2009

PIBAS CORE BUSINESS

SOLUTION
(A SOFTWARE PROPOSAL TO
HBL)
LETTER OF AUTHORISATION

Dear Reader

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We wish to express our deepest gratitude to Allah the most gracious and the most merciful, which made this
study possible and successful.
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This report was a great learning experience. During this exercise we came across interesting concepts and
challenges which gave us an opportunity to test our skills and knowledge on the subject and also helped us
to get a practical aspect of how information system adds value to an organisation’s daily as well as strategic
future planning. Working on this exercise was not easy but we would like to express our thanks to our
Professor, Dr. Abu Turab Alam, for his support and time.

We would also like to acknowledge Mr. Asrar Ahmed Khan a member of Habib Bank Limited, who also has
been a constant and valuable source of support for us and has helped us by providing all the necessary
information on Misys Equation without which it would not have been possible to write this report.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This report proposes new software to a financial institution to meet the challenges that it is currently facing
due to the existing software. For this purpose we have chosen Habib Bank Limited. Our proposal to HBL is
that it should replace its current software Misys Equation to PIBAS Core, a total business solution.

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PIBAS Core provides financial institutions a significantly low in cost but very high in quality and
functionality solutions. These solutions are developed in such a way that they can be implemented
efficiently in a record time and hence these financial institutions immediately earn returns on their
investment.

The following are the important features of PIBAS Core:

BUSINESS VALUE

• Customer Relationship Management

• Low Total Cost of Ownership
• Unlimited number of users
• Fully integrated solution
• Real time/ Online system
• Can interface with third party system
• Risk management
• Control Assets

Total Project Cost is $13,170,790.45 with a license cost of $1,000,000 so total cost is $14,170,790.45 for
5years. For 1 year the total cost is $2,834,158.09.

Return on Investment from implementing this software is 0.058

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 Table of Content
Introduction on Habib Bank Limited............................................................................................6

Previous Software- Misys Equation...............................................................................................6

Proposed Software- PIBAS Core business solution.......................................................................7

Salient features...............................................................................................................................8

Application Areas..........................................................................................................................10

Business Value..............................................................................................................................14

COCOMO model- Software Cost Estimation...............................................................................15

Return on Investment....................................................................................................................21

SRS (Software Requirement Specifications).................................................................................22

Functional Requirement.................................................................................................................23

Non-Functional Requirement.........................................................................................................24

References......................................................................................................................................26

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A) HABIB BANK LIMITED
It was on August 25th, 1941 when Habib Bank Limited commonly known as HBL first started its operations
in Bombay, India. The bank shifted its head office to Karachi, Pakistan in 1947. The first international
branch of HBL was established in Colombo, Sri Lanka in 1951. To celebrate the bank’s 25th Anniversary,
Habib Bank Plaza was built in 1972.

Today, HBL is the largest bank in Pakistan with a network of 1450 branches in Pakistan and 55 branches
worldwide. It has a domestic market share of over 40%. HBL continues to dominate the commercial
banking sector with a major market share in inward foreign remittances of 55% and loans to small
industries, traders and farmers. Overseas, it has operations in Afganistan, Australia, Bahrain, Bangladesh,
Belgium, China, France, Hong Kong, Iran, Kenya, Lebanon, Maldives, Nepal, Netherlands, Nigeria, Oman,
Singapore, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, Turkey, UAE, UK and USA.

Aga Khan Fund for Economic development (AKFED) invested an amount of PKR 22.409 billion (USD 389
million) in the acquisition of 51% of HBL shares in 2002 and thereby securing the management control of
the bank.

In Pakistan and also in many other countries serving the oversees Pakistani committee, HBL is truly the
bank of people working towards customer satisfaction.

