Challenge:

India has one of the largest and densest road networks in the world, with a total of 3.3
million km. However, till the year 2000, around 30% of its population, or 300 million
people, lacked access to all-weather roads. Moreover, a large part of the 2.7 million km
network of rural roads was in poor condition. In late 2000, the Government of India
launched its National Rural Roads Program (Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana or
PMGSY) to improve rural connectivity in a systematic manner. Until the end of 2010, the
program had added 300,000 kms of rural roads, and improved connectivity to over
73,000 habitations.

The World Bank commenced its support to the PMGSY in September 2004 with a $ 400
million Rural Roads Project (2004 -2012 ). The project supported the program in building
roads in select districts of Himachal Pradesh, Rajasthan, Jharkhand and Uttar Pradesh.

In December 2010, the World Bank approved a further $1.5 billion for the program to
continue improving connectivity, especially in the economically weaker and hilly states.
The new project will benefit an estimated 6.1 million people in Himachal Pradesh,
Jharkhand, Meghalaya, Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh where it aims
to provide 91% connectivity on average by constructing 24,200 km of all-weather roads.

The project will introduce e-procurement, social audits, and performance-based

maintenance. More than 20,000 engineers, many contractors, and a skilled and unskilled
workforce will be trained in modern road engineering practices and business procedures.
The project also includes $60 million in technical assistance to build the capacity of the
rural roads agencies, especially in the management of assets and the maintenance of
roads.

Results:

From the rough, mountainous terrain of Himachal Pradesh to the dry, rugged landscape
of Rajasthan, new roads are revitalizing the rural economy, raising incomes, and
improving the quality of rural life. Farmers now find it easier to take their produce to
market in time, school enrollment is on the rise, and families' access to health care has
improved.

The Rural Roads Project has also brought about a paradigm shift in the way rural roads
are mapped, designed, monitored, and built:

Innovations:

People Make the Choices: A unique feature of the program is the ‘Transect Walk’
where representatives of local communities walk the entire stretch of the proposed road
so that their concerns can be taken into account at the design stage itself. For instance,
where the community feels that a culturally sacred place, a heritage site, or an important
seasonal water body will be affected by the road, an alternative route is found. If the
proposed route crosses a very poor villager’s land, it is ensured that this land is not
acquired.

Green Norms Established: The project has helped to lay down an environmental
protection code to ensure that trees are planted along the newly built roads, steep hillsides
are stabilized, the top soil is not affected, and debris from construction is not left behind
after the work is done.

Quality Control: Before the project began, each state government had its own
benchmarks for the quality of construction. The project has helped to establish common
standards for all states across the country. The capacity of small local contractors to
deliver works of the desired quality has been enhanced. Government engineering staff
have also been exposed to global best practices in road construction.

Ongoing Maintenance Ensured: Contracts for road building have in-built 5 year
maintenance contracts that ensure that the contractor builds a good quality road at the
outset and continues to maintain it for five years thereafter.

• The Mumbai Urban Transport Project (MUTP) is Mumbai's biggest-ever comprehensive

transport management plan.It is the first step to improve rail and road transportation
infrastructure in this traffic-choked mega-city, India's commercial and financial center,
and one of the most densely populated areas in the world.
The project is also the first attempt in India and the World Bank to resettle such a large number of
people in an urban area. The resettlement process itself has become a pioneering exercise in
improving the lives of the urban poor. The process has yielded many lessons that will be useful in
future projects in India and the world.

The total project cost is US$945 million. Of this, the World Bank has financed US$542 million.
The loan came into effect in November 2002; the project is still ongoing.

