JK7J?ED^M7IIJ7HJB?D=
=7?D
7D:7=7?D F;EFB;I7?:X$[CIE=B7:IEC;8E:O?I:E?D=J>?IY
7D:XJ>;H;D;;:IJE8;CK9>CEH;E<J>?I
Y'EJIE<J>;C
IJEFF;:JEJ7BA78EKJ>EM<H?=>J;D;:J>;OM;H;78EKJJ>;
9KJI7D:<EHJ>;?HEMD>EC;I7D:@E8I
/>;FHEJ;IJ8;97C;
J>;J>?H:CEIJ:?I9KII;:JEF?9?DJ>;9EKDJHOED/M?JJ;H
C;7D?D=C?BB?EDIE<F;EFB;DEMADEM78EKJM>7J1E:7<ED;
7D:J>;=EL;HDC;DJ>7L;:ED;
/>;FHEJ;IJ;HI8;B?;L;J>?I?I
@KIJJ>;IJ7HJE<7CEL;C;DJJEC7A;J>;H?9>F7O7CK9>
<7?H;HI>7H;E<J7N7J?ED 7D:J>;OKH=;F;EFB;JE@E?DJ>;C=E
JEKAKD9KJ
EH=
KAJE<?D:EKJM>7JOEK97D:EJ>?I.7JKH:7O
126
Protest works. Just look at the proof
4EKC?=>J7IA^IEM>7J2>7J>7I8;;D9>7D=;:/E
KD:;HIJ7D:>EM7D:M>OFHEJ;IJB?A;J>?I97DMEHA OEKD;;:
IEC;9ED9H;J;7D:FHEL;D;N7CFB;I<HECJ>;F7IJ
';J[I
IJ7HJM?J>J>;CEIJ>EF;B;II7D:M?B:BO?:;7B?IJ?997KI;^7D:
I;;>EM?JMED
/>;<?HIJ;L;H7JJ;CFJJE>EB:7"7O+H?:;
H7BBO?D/H7<7B=7H.GK7H;M7I?D
/ME:EP;DF;EFB;
JKHD;:KF^7D:J>;OM;H;CEIJBO8;7J;D8OJ>;FEB?9;7D:
7HH;IJ;:
"7OF;EFB;M;H;?CFH?IED;:<EH>7L?D=I;N 7D:
;L;DJ>;CEIJ9ECF7II?ED7J;:;<;D9;E<=7OF;EFB;E<<;H;:
?DFK8B?9B?<;M7IJ>7JJ>;OI>EKB:8;F?J?;:<EH8;?D=
C;DJ7BBO?BB
$C7=?D;?<OEK>7:IJEE:?D/H7<7B=7H.GK7H;J>7J:7O7D:
JEB:J>EI;JME:EP;D8H7L;C;D7D:MEC;DX!EHJO]<?L;
O;7HI<HECDEM J>;OM?BBIJEFJ>;JH7<<?9?D;DJH7B'ED:ED
<EH7"7O+H?:;F7H7:;EDJ>?IL;HOIFEJ 7D:?JM?BB8;
7JJ;D:;:8O>KD:H;:IE<J>EKI7D:IE<F;EFB;
/>;H;M?BB8;
C7HH?;:=7O9EKFB;I 7D:H;FH;I;DJ7J?L;IE<;L;HOFEB?J?97B
F7HJO 7D:EF;DBO=7OIEB:?;HI7D:=EL;HDC;DJC?D?IJ;HI7D:
>K=;DKC8;HIE<IJH7?=>JIKFFEHJ;HI^7D:?JM?BB8;J>;
>ECEF>E8;IM>E7H;H;=7H:;:7I<H;7AI
Y$JMEKB:>7L;
I;;C;:B?A;7FH;FEIJ;HEKIIJ7J;C;DJE<I9?;D9;<?9J?ED
KJ
?J>7FF;D;:
$J>7FF;D;:?DED;B?<;J?C;
2>O)EJ8;97KI;
J>;F;EFB;?DFEM;HIFEDJ7D;EKIBOH;7B?I;:J>7JC?BB;DD?7E<
F;HI;9KJ?D==7OF;EFB;>7:8;;DMHED= 8KJ8;97KI;
:;J;HC?D;:EH:?D7HO9?J?P;DI87D:;:JE=;J>;H7D::;C7D:;:
@KIJ?9;
$<J>7J97KI;97D8;79>?;L;: J>HEK=>F;HI?IJ;DJ
:;CE9H7J?9FH;IIKH; 7DOJ>?D=97D
KJB;J[IBEEA7J7=HEKF
E<FHEJ;IJ;HIM>EJ>EK=>JJ>;O>7:<7?B;:
/>;FHEJ;IJI
M?J>?DJ>;0D?J;:.J7J;I7=7?DIJJ>;1?;JD7C27H9EKB:D[J
FH;L;DJ?JA?BB?D=JMEC?BB?ED1?;JD7C;I;7D:
C;H?97DI
KJ;L;D?DJ>;O;7HI?JM7IX<7?B?D=Y ?JM7I
79>?;L?D=CEH;J>7DJ>;FHEJ;IJEHI9EKB:FEII?8BO>7L;