B) PREVIOUS SOFTWARE – Misys Equation

Currently HBL has been using Misys Equation as its main information system for streamlining and
smoothing its banking operations. Misys Equation is a fully integrated, real time, multi-currency retail
banking solution that helps organisations minimise costs, protect and maximise revenues and react quickly
to changing markets and regulations. Supporting consumer and corporate banking, as well as treasury
operations on a single platform, it:

○ Reduces operating costs by automating and streamlining business processes;

○ Reduces IT costs by replacing in-house development with standard features;
○ Maximises revenues through enhanced and flexible fees and charges;
○ Increases revenue by speeding the launch of new products;
○ Improves productivity via STP and easier input.

With Misys Equation, HBL maintains a single view of its customers and create market leading products fast.
Equation’s channel ensures that HBL is always in the right place, with the right service at the right time.
Equation lists more than 250 standard reports that are necessary for the day to day running of business. It
helps the executives visualise the complex operations of their bank and also provides information on an ad-
hoc, short term basis and often on short notice. Equation database is compatible with SQL standards. Misys

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Equation has facilitated enormous technological advancement to HBL thus contributing to effective
management and proficient banking.

Why replace Misys Equation Banking System?

Although Misys has supported and served the industry quite, well for quite long, but the advances in
business processes and technology have presented significant challenges. Equation supports back and front
office activities on separate platforms, maintenance of point to point solutions is made more complicated
than on a single platform. Changes in one piece one piece of functionality in Misys Equation mean many
other interfaces have to change along with it.

C) PROPOSED SOFTWARE – PIBAS CORE

Misys Equation has served the industry quite well for quite long but with the new complexities in the banking sector
and the aforementioned limitations in the software, we propose that HBL should replace its system to PIBAS Core, a
total solution which has provided solution to the challenges faced by Misys Equation.

The most significant of the PIBAS Core is its varied usage capability in terms of solution it provides to
commercial, retail, Islamic, investment and microfinance banks, leasing financial institutions, and modarabas.

PIBAS Core provides financial institutions a significantly low in cost but very high in quality and functionality
solutions. These solutions are developed in such a way that they can be implemented efficiently in a record time and
hence these financial institutions immediately earn returns on their investment.

Availability and Security on both centralized and distributed environments are significant features of PIBAS core.
One very important selection criteria for any software is its security features and PIBAS Core provides confidence to
its end users. The scalable, flexible and platform-independent database design are some of the features that PIBAS
CORE offers to facilitate the financial institutions in keeping up their businesses aligned with the demands of a robust
and volatile market.

Platform
• Development Languages: .NET 3.0, VB 6.0, Visual C++, Active Server Pages, Java, Java Scripting,
C, C++, WML
• Database Operating System Platform: SQL Server, Oracle 9i, 10g. Any RDBMS supported OS
including Windows 2000, XP, UNIX, LINUX, SOLARIS, etc
• Application File Server/Operating System Platform: Windows 2000/2003, XP
• Open System Orientation: ODBC & ADO/ODELB
• Development System & Middle Ware Required for Front/Back Office Operation: Windows 2003,
XP
• Network Class/Protocol: Ethernet, TCP / IP
• SSL for all Web Based Applications
• DBMS Client to Server Encryption
• Finger Printing for Login, Transaction Supervision, Override and User Maintenance
• Software Architecture & Security
Besides that, system handles cluster of Online Branches through Regional Processing Centers, supports
Voucher Entry through Data Capture Center, Real Time Online Availability During Batch Updates and
availability of Network Security Option (Software / Hardware Encryption Comprehensive Security through
Software Encryption has been incorporated in the system.
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D) SALIENT FEATURES
1) Real Time
This is an on-line real time system which applies financial and non financial transactions
instantaneously.

2) Modular but integrated

This system is designed in a modular fashion such that each module performs specific set of
functions through its own set of programs but at the same time is integrated with other modules.

3) Parameter driven
Parameterization allows tailoring of the system to suit the user’s needs without system modification.

4) Menu driven
5) Multi Currency
6) Multi Branch

7) Value Dating
The facility enables to affect an account either at a future date or at a past date.

