2010 WUN CogCom Meeting in Singapore

On the Challenges and Trends

of Green Communications
Honggang Zhang, Ph.D.
Zhejiang University, China
Pan Pacific Hotel, Singapore
April 10, 2010
 “Green Communications”
– NOT just decrease power
consumption and increase energy
efficiency

NO!
 “Green Communications”
- Our basic philosophy

Green
Communications
Interference
Environment

Coupling Coupling

Spectrum Energy
Efficiency Efficiency
Spectrum Energy Coupling
Efficiency Efficiency
Interference
Alignment
 Observation I:
Paradigm change - convergence of
cellular networks, mobile Internet and
broadcasting
 Observation I:
Paradigm change - convergence of cellular
networks, mobile Internet and broadcasting

Note: Courtesy of Dr Murray Milner

 Observation I:
Paradigm change - convergence of cellular
networks, mobile Internet and broadcasting

Note: Courtesy of Dr Murray Milner

Heterogeneity & convergence of cellular
networks, mobile Internet and
broadcasting
 Integrated “greener” architecture, models &
metrics for converged cellular networks, mobile
Internet and broadcasting
 Integrated “greener” architecture, models &
metrics

Ø Integrated models & metrics for evaluating energy and

spectrum consumption (e.g., backhaul, BS, AP, mobile
terminal, path fading & gain, high & low frequency, etc.)
Ø Energy & spectrum-efficient and interference-aligned
architecture
Ø Multiple-tier converged wired & wireless networks:
§ Optimal energy (power) & spectrum resources assignment in
terms of both EE (energy efficiency) and SE (spectrum efficiency)
§ Interference environment is characterized by Interference
Temperature
Ø Multi-hop，roaming & handover – Bonding energy & spectrum
requirements by end-to-end QoS and QoE (quality-of-
efficiency)
 Energy efficiency in cellular mobile
communications

Note: Courtesy of Green Radio project, UK

 Observation II: Interference
environment plays a key role

Note: Courtesy of Green Radio project, UK

 Interference environment characterization &
control by Green Cognitive Radio

Ø Dynamic spectrum access/management & Interference Alignment

§ Applying dynamic spectrum access (DSA) to minimize energy
consumption by employing bands with LOW interference
§ Energy & spectrum-efficient architecture & protocols utilizing
“Interference Alignment ” to remove interference
§ Interference environment is characterized by Interference
Temperature
§ Flexible power allocation adaptive to fluctuating Interference
Temperature
Flexible power allocation adaptive to fluctuating
Interference Temperature
Flexible power allocation adaptive to fluctuating
Interference Temperature
Flexible power allocation adaptive to fluctuating
Interference Temperature
 Observation III: Networking traffic load
fluctuation and wireless fading channel
dynamics
ØScale energy (power) consumption with networking traffic load
ØScale energy (power) consumption with wireless fading channel dynamics
 Learning channel and networking variation
trends in long-term by Green Cognitive Radio

Ø Traditional schemes are

myopic in terms of the
evolution of the average path
gain (or traffic load). They
merely try to combat wireless
impairments (or overload) due
to short scale fading (variation)
Ø Traditional schemes are
agnostic about long term
channel evolution
Ø More extra energy (power)
consumption
 Learning channel and networking variation
trends in long-term by Green Cognitive Radio
 Learning channel and networking variation
trends in long-term by Green Cognitive Radio

Note: Courtesy of Dr. David Grace, University of York, UK

 Learning channel and networking variation
trends in long-term by Green Cognitive Radio

Note: Courtesy of Dr. David Grace, University of York, UK

 Learning channel and networking variation
trends in long-term by Green Cognitive Radio

Spectrum Energy
Efficiency Efficiency
Observation IV: Smart Building - Reduction of
Energy Demand in Buildings through Optimal
Use of Wireless Behavior Information in the
whole Life Cycle
Daily Power Consumption of a Reference
Flat in a Multi-Media World
 Reduction of Energy Demand in Buildings
through Optimal Use of Wireless Behavior
Information
Ø Life Cycle Research - investigate integrated wireless behavior
information system which monitors, in real time, energy
consumption of individual building energy equipment and persons,
then communicates (poor) energy behavior back to users with
specific information on actions to take to reduce energy waste.
Ø Behavior Research – determine the appropriate forms of feedback,
which building users identify with and respond to positively. This
response should be durable and result in significant energy demand
reduction. User participation is crucial. They are not mere subjects in
technology trials, but collaborators in the research design and
execution stages whenever appropriate.
Ø Building Energy Research - to assess interactions between
building energy demand, supply and user behavior, as well as
benchmarks, and their implications for optimum arrangement for
feedback to users.
Thanks to WUN CogCom
Consortium!
Honggang Zhang
Zhejiang University, China
Email: honggangzhang@zju.edu.cn