ADEMD
$D
J>;IF;9?7B?IJI7JJ>;+;DJ7=EDM;DJJE0.
+H;I?:;DJ'OD:ED%E>DIED^7J>K=FHED;JEJ>H;7J;D?D=JE
127
Protest works. Just look at the proof
X9HKI>Y;DJ?H;;B;9J;:=EL;HDC;DJI^M?J>7FB7DJE;D:J>;
1?;JD7C27HDKA;J>;9EKDJHO
/>;OXFHEL;:Y KI?D=J>;?H
9ECFKJ;HCE:;B?D= J>7J7DK9B;7H7JJ79AMEKB:XI7L;B?L;I
Y
$JM7I7FB7DJ>7JC?=>JM;BB>7L;7FF;7B;:JE>?C
KJ
%E>DIEDFE?DJ;:EKJJ>;M?D:EM JEM7H:IJ>;>E7H:;IE<
FHEJ;IJ;HI 7D:I7?:X$>7L;ED;CEH;FHE8B;C<EHOEKH
9ECFKJ;H
2?BBOEK<;;:?DJE?J>EMBED=?JM?BBJ7A;
7D=HOC;H?97DIJE9B?C8J>;2>?J;#EKI;M7BB
EKJJ>;H;7D:BOD9>J>;?H+H;I?:;DJY#;AD;MJ>7JJ>;H;
MEKB:8;79EIJ^?DFHEJ;IJ7D::;CE9H7J?9H;LEBJ^J>7J
C7:;J>7J9HK;BJOJEE=H;7J
$D
J>;I7C;FB7DM7I
FH;I;DJ;:JE-?9>7H:)?NED^7D:M;DEMADEM<HECJ>;
:;9B7II?<?;::E9KC;DJIJ>7JJ>;8?==;IJFHEJ;IJI;L;H7=7?DIJ
J>;M7HC7:;>?C:;9?:;>;9EKB:D[J:E?J
/>EI;FHEJ;IJ;HI
M;DJ>EC;<HECJ>EI;FHEJ;IJI8;B?;L?D=J>;O>7:<7?B;:^
8KJJ>;O>7:IK99;;:;:?DFH;L;DJ?D=7DK9B;7HM7H
/>;O
J>EK=>JJ>;OM;H;?CFEJ;DJ @KIJ7IIEC7DOE<KI:E^8KJ
J>;OH;7BBO>7:FEM;H8;OED:J>;?H:H;7CIJEIJEF7
D?=>JC7H;
+HEJ;IJH7?I;IJ>;FEB?J?97BFH?9;<EH=EL;HDC;DJIC7A?D=
87::;9?I?EDI
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'Santa Glue-In' as 55 Anti-Cuts Protests Hit Tax Dodgers Across The Country
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The Universities
THE UNIVERSITIES
The Browne report into higher education published on 6 October did
more than raise a lot of questions. Out of it came the policy of tripling
student fees in the form of loans, removing any direct government
grants to the humanities: marketising higher education and tearing
down any public interest in its intrinsic values. At the same time it
presumed a distinctly old-fashioned approach. “Policy-makers are
persisting with an institutional model that was created in the midst
of a different age,” writes Aaron Peters. At the heart of the crisis of
university funding lies a debate about the future of higher education,
one played out in a series of exchanges between Alan Finlayson and
Tony Curzon Price. Ultimately: what are universities for?