8) Interest
Can be calculated on the basis of base Rate

9) Interest Types

a. Ordinary/Normal
Rates will be applicable on the whole balance except in case of credit interest users are allowed to
feed a Base Amount, below which interest will not be accrued.
b. Tiered
Two types of tiered interest rates each having ten slabs are provided
i. Tiered Split Balance:
Mostly applicable in case of debit interest
ii.Tiered Whole Balance:
Mostly applicable in case of credit interest

10) Interest Accrual

In Interest accrual is done daily & the accrual figures are reflected in the profit & loss account on
a daily basis
11) Interest Posting Frequency
In case of movement account the interest posting frequency is extremely flexible allowing the
customer to post the interest on a monthly, quarterly, semi-annually or annually. The customer can
choose any day of the month or quarter or half year or year for interest posting purpose.
12)Interest Nominated Accounts

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 For interest posting purposes the customer can nominate another account in which interest to be
posted both for debit and credit interest
13) Revaluation
Foreign currency revaluation is done daily in order to reflect accurate profitability on daily basis

14)Automatic With-Holding Tax Deduction

A fully transparent and parameter driven withholding tax deduction mechanism facilitates deduction
of withholding tax from customer account and payment to the Government authorities
15)With-holding Tax Exemption Amount
A threshold minimum amount could be specified on which no withholding tax could be deducted
16)Apportioning of Int. Earned in Advance
In applications where interest is earned in advance, like LBD, the apportioning is done on a daily
basis and reflected in profit and loss account and statement
17)User Designed Formats like:
a. Debit / Credit Vouchers
b. Term Deposit Receipt
c. Term Loan Advice
d. Term Deposit Confirmation Advice
e. Term Loan Confirmation Advice
f. Transaction Advice
g. Interest Rate Change Advice
h. FX Buying / Selling Customer Receipt
i. Banker’s Cheque / Pay Order
j. Demand Draft
k. Mail Transfer, etc

18)Online Real Time Printing of:

a. Debit / Credit Vouchers
b. Term Deposit Receipt
c. Term Loan Advice
d. IBCA
e. IBDA
f. Banker’s Cheque

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 g. Demand Draft
h. Deal Tickets
i. Money Market Deal Confirmation Advice
j. FX Deal Confirmation Advice
k. FX Buying / Selling Customer Receipt etc.
l. Elaborate Mechanism of Different Charges at Account Level

E) APPLICATION AREAS
1) General Ledger
○ Multi level chart of accounts
○ Multi currency GL accounts
○ Hierarchical cost centers
○ Employees linked with cost centers
○ Voucher/Multiple debit & credit from single screen
○ Account Inquiry with updated balances
○ Voucher transactions review
○ MIS Reporting
○ Trial balance
 Value date/transaction date
 Before year end and after year end
 At all levels of account
 Daily trial balance generation

1) Budgeting
2) Detail Statement - Account Wise / Employee Wise / Cost Centre Wise
3) Voucher/Transaction List for any given date range
4) Bank reconciliation statement
5) Powerful Soft Closing facility

6) Security
A comprehensive security module prevents unauthorized access to the system and logs every
activity. To enhance the security, optionally a finger print module has also been provided. A flexible
Role definition facility has been provided which enhances operational efficiency to define any Users.
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 Beside while defining a new user, an existing user’s profile can be used as a template and be
modified according to the privileges being given to the new user. To prevent fraudulent alterations in
the reports, all the reports are fully encrypted and can be viewed and printed through the Viewer
utility provided by the system.
7) Centralized Limits
An extensive and flexible centralized limits application, monitoring and control mechanism enables
the bank to define the limits at account level, product level, customer level and group level.

