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Chi Sao
Contact Sensitivity Training
Wing Chun's Unique Method
By Si Fu Bob Shores student of Grandmaster William Cheung

Chi Sao is a specialized method of training which develops touch or contact reflexes and coordination of the limbs, while improving balance, close range focus of the eyes, and developing internal
energy for striking at close range. Chi Sao's side benefits include improvement of footwork for close range mobility, accuracy for striking and the ability to control an opponent's balance from the point of
contact. Although Chi Sao does not resemble fighting, the understanding of the application of force and technique gained through Chi Sao practice is invaluable and directly applicable to fighting.

A contact reflex is a conditioned response to a specific stimuli. Grandmaster Cheung often compares it to fishing. "You don't see the fish, but when it takes the bait you feel the vibration through
the line and rod". After a block, a point of contact is established. Through this point, any movement is transmitted as a vibration. The Wing Chun practitioner, through Chi Sao practice, can interpret this
vibration instantly, responding by simultaneously jamming the opponents intended move and counterattacking. This response is the same as the fisherman setting the hook. A contact reflex action.

There are three possible situations that can be detected at every contact point.
1. The incoming force will continue in the same direction.
2. The incoming force will stop before going on to another movement.
3. The incoming force will be withdrawn in the opposite or near opposite
direction.

Chi Sao is learned in three distinct stages. Each providing the Wing Chun student greater versatility, understanding and skill.

1. Single hand or Don Chi Sao parallel arm.


The basic drill begins with both practitioners facing each other square on. Practitioner "A", using a Tan Sao (palm up block), while practitioner "B" is using Fook Sao ( bridge on arm). The drill is
    practiced on a three count.
  1a. Practitioner "A" delivers a palm strike, and Practitioner "B" deflects the palm strike with Jut Sao (jerk hand block).
  1b. Practitioner "B" delivers a straight punch to the head of Practitioner "A", as "A" defends with Bon Sao.
  1c. Both practitioners return to the starting position
Each student takes turns in position A and B with each hand. Once the student reaches proficiency with the basic drill, there are other more advanced versions that are learned.

2. Single hand or Don Chi Sao cross arm.


This basic drill begins with both practitioners facing each other in front stances either right to right or left to left with the lead hands touching at, or near, the wrists in Wu Sao (guarding hand)
    position.
  2a. Practitioner "A" will apply Jut Sao to create an opening to punch at the head of Practitioner "B".
  2b. As the punch is delivered, Practitioner "B" deflects the incoming blow with Tan Sao.
  2c. Practitioner "A" presses the attack with another punch to the lower middle gate, while Practitioner "B" again deflects using Garn Sao.
  2d. Practitioner "B" retaliates with a punch to the head of Practitioner"A", as Practitioner "A" deflects the blow with Tan Sao.
  2e. Both practitioners return to the starting Wu Sao position.
As in the parallel arm drill each practitioner takes turns in position A and B with both sides. Again there are more advanced versions to be learned when proficiency has been developed in the basic
drill.

3. Double hand Chi Sao.

This is the most challenging of all the Chi Sao drills, and requires much greater focus and skill to perform. In double hand Chi Sao, the Wing Chun student learns to perform entirely different
movements simultaneously with each hand. The easiest way to accomplish this is by first learning the arm positions of the routine without a partner. Somewhat like a form. Then switching the
drill to the opposite sides, to develop ambidextrous ability. Once this is done, two practitioners can engage in Chi Sao practice. In this treatise, I will explain the positions as practiced by a single
    individual. This type of practice is invaluable since probably 80% of the time, a practitioner will not have a partner to train with.
The basic routine is practiced on an eight count.
Starting position: The right hand is held in Tan Sao position directly under a left Fook Sao.

  3a. The Fook Sao position is maintained as the right hand delivers a forward palm Wu Jeung.
  3b. The Fook Sao position is maintained as the right hand returns to Tan Sao.
  3c. The Fook Sao and Tan Sao are maintained. ( At This point a partner would return to Fook Sao)
  3d. Fook Sao is lowered slightly as the Tan Sao rotates to Bon Sao position directly over the Fook Sao.
  3e. The Bon Sao is maintained as the left hand performs Jut Sao.
  3f. The Bon Sao is maintained as the left hand delivers a straight punch to the head.
  3g. The Bon Sao is maintained as the left hand returns to Fook Sao position. ( Same as partner in 3c.)
3h. Fook Sao is maintained as Bon Sao rotates back to Tan Sao position. In each of the stages above, the Wing Chun student first learns predetermined drills or exercises and then advances to
  random applications. Next, the student progresses to predetermined drills while blindfolded, and at last, to the most advanced stage of each exercise random while blindfolded.
The arm movement's for Chi Sao training are very precise in both position and application of force applied. These positions are learned in Shil Lim Tao form. Shil Lim Tao is prerequisite for Chi Sao
training. Without proper understanding of Shil Lim Tao correct Chi Sao is impossible!

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