Shradha Gupta, N.K.Shukla and Shikha Jaiswal, Int. J. Comp. Tech. Appl.

, Vol 2 (1), 94-102 ISSN : 2229-6093

Comparing ITU-T G.652,653 and 655 fibers for

RZ modulation
Shradha GUPTA1, N. K. SHUKLA2 and Shikha JAISWAL3
1,2
Department of Electronic and Communication, University of Allahabad, Allahabad-211002, India
3
DepartmentofPhysics,S.D.(PG)College(C.C.S.University,Meerut),Muzaffarnagar-251001, India

ABSTRACT : The study of advanced modulation formats for high speed internet services using potentially the
bandwidth of single mode embedded fiber is very important.An investigation is done on ITU-T G 6.652(single mode
fiber) ,6.653 and 6.655 transmission fibers for RZ pulse with different duty cycle. The variation of Q-value and
BER versus distance for different duty cycle for different fibers is compare on single channel signal transmission for
10 Gbit/sec system .
Keywords: Fiber optic; Modulation; Communications

1. Introduction
system with GVD compensation interval of
The choice of fiber infrastructure is an
500 km and a fiber dispersion parameter of 1
important issue in the design of high
ps/nm/km [2].
capacity optical networks. DSF have been
Going through the literature, a need was
extensively studied at 10 Gbits per sec
felt to have a performance details of optical
transmission rate [1], but its application is
RZ pulse in other fiber types especially
limited when high input power and low
dispersion shifted fibers (DSF) of optical
channel spacing are involved.
communication systems [7-14]. Most optical
The dependence of the 10-Gb/s/ch long
communication systems have adopted the
distance transmission performance on the
non return to zero (NRZ) signal pulse format
signal pulse duty factor is studied by
for data rates of up to 10 Gb/s/ch [6, 15-19]
numerical calculation and experiments. The
however some experiments over 100 Gb/s
duty factor of the signal pulse is defined as
with dispersion management and WDM
the ratio of the signal pulse width to the bit
technology have used return to zero signal
duration time (100 ps) [2]. It is clarified that
pulse formats at data rates of 5- 10
the optimum duty factor depends on GVD
Gb/s/ch[3-5]. This is because the RZ signal
compensation interval for single-channel
pulse format has several potential
transmission. Reducing the duty factor was
advantages over the NRZ signal pulse
effective in suppressing XPM induced
format including suppression of interchannel
waveform distortion in WDM transmission.
interaction caused by the fiber nonlinearity,
Analysis of both single-channel and WDM
such as cross-phase nonlinearity (XPM) and
transmission showed that duty factors 0.5
Four Wave Mixing (FWM)
were suitable for a dispersion managed

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 Shradha Gupta, N.K.Shukla and Shikha Jaiswal, Int. J. Comp. Tech. Appl., Vol 2 (1), 94-102
and increase in signal-to-noise Ratio’s
(SNR’s) for constant average optical
powers. The issue is which duty cycle is
better for RZ pulse for single channel 10
Gbps optical communication system
using the SSMF which is extended to the
dispersion shifted
regime [20]. The results for variable duty
cycle fraction for G.652, 653 and 655 are
not available in the literature, thus explored.
2. Performance measures
The right choice of the performance
evaluation criteria for the characterization of
optical transmission links represents one of
the key issues for an effective design of
future long-haul optical systems. Long-haul
transmission links experience performance
degradation due to ASE-noise from optical
amplifiers along the line. The most widely
used performance measures for performance
evaluation are Q-factor, BER and eye
diagram.
2.1. Q-factor
Q-factor measures the quality of an analog
transmission signal in terms of its signal-to-
noise ratio (SNR). As such, it takes into
account physical impairments to the signal
viz. noise, chromatic dispersion and any
polarization or non-linear effects which can
degrade the signal and ultimately cause bit
errors. In other words, higher the value of Q-
factor the better the SNR and therefore the
lower the probability of bit errors.
2.2. BER
The BER can be estimated from eq.(1), [21]
and requires Q>6 for the BER of 10-9 .This
BER gives the upper limit for the signal
ISSN : 2229-6093
because some degradation occurs at the
receiver end.
BER =)] ........(1)
Optical communication systems use a BER
to specify the performance requirements for
a particular transmission link application.
For example SONET/SDH networks specify
that the BER must be 10-10 or lower,
whereas gigabit Ethernet &fiber channel
requires a BER of no more than 10-12.
2.3. EYE DIAGRAM
The eye diagram is powerful measurement
tool for assessing the data-handling ability
of a digital transmission system. The eye-
pattern measurements are made in the time
domain and allow the effects of waveform
distortion to be shown immediately on the
display screen. The basic upper and lower
bounds are determined by the logic one and
zero levels.
The width of the eye opening defines the
time interval over which the received signal
can be sampled without error due to
interference from adjacent pulses (known as
intersysmbol interference).The vertical
distance between the top of the eye opening
and the maximum signal level gives the
degree of distortion. The more eye closes,
the more difficult is to distinguish between
ones and zeroes in the signal.
3. System modeling for transmission
performance evaluation
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Fig.1 Optical communication link