8) Reconciliation
A comprehensive reconciliation module has been provided to reconcile the following:
○ Inter Branch Transactions
○ Nostro Accounts
○ ATM/POS/Credit Card Transactions
○ Central Bank Transactions

1) MIS and Central Bank Returns

○ Comprehensive Management Information reports are available from the system for all the
modules of the system
○ Generates various reports that fulfils the Central Banks requirements
○ Parameterized report generation allows flexibility to cater for changing requirements of
Central Banks
○ Application Assistant that provides helps and tips at various stages of application usage and
provides interactivity to the user
○ Online Central Bank Reporting facility is also available
Returns for any country where e-nhance will be implemented in future, would be made available within 3-6
months of the first installation in that country.
2) Account Management
A comprehensive facility to open and maintain an account, define and/or change interest rate, etc.

3) Current Accounts
Any customer movement account where transaction posting is permitted through transactions posting
function, can be considered a ‘Current Account’ by PIBAS Plus. Both debit/ or credit interest are
allowed in Current Accounts.

4) Financial Transactions
It provides facilities to input, supervise, review and cancel single and multiple entry financial
transactions, both in local and foreign currency.
5) Deposits Management
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 A total solution to manage all types of deposits including call and short term deposits, term deposits,
deposit certificates, etc.

6) Remittances
A parameterized Remittances module facilitates issuance of Banker’s Cheque / Pay Orders, Demand
Drafts, Telex Transfers and Mail Transfers within 60 seconds.

7) Standing Order/Instructions
○ A powerful Standing Order module enhances the operational efficiency of the Bank’s staff.
○ Frequency of standing instructions can be defined daily, weekly monthly, quarterly, half
yearly and yearly
○ Specified Amount: Transfers the specified amount only
○ Over Specified Amount: Transfers the amount over the specified amount
○ Full Amount with out Reversal: Transfers the entire amount
○ Full Amount with Reversal: It is a reverse action of “Full Amount with out Reversal”
1) Teller and Currency Denomination Management
○ Denominations for any Currency can be specified
○ Handles all cash transactions automatically
○ Records teller activities and movements of cash including denominations throughout the day
○ Provides Teller status and Summary
1) Cheque Management
A comprehensive and effective Cheque Management system has made the system much more
secure. It provides facilities:
○ To maintain stock of cheque books
○ To flag cheque No. already en-cashed
○ To stop a cheque or a series of cheques
1) Holds and Liens
Multiple holds are allowed in a single account whereby the system puts those amounts in reserve and
blocking the withdrawal of funds seamlessly. Liens can be marked against a Term Deposit Deal, in
case it has been used as Collateral for allowing Loans and Advances to the customer.

2) Payment Systems
PIBAS Plus also includes a module for remittances integrated with the main system. The module
caters for issuance of Banker’s Cheques/Pay Orders, Demand Drafts, Telex Transfers, Mail
Transfers in any currency, re-printing of demand draft, cancellation, marking of lost reported,
issuance of duplicate draft, etc. Banker’s cheques are issued in local/base currency only.
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3) Clearing System
Inward and outward clearing can be realized on a single click and the system will mark the Outward
Clearing Return automatically and the charges will be debited from customers account. Inward and
outward clearing can be tracked by the reports available in the system.

4) Code Line Clearing / Electronic Fund Transfer (CCL/ETF/BOPCUS)

PIBAS Code Line Clearing / Electronic Fund Transfer Module provide Fund transfer from an
account to account without the conventional paper instruments or electronically by using Telephone,
computer or electronic terminal.