Improvements to Infrastructure:

• Roads: Two major east-west roads are being converted into six-lane highways to ensure
the smooth and safe flow of traffic. Some 644 new user-friendly buses with larger
carrying capacity have been introduced, modernizing the bus fleet.
.
• Rail: The project is increasing the speed and capacity of Mumbai's suburban rail system,
the lifeline of the city. Additional railway track is being added to enable it to carry more
trains. Newer, modern, better-ventilated and more comfortable railway coaches are being
introduced; some new coaches are already plying. As a result, the capacity of trains has
increased by 7-10 percent during the rush hours, reducing the travel time of hundreds of
thousands of passengers.
.
 • Resettlement and Rehabilitation (R&R): This is also the World Bank’s first attempt to
resettle a very large number of people in an urban area. Some 17,500 families –
including thousands of squatter families living in shacks along railway tracks -- have been
relocated to safe permanent dwellings and given legal title to their new housing. As a
result, the speed of suburban trains has vastly improved, reducing commuting time for
about six million citizens who use the system every day. More than 700 shops have
been relocated to alternative sites.

The resettlement process itself has become a pioneering exercise in improving the lives
of the urban poor, yielding many valuable lessons that can be put to use in future projects
in India and the world.
More on Resettlement | Feature Story | Slide Show

Additional Facts on the Resettlement:

• Families now have formal ownership of their homes. Homes are fitted with running water
and electricity, and with indoor toilets.
.
• The interim findings of an independent impact assessment conducted by the Tata
Institute of Social Sciences shows that 80 percent of the resettled people, especially the
women, are happier at the resettlement site.
.
• At the Mankhurd site - the largest resettlement site under MUTP where about 6,000
families have been resettled - average household income has gone up from almost
Rs.3,000 before resettlement, to over Rs 5,000 now. When adjusted for inflation,
this shows a real rise of 30 percent in average income.
..
• At the Majaz resettlement site, the average household income has risen from almost Rs.
5,000 to almost Rs. 8,000 now which, adjusted against inflation, shows a real rise of 26
percent.
.
• About 50 percent of the resettled families are reported to have bought household assets
such TV, fans, mobile phones, cooking gas, etc after resettlement. The findings also
indicate that the resettled families now have a new sense of self-esteem, and experience
greater safety and privacy in their new homes.
Project Details:

Amount
Components (US $ Loan Terms
Million)

IBRD Loan repayable over 20 years with 5

Rail 305
year grace period

IBRD Loan repayable over 20 years with 5

Road 150
year grace period

IDA Credit - an interest-free loan repayable

Resettlement 79
over 35 years with a 10-year grace period

Channeled through the Government of

Total From World Bank 542
India

Govt. of India and 403

 Govt. Maharashtra

Total Cost of Project 945

Andhra Pradesh State Highways Project

Roads to Prosperity
Ramakrishnaraju stands proudly in his 3 hectare banana
plantation in Madhavarampodu village in Cuddapah
district in the interior of rural Andhra Pradesh.

A new inter-state highway that links Hyderabad, the

state’s capital, to Chennai in neighboring Tamil Nadu
runs beside his trees.

Until three years ago, Ramakrishnaraju and others

farmed the way their forefathers had done for
generations. They grew low-value crops of rice, coarse
cereals, and groundnuts. Some of the produce was kept
to feed the family and the rest was sold for small sums to middlemen who then sold it on for
higher profits in the big urban markets further away.

New cash crops, flourishing markets, and higher returns

Now, the new highway has changed all that. Completed in June 2004 with US$ 350 million in
financing from the World Bank, it has brought prosperity to this far-flung region.

Once he heard about the proposed highway,

Ramakrishnaraju changed his age-old practices and set
out a new banana plantation on his field.

Now, his farm is flourishing and fruit merchants from the

nearby market towns arrive regularly to pick up the ripe
bananas.

Returns per hectare have leapt three fold;

Ramakrishnaraju now earns Rs.75,000 (US$ 1744)
each season from this crop. “Once the others in the
village saw the benefits I received, they switched over to
growing bananas too,” he says with the pride of a
pioneer.

The local farmers’ cooperative has also felt the difference. Farmers and merchants now pour into
this roadside market to trade in the region’s famed mango, papaya, banana, and lime crops.
Earnings for all have almost doubled as the new highway has reduced travel times and
spoilage is now almost nil.
Better connectivity to towns and reduced transport costs

Transporters have stood to gain as well. Trucks and

buses now reach their destinations sooner, and fuel
and maintenance costs are down.

“These savings mean that we don’t have to raise fares

every time fuel prices go up,” says R. Venkatraman, the
state transport undertaking’s local manager.