detection is done with the use of pin
The simulated diagram of optical Photodiode at 1552 nm wavelength with
communication system considered is given
in Fig.1 to examine the performance of RZ
modulated signals on different fibers for quantum efficiency of 0.75 and 0.939 A/W
different duty cycle. The simulation has responsitivity. Electrical filter of low pass
been carried out using a commercial Bessel types with 5 poles & -3dB BW gives
package OptSimTM. The data is pseudo the electrical signal which is subsequently
random having bit rate 10 Gbits/s with 16 measured for Q values, BER and eye
samples per bit using polynomial of degree diagram.
7. The adjustable duty cycle RZ driver
converts input to electrical outputs -2.5 low Table 1. Characteristics of fibers used in
level to 2.5 high level. The numbers of poles set up.
in low pass Bessel filter has been kept to 1
and uses the -3dB cutoff frequency 9.953
S. ITU-T G.6 G.6 G.655
GHz. The Modulator is a single arm mach- No Standard 52 53 (NZDSF)
zehnder amplitude modulator with sin2 Parameter SM DSF Cor Luc
electrical shaped input-output (P-V) s F ning ent
characteristics. Typical transfer function is LEA True
taken for a mach-zehnder external F Wav
e
modulator based on the eletro-optic effects
1 Core 80× 55× 72× 55×
in the LiNbO3 devices. The level of effective 10-12 10-12 10-12 10-12
extinction ratio (corresponding to the ratio area (m2)
between the maximum and minimum values 2 Loss at 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
of the input-output transmission 1550 nm
characteristics) is kept ideal.Fixed output (in dB)
power optical amplifier is used which sets 3 Zero 139 158 151 146
dispersion 1.5 0.24 5.43 6.22
the amplifier gain so as to have a total
wavelengt
output power equal to a 5 dBm, flat gain h (nm)
shape and noise figure value 4.5. 4 Fiber non- 1.27 1.84 1.40 1.84
The fiber length is varied up to 180 km in linearity(1 8
presence of fiber nonlinearity and /W/km)
polarization mode dispersion but without 5 First order 16 -2 4 4.5
Raman cross talk to analyze the variation of dispersion
D (ps/nm-
various factors with respect to distance.
km)
At the receiver, optical signal is passed 6 Second 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.10
through band pass raised cosine optical filter order 8
for centre wavelength 1552 nm. The dispersion

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 Shradha Gupta, N.K.Shukla and Shikha Jaiswal, Int. J. Comp. Tech. Appl., Vol 2 (1), 94-102 ISSN : 2229-6093