5) Bank Charges
A flexible, generalized and parameter driven ‘Bank Charges Module’ is available within PIBAS
Core. The main features / facilities provided in this module are:
○ Charges can be defined at Module / Function / Sub-function or Transaction levels
○ Within each of these categories, multiple sets of charges of each type are available
○ Account level charges can be defined and maintained
○ The charges can be defined and deducted on absolute amount/Percentage Bases
○ Certain Accounts/Account Types can be exempted
○ Offline Charges
○ Monthly Incidental Charges and ledger fee can be deducted on per transactional per month
bases
○ Multiple offline charges can be defined on Account type, Currency and Category basis
○ The category is defined on the basis on Period, Balance, and Transaction Type
○ Charges can be deducted at a defined frequency
○ Accounts can be exempted by defining special condition/customer code/ analysis code or
transaction code
1) Inter Branch / On-line System
PIBAS Centralized Inter Branch Application facilitates inter branch transaction posting between two
branches of a bank. It can be used to perform fund transfer, transfer delivery, cash deposit, cash
withdrawal, and encashment of banker’s cheque within different branches. A comprehensive tool is
available to monitor all online inter branch activities.

2) Audit & Control

○ A comprehensive audit and control system is available within PIBAS Core
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 ○ User maintenance and its supervision with a complete audit trail
○ Every activity performed by the user is available/reported
○ Every Transaction whether financial or non-financial, can be seen by two individuals
(maker / checker concept
○ All cancelled transaction are printed for audit purposes. Limits Audit trails are also available
○ Thorough checks and balance are available for tracking changes

F) BUSINESS VALUE
1) PIBAS Trade Finance System
PIBAS Trade Finance System facilitates comprehensive, real time, online application that automates
trade related banking operations. With this HBL will benefit a faster deal turnaround due to
parameterization and template facility. Provide a real time data extraction facility. With this workload on
skilled manpower resources also gets reduced.

2) Customer Relationship Management

Keep, review and maintains information related to customer, vendor, supplier, consultant and so on. The
main benefit of this is that unique identification of customer known as Business Relationship Number
and Consolidated MIS for customer. Customized information can be added in profile of business
entities.

3) Control Assets
Collateral Management System provides a powerful tool to the bank to manage, monitor and control
assets submitted by the customers as collaterals to avail the credit facilities of the bank. Consist of Multi-
Currency Collateral Management and Amount Permissible Calculation helps to have a grip on client’s
activities.

4) Improved Operational Efficiency

Signature Verification System provides facilities such as complete scanning, linking, maintaining and
deleting of signatures and photographs for any accounts. Improve operational efficiency and productivity
through front and back office verification capability. Furthermore, it enhances customer service due to
instantaneous access. Prevent frauds due to forged signatures.

5) Low Total Cost of Ownership

6) Unlimited number of users
7) Fully integrated solution
8) Real time/ Online system
9) Can interface with third party system
10) Risk management

COCOMO MODEL
SOFTWARE COST ESTIMATION
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The following steps will be used to estimate the software cost:

Step 1:

Number of Screens: 4280

Number of Reports: 130
Number of 3GL Modules: 9

Step2:

Number of Screens:

➢ SCREENS

Number of
Types of screen
screens
Simple 2800
Moderately
1400
complex
Highly complex 80

• Simple screen: These screens will be for HBL staff and customers.
• Moderately Complex: Moderately complex screen for the managers and senior
management
• Highly Complex: Highly complex screen for the IT manager and staff for updates
will be placed in the head office and regional offices and major branches.

➢ REPORTS

Types of reports Number of reports

Simple 100

15
 Moderately complex 20
Highly complex 10

• Simple reports: There will be twenty two simple reports for HBL staff and customers
• Moderately Complex: fifteen moderately complex reports will be generated for the
top management
• Highly Complex: ten highly complex report is generated for the IT manager for any
updates in future and also to evaluate the software’s performance.

