Oni He) (review) & 4.1121 ratio of offspring from a cihybrid test cross indicates that a. the genes are linked. by the dominant organism was hemozygous «. crossing over has occurred. db the genes are 25 map units apart. fe the genes are not linked or are more than 50 ‘map units apart Genes A avd B are linked and 12 map units apart. iA heterozygous individual, whose parents were ‘Adbb and aiBB, would be expected io produce Clo 2. Transformation involves a. the uptake of external genetic material, often from one bacterial strain to another. by the creation of a strand of RNA from a DNA molecule. c. the infection of bacterial cells by phage. 4. the eype of semiconservative replication shown. by DNA. @, the replication of DNA along the lagging strand. 3, The DNA of an organism has thymine 25 20% ofits bases. What percentage ofits bases would be gua~ jp: gametes in the following frequencies: nine? t AMG AB © 6% Ab GRAB Mab a, 20% «0% e. 80% jb. 6% AB 44% Ab 34% aB 6% ab ‘b. 30% d. 60% femesR sear S6keB DEO Va 2 AB © 6% Ab MAB HE What are telomeres, and what do they do? Le BGAB ID%AD Da 38H AD t evershortening tips of chromosomes that may 5, When T2 phages aze grown with radioactive sulfur, a. their DNAs tagged. b. their proteins are tagged. ¢, their DNAJs found to be of medium density in a centrifuge tube. 4. they transfer their radioactivity to E. calf chro- mosomes when they infect the bacteria, fe their excision enzymes repair the damage caused by the radiation. Sgnai cells to stop dividing ot maturity ve highly sepetiive sequences at tips of chrome: ‘somes that protect the lagging strand during replication cc epaitive sequences oF mncleatides af URE ST Tremere region of a chromosome a, enaymes that are present in sgera-line cells that ‘aliow these cells to undergo ‘repeated divisions fe, Botha and bare correct. HINTERACTIVE QUESTION 16.5 tn this diagram showing the replication of DNA, label the following item: leading and legging strands, Okazaki fragment Shh nol, DNA po! 1, DNA ligase, helicase, primase, single-strand binding proteins, BNA primes, and 3’ ends of parental DNA, replication fork, and 8” Drea dition efvepliaton (AY) rma Sunrorouny anf JO J0pI0 sautdmuia hoy oe Sutquasep ‘funpueysiapun anok. ‘uoneardas pap win ¢ aug an) sumyord pur haaeuniuaagaa!5 6 Transfer RNA Chel a. forms hydrogen bonds between its codon and the anticodon of an mRNA in the Asite ofa ribosome. b, binds to its specific amino acid in the active site of an aminoacylRNA synthetase. . uses GTP as the energy source to bine its amino acid. 4d. is translated from mRNA. «. is produced in the nucleolus. Place the following events in the synthesis of @ polypeptide in the proper order. 1. A peptide bond forms. 2. An aminoacyl (RNA matches its anticodon to the codon in the A site, 3, AtRNA translocates from the A to the P site, ‘and an unattached (RNA leaves the ribosome from the E site, 4. The jarge subunit attaches to the sinall subunit, with the initiator (RNA in the P site A small subunit binds to an mRNA and an ini tiator RNA. 21, Several proteins may be produced at the same time . si froma single mRNA by a, the action of several ribosomes in a string, called a polyribosome. b. several RNA polymerase molecules working sequentially. ¢. signal peptides that associate ribosomes with rough ER 4. containing several promoter regions. e. the involvement of multiple spliceosomes. INTERACTIVE QUESTION 17-5 Jing some of the cadans and the amino acids you identi- fied in Interactive Question 17.2, fill n the following table. DNA | mia Bye | Gator | Anicodon | amine ac Pes | ete |S |__SGA i Te was | —————— ———— 7 wi INTERACTIVE QUESTION 17.7 nat determines if a ribosome becomes bound to the ER? INTERACTIVE QUESTION 22, A signal peptide a. is mest likely to be found on cytosolic proteins produced by bacterial ceils. b. directs an mRNA molecule into the cisternal space of the ER. tein destined for a membrane location or secre tion from the cel. fe. is partof thes aap. ¢. isa sign to help bind the small ribosomal unit at the initiation codon. 4. would be the frst 20 or so amino acids of a pro- < 4 Dx. ‘A base deletion early in the coding sequence of @ ‘gene may result in 4. a nonsense mutetion. bb. a frameshift mutation, ‘multiple missense mutations. da nonfunctional protein, ¢, allof theabove, 24, Base-pair substitutions may have little effect on the resulting protein for all of the following rea- ‘sons except which one? a. The redundancy of the code may result in a silent mutation. b. The substitution must involve three nucleotide pairs, otherwise the reading frase is altered, ¢. The missense mutation may ot occur in a criti- cal part of the protein. 4. The new amino acid may have similar proper- Bes to the replaced one. e. The wobble phenomenon could result ia no change in translation, Practice using the dictionary of the genetic code in y textbook, Determine the amino acid sequence for polypeptide coded for by the following mRNA transi written 5° 3": AUGCCUGACUUUAAGUAG 17.6 In the following diagrams of polypeptide synthesis, name. the stages GH, identify the components GBH, and then briefly describe what happens in each stage. a & Un 7