D’
(ps/nm2-
km)
7 β2(ps2/km) - 2.55 - -
20.4 1 5.10 5.74
07 2
8 Β3(ps3/km 0.14 0.10 0.18 0.08
) 745 96 4 3
9 Non- 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5
linearity ×10- ×10- ×10- ×10-
20 20 20 20
refractive
index Fig 2.1. Q-value vs distance for SSMF
10 Non- 155 155 155 155
linearity 0 0 0 0
refer.
wavelengt
h (nm)

4. Results and Discussion

The investigation has been carried out at a

bit rate of 10Gb/s for variable length link to
yield a performance analysis of RZ data
format for different duty cycle under
different ITU-T recommended fibers. Fig 2.2. Q-value vs distance for DSF fiber
To optimize the amplifier spacing it is
important to investigate the performance of
different fibers listed in Table1 for variable
length. Fig.(2)-(3) represents the variation of
Q-value and BER with duty-cycle
respectively for different fibers. Fig.4.
represents the comparison of eye diagram
for different fibers for fixed length (i.e.
100km) & duty cycle 0.8.
Fig 2.3
Q-value vs distance for Corning LEAF

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G65 DSF 150-160

3

G65 Lucent TW 150-160

5

G65 Corning 155-157

5 LEAF

Fig 2.4. Q-value vs distance for Lucent TW

Fig 2. Q-value vs distance for different

fibers

SONET/SDH networks specify that BER

must be 10-10 or less. The maximum length
range attainable with duty cycle variation
Fig
from 0.2 to 0.8 is listed in Table 2 (Fig 3).
3.1 BER vs single mode fiber length
Thus, amplifier distance can be increased up
to 30 km for SSMF with duty cycle selection
from 0.2 – 0.8. The amplifier distance can
be increased only 10 km for DSF whereas
this value is very low for LEAF and TW
fibers.
From fig 2.3 and 2.4 it is clear that LEAF
and TW fiber are showing similar trend, the
Q-value variation with duty cycle is
observed only for 40 – 120 km length of
fiber. On comparing these 4 fibers for fixed Fig
length (100 km) of fiber & fixed duty cycle 3.2 BER vs DSF length
(0.8) then the eye diagram is shown in fig.4.

Table 2. Fiber length range for duty cycle

variation from 0.2 - 0.8, for BER=10-10

ITU- Fiber used Fiber span length

T (kms)

G65 SSMF 60-90

2

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Fig 3.3 BER vs Corning LEAF fiber length

Fig 4.1 Eye diagram for SSMF

Fig 3.4 BER vs Lucent TW fiber length Fig 4.2 Eye Diagram for DS normal

Fig 3. BER vs fiber length for different

ITU-T transmission fibers for variable
duty cycle 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 of RZ pulse.

Fig 3 shows the variation of BER with fiber

length for different ITU-T standard fibers
for different duty cycle. Fig 4 shows the eye
diagram for different fibers at span length of
100 kms and fixed duty cycle value of
0.8.On comparing Fig 4.1, 4.2, 4.3 and 4.4 it
is clear that DSF gives the best results in the
Fig 4.3 Eye diagram for LEAF
optical communication link of 100 kms at 10
Gb/s/ch with duty cycle 0.8 of RZ pulse.

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5. Conclusion

The ITU-T recommended fibers are

compared for RZ modulation by varying the
span length to 180 km without post
compensation for different duty cycle at 10
Gb/s/ch optical communication system. For
SSMF, the variation of duty cycle help to
increase the amplifier distance from 60 to 90
km. Whereas DSF fiber shows negligible
change with duty cycle but the maximum
Fig 4.4 Eye diagram for True Wave span length travelled is about 150 km which
is better than SSMF. Corning and Lucent
Fig 4 Eye diagram for different ITU-T fiber are showing similar trends i.e span
transmission fiber. length travelled increases upto 120 kms on
The Q-value for 100 km fiber length & 0.8 increasing duty cycle value and the Q-value
duty cycle is listed in Table.3.The higher decreases with the increase in duty cycle
duty cycles gives higher Q values in SSMF, value
while it is least effected in DSF. The Lucent
TW and Corning LEAF shows exactly 6. References
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