➢ 3GL. MODULES

Type of 3GL. module Number of 3GL. module

SQL 1
Oracle 1
JAVA 1
C++ 2
VISUAL C++ 1
NET 3.0 1
Java scripting 1
WML 1

STEP 3:

➢ COMPLEXITY WEIGHT:

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 Object type Simple Moderately Complex Highly Complex
Screen 1 2 3
Report 2 5 8
3GL. Component 10

Object Type Complexity weight

Screens 2800*1=2800,1400*2=2800,80*3=240
Reports 100*2=200, 20*5= 100, 10*8= 80
Modules 10*9=90

STEP 4:
CALCULATION OF OBJECT POINTS
Object Points= REPORTS+SCREENS+3GL. MODULES
= [(200+100+80) + (2800+2800+240) + (90)]
=6310
OPC = 6310

STEP 5:

NOP= 6310(100-50)/100
NOP=3155
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Step 6:

Developers experience and compatibility Very low Low Nominal High Very high
ICASE maturity and capability Very low Low Nominal High Very high
PROD 4 7 13 25 50

The productivity level is nominal and the productivity rate is 13.

STEP7:

PM= (NOP*(1-%REUSE/100))/PROD
Where,
PM is the effort estimate in person-months
NOP is the total number of application points in the delivered system
%reuse is an estimate of the amount of reusable code in the development
PROD is the object-point productivity
PM= (3155)(0.5)/13

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PM=121.35

PM=121

DEVELOPMENT EFFORT ESTIMATE

Baseline schedule equation

B= 1.01+ 0.01(15)
B=1.16
B < 1.0, the project exhibits economies of scale
B = 1.0, the economies and diseconomies of scale are in balance
B > 1.0, the project exhibits diseconomies of scale
We have considered all scale factors of Precedentedness, development flexibility,
Architecture and risk resolution, term cohesion and Process maturity on a nominal scale.
There is obviously a limit to the extent of schedule changes and the COCOMO II model
predicts this by:

TDEV= 3 x (121) (0.33 + 0.2 x (1.16-1.01)) x 1

TDEV= 16.86
TDEV= 16.86 months

PM = effort computation in person/month

B = exponent computed
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SCED% is the percentage increase or decrease in the nominal schedule.

SOFTWARE ESTIMATED COST:

SC = effort estimate*rely*time*stor*tool*exp

Where;
Effort estimate = person/month
Rely = reliability multiplier which has a constant value of 1.39
Time = execution time constraint
Stor = storage constraint
Tool = availability of tool support
Exp = development team experience

SC=121x1.39x1.21x1.10x0.8x0.9x60000
SC = $9,670,790.45

TOTAL PROJECT COST

The three components to be taken into account in costing the project are:

1. The cost of the target hardware to execute the system

2. The cost of the platform (computer plus software) to develop the system
3. The cost of the effort required to develop the software

Option Rely Stor Time Tool Ltex Total S/w cost H/w cost Total cost
effort
A 1.39 1.21 1.10 0.8 0.9 121 $9,670,790.4 $3,500,00 $13,170,790.4
5 0 5

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 RETURN ON INVESTMENT
The cost of software is $13,170,790.45. Licence cost is $1,000,000 so the total cost is
$14,170,790.45 for 5years.
For 1 year total cost is $2,834,158.09
Savings monthly: $250000 ($1000 salary of 50 employees and $800 salary of 250
employees)
Savings per year: 250000x12= $3,000,000

ROI = (3,000,000-2,834,158.09)/2,834,158.09= 0.058

SOFTWARE SYSTEM REQUIREMENT:

Software requirement specification is known as software functional specification or system specifications.
SRSs are ideal projects for technical writers to be involved with because they lay out the foundation for the
development of a new product and for the types of user documentation and media that will be required later
in the project development life cycle. The SRS also functions as a form of completing a project with as little
cost growth as possible. The SRS is often referred to as the “parent” document because all subsequent
project management documents, such as design specification, statements of work, software specification,
testing and validation plans and documentation plans are related to it.

A software requirements specification (SRS) is a complete description of the behaviour of the software to be
developed. It includes a set of use cases that describe all of the interactions that the users will have with the
software. In addition to use cases, the SRS contains functional requirements, which define the internal
workings of the software: that is, the calculations, technical details, data manipulation and processing, and
other specific functionality that shows how the use cases are to be satisfied. It also contains non-functional
requirements, which impose constraints on the design or implementation (such as performance
requirements, quality standards or design constraints.