And the new road is safer, too. Truck driver Mohammad

Aziz, who makes the Hyderabad-Chennai journey at
least four times a month ferrying iron ore, explains,
“Earlier I would constantly encroach into the oncoming
lane to avoid the potholes. Now, I drive at a good speed
and can travel safely at night as I can see the margins clearly.”

Petrol pumps and roadside eateries have sprung up along the highway opening up new
opportunities for rural youth. As testimony to this new demand, land prices along the highway
have increased, with much of the land having doubled in value. The enterprising have bought
three-wheeled vehicles and vans to carry agricultural produce to market and are earning good
profits. And village folk can now look for work further afield, without adding to the numbers who
used to migrate to cities and towns in search of work.

NEW DELHI, January 14, 2011 ─ More than one million people living in the coastal areas of
Orissa and Andhra Pradesh are set to benefit from a program financed by the World Bank to
provide $255 million to support the first phase of the Government of India’s national program to
mitigate the impact of cyclones.

World Bank Group President, Robert B. Zoellick, joined India’s Finance Minister, Mr. Pranab
Mukherjee, and Mr. M. Shashidhar Reddy, Vice Chairman, National Disaster Management
Authority (NDMA), to witness the signing of the $255 million agreement for phase one of the
National Cyclone Risk Mitigation Project (I) (NCRMP-I), to be implemented by the NDMA.

“This project assumes significance because close to 500 million people, or half of the country’s
total population, live in the 13 cyclone-prone States and Union Territories. This includes nine
states: Gujarat, Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Orissa and
West Bengal; two Union Territories: Daman & Diu and Pondicherry; and two island groups:
Lakshadweep and Andaman & Nicobar Islands. These are coastal states that contribute
significantly to the country’s GDP and economic growth. Hence, the negative impact of recurrent
cyclones is huge and diverts scarce resources from planned development activities into relief,
rehabilitation and reconstruction,” said Mr. Mukherjee.

“The project marks the first disaster risk mitigation initiative to be implemented in India. It
highlights the strides India is making in moving from a reactive to an anticipatory approach to
disaster and risk management,” said Zoellick.

“We expect this project will pave the way for a long term partnership with India which will
ultimately benefit millions of people, now vulnerable to the risks of natural disasters in India. The
World Bank can offer significant experience in translating national risk mitigation strategies into
effective policies which can help reduce the risks and losses caused by these natural disasters,”
he added.

It is the first Adaptable Program Loan (APL) taken by the country. The overall program is
expected to include at least three phases. After the first phase in the states of Orissa and Andhra
Pradesh, it is expected to be expanded to other States and Union Territories in the second and
third stages. This phased in approach will help incorporate lessons learned as well as new ideas
and advancements in technology in the management of risks.

The project aims to upgrade early warning and communications systems to reach vulnerable
communities in coastal areas. It will also help boost the ability of local communities to respond to
disasters, improve access to emergency shelters in high risk areas and strengthen disaster risk
management capability at the central, state and local levels.

With a view to strengthen the existing early warning system in all coastal districts, and to
disseminate early warnings down to the community level in a timely and effective manner, an
early warning system will be installed in about 1,740 villages - 760 in Andhra Pradesh and 980 in
Orissa - within five kilometers of the coastline. The warnings customized by the state/district
emergency centers will be broadcast through public address systems in the coastal villages using
CDMA/GSM based Remote Public Alert and Communications Systems (R-PACS). The remotely
triggered public address and alarm system will eliminate the need for 24/7 physical monitoring at
the village level.

India is highly vulnerable to natural hazards, particularly earthquakes, floods, droughts, cyclones
and landslides. Studies indicate that natural disaster losses equate up to 2 percent of India’s GDP
and up to 12 percent of federal government revenues. About 5,700 kilometers of India’s coastline
is exposed to severe cyclones and approximately 40% of India’s population lives within 100 km of
the coastline. Analyzed data for the period 1980-2000 indicates that on an average, annually, 370
million people are exposed to cyclones in India.