138
Universities in an age of information abundance
Universities in an age of
information abundance
Aaron Peters, openDemocracy
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Britain, greet the age of privatised Higher Education – an argument and a debate
Alan Finlayson:
I: What is really going on
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200
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235
The Trade Unions
‘The revolution will already be over by then!’ some joked. Slowly the
reality of the situation dawned, and Unite leader Len McCluskey
penned a comment piece for The Guardian suggesting that they
would have to make up for lost time. With 490,000 public sector
redundancies predicted for the lifetime of this parliament, the student
protest movement will need the solidarity of trade unions – and
wants it too. On whose terms this happens is very much up for grabs;
but the students have certainly set the pace.
236
Unions, get set for battle
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238
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239
Just what does the Guardian think trade unions are for?
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243
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244
Comment on Keith Ewing
245
The Aesthetics
THE AESTHETICS
Sound and vision in the protest movement
Protest in the era of mass culture is nothing without its aesthetics –
the wit, imagery, sonics and imagination of the protesters provide an
outlet for their creativity, and the tools for their rebellion. As Adam
Harper notes, aesthetics are both the means and the manifestation of
protest. This is true of the hilarious, cutting home-made protest signs
photographed by Jesse Darling, and in the zeitgeist-capturing music
of the EMA kids, for whom rebellion means the right to celebrate
their culture by dancing in Parliament Square – while they are
denied the same right closer to home in ‘the banlieues of London’.
Ultimately, as Harper argues, protest aesthetics mean forging the
right to construct a new vision of reality – and it’s exciting, it’s
creative, and above all, it’s subversive.
246
On [Protest] Signs & the Signified
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On [Protest] Signs & the Signified
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248
On [Protest] Signs & the Signified
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On [Protest] Signs & the Signified
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On [Protest] Signs & the Signified
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On [Protest] Signs & the Signified
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On [Protest] Signs & the Signified
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On [Protest] Signs & the Signified
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On [Protest] Signs & the Signified
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On [Protest] Signs & the Signified
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On [Protest] Signs & the Signified
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On [Protest] Signs & the Signified
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On [Protest] Signs & the Signified
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On [Protest] Signs & the Signified
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On [Protest] Signs & the Signified
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This is our riot: POW!
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277
The Generations
THE GENERATIONS
Old politics and new movements
The spectre of the 68ers looms large over the current protests – partly
because of the schematic similarities to that movement, and perhaps
more so, because the veterans of that era are of exactly the right age
to be passing comment on the current wave of youth uprisings; as
politicians, academics and journalists. Yet what has been striking
about this student movement has been its eagerness to shed such
comparisons with 1968, despite its romance, and to learn from the
lessons of its predecessors. The relationship between this generation
and those who hold the reins of power (mainstream or otherwise)
remains part of an ongoing debate. The left-wing parties, with their
more traditional hierarchies and decision-making processes, have
been the subject of hostility from some of the student protesters, who
fear they will seek to ‘take over’ what remains a strikingly leaderless
movement, and do so for their own ends. As long as this debate
remains comradely, and the broad goals the same, it is one that will
continue to be voiced in public. As Anthony Barnett concludes, the
tens has every possibility to trump the sixties – not least because
“what is on offer from the political system today seems exhausted, its
institutions corrupted, its constitution a shambles, and reinvention
essential”.
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What next for the UK's student movement?
319
Appendices
APPENDICES
320
Campaigns and Resources
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The Great Unrest
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GBC LEGAL TEAM: 07946 541 511 BINDMANS
SOLICITORS: 020 7833 4433
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331
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