The SRS includes:

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  A set of use cases that describe all of the interactions that the users will have with the
software.

 All of the functional requirements necessary to define the internal workings of the software:
calculations, technical details, data manipulation and processing, and other specific
functionality that shows how the use cases are to be satisfied

 Nonfunctional requirements, which impose constraints on the design or implementation (such

as performance requirements, quality standards or design constraints

Property Measure
Speed Processed transactions/second
User/Event response time
Screen refresh time
Size K Bytes
Number of RAM chips
Ease of use Training time
Number of help frames
Reliability Mean time to failure
Probability of unavailability
Rate of failure occurrence
Availability
Robustness Time to restart after failure
Percentage of events causing failure
Probability of data corruption on failure
Portability Percentage of target dependent statements
Number of target systems

FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS:

 The Functional Requirement also called Functional Specifications or Functional Requirement

Specifications), defines the capabilities and functions that a System must be able to perform
successfully.

Functional Requirements should include:

 Descriptions of data to be entered into the system

 Descriptions of operations performed by each screen

 Descriptions of work-flows performed by the system

 Descriptions of system reports or other outputs

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  Who can enter the data into the system.

 How the system meets applicable regulatory requirements

The Functional Requirement document (also called Functional Specifications or Functional Requirement
Specifications), defines the capabilities and functions that a System must be able to perform successfully.
Functional Requirements should include:
• Descriptions of data to be entered into the system
• Descriptions of operations performed by each screen
• Descriptions of work-flows performed by the system
• Descriptions of system reports or other outputs
• Who can enter the data into the system.
• How the system meets applicable regulatory requirements
The functional specification is designed to be read by a general audience. Readers should understand the
system, but no particular technical knowledge should be required to understand the document.

Examples of Functional Requirements

Functional requirements should include functions performed by specific screens, outlines of work-flows
performed by the system and other business or compliance requirements the system must meet.
Interface requirements
• Field accepts numeric data entry
• Field only accepts dates before the current date
• Screen can print on-screen data to the printer
Business Requirements
• Data must be entered before a request can approved
• Clicking the Approve Button moves the request to the Approval Workflow
• All personnel using the system will be trained according to internal SOP AA-101
Regulatory/Compliance Requirements
• The database will have a functional audit trail
• The system will limit access to authorized users
• The spreadsheet can secure data with electronic signatures
Security Requirements
• Member of the Data Entry group can enter requests but not approve or delete requests
• Members of the Managers group can enter or approve a request, but not delete requests
• Members of the Administrators group cannot enter or approve requests, but can delete requests

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 Non-functional
requir ements

Product Or ganizational External

requir ements requir ements requirements

Non
Ef ficiency Reliability Portability Interoperability Ethical
requir ements requir ements requirements requirements requirements

Usability Delivery Implementation Standards Legislative

requirements requirements requir ements requirements requirements

Performance Space Privacy Safety

requirements requir ements requirements requirements

NON FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS:

Nonfunctional requirements define characteristics of the software which do not change its behavior.

 Users have implicit expectations about how well the software will work.

 These characteristics include how easy the software is to use, how quickly it executes, how
reliable it is, and how well it behaves when unexpected conditions arise.

 The nonfunctional requirements define these aspects about the system.

The nonfunctional requirements are sometimes referred to as “non-behavioral requirements” or “software

quality attributes.

NON FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATIONS:

 Product requirements

Requirements which specify that the delivered product must behave in a particular way e.g. execution
speed, reliability are called product requirement.

 Organizational requirements

 Requirements which are a consequence of organizational policies and procedures e.g. process
standards used, implementation requirements, etc.

 External requirements

 Requirements which arise from factors which are external to the system and its development
process e.g. interoperability requirements, legislative requirements, etc

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REFERENCES

http://hblbd.com/
http://www.pibas.com/

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