India’s response to two of the biggest disasters in this current decade, the Gujarat earthquake
and the Asian tsunami, has been seen as efficient and effective. Through this period, India also
enacted the Disaster Management Act in 2005 and established the National and State Disaster
Management Authorities.

Project Details:

Orissa
The investment proposals in Orissa include the following:
• Construction of about 155 multipurpose cyclone shelters for about 169,000 people
across 286 villages;
• Strengthening/upgrading of 263 kilometers of access roads that will serve 191
cyclone shelters;
• Rehabilitation and strengthening of 23 saline embankments, with a total length of
about 160 km in 6 coastal districts benefiting 221,000 people.

Andhra Pradesh
The investment proposals in Andhra Pradesh include the following:
• Construction of about 148 multipurpose cyclone shelters to serve about 95,000
population;
• Construction/strengthening of almost 800 kilometers of all-weather roads;
• Construction of 22 new bridges at critical crossings, benefiting about 500,000
population;
• Restoration/strengthening of two tidal banks of about 35km.
The agreement was signed by Mr Venu Rajamony, Joint Secretary, Department of Economic
Affairs, Ministry of Finance, on behalf of Government of India, and Mr Roberto Zagha, World
Bank Country Director, India.

The credit is provided by the World Bank’s fund for the poorest, the International Development
Association (IDA), and has 35 years to maturity and a 10-year grace period.

****

New Delhi, January 14, 2011: More than six million people are set to directly benefit from a new
agreement for the World Bank to provide $1.5 billion in funding to expand India’s rural roads
program, the largest rural roads project the Bank has ever approved.

World Bank Group President, Robert B. Zoellick, joined India’s Finance Minister Pranab
Mukherjee to witness the signing of the deal to supplement the Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak
Yojana (PMGSY) or the Prime Minister’s Rural Roads Program.

The funding will be used to build more than 24,000 kilometers of all weather roads in the states of
Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Meghalaya, Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh
and any other state, which may join the program at a later date over the next five years. The
construction and maintenance of these roads will create an estimated 300 million person-days of
employment for the rural people. More than 20,000 engineers as well as many contractors and
skilled and unskilled workforce will be trained in modern rural road engineering practices and
business procedures.

Speaking on the occasion, Finance Minister Pranab Mukherjee said, “Government of India
launched PMGSY in the year 2000 -- a time when almost 41% habitations did not have access to
all-weather roads and a large part of the road network was in poor condition. Today, the PMGSY
program has added about 300,000 km of new and improved rural roads connecting over 73,000
habitations, yet some parts of the country, especially in the economically weaker and hilly states
still remain inaccessible. Under the overall PMGSY program, some 375,000 km of new roads are
being constructed and another 372,000 km improved at an estimated cost of about $40 billion.
The World Bank is supplementing our efforts in providing all-weather connectivity”.

“Delivering much needed infrastructure will help India in its drive to ensure all people have
opportunity,” said Mr Zoellick. “Roads are an essential lifeline -- vital not only to boost people’s
incomes by providing greater access to markets, but also to help raise education standards, as
teachers and children have the means to get to school, no matter what the weather. These roads
will not only connect people to markets and services but also create jobs in rural areas.”

“The World Bank is pleased to work with the Government of India as it ramps up the pace and
quality of work under this important national program,” he said.

The agreement was signed by Mr Venu Rajamony, Joint Secretary, Department of Economic
Affairs, Ministry of Finance, on behalf of Government of India, and Mr Roberto Zagha, Country
Director, India on behalf of the World Bank.

The World Bank experience in funding rural roads programs globally will be used to enhance the
effectiveness of India’s program by improving its overall systems and policy framework, with a
greater focus on achieving results. The World Bank project also includes $60 million in technical
assistance to build the capacity of the rural roads agencies, especially in the ongoing
management of assets and the sustainable maintenance of roads.

Over the next five years, the project, along with Government of India funds, will enable
participating states achieve 91 percent connectivity, by building the roads and improving the links
of the existing network. A system will be developed for maintaining these roads in good condition
over the long term.

The project will help improve performance and address key sector issues such as maintenance,
further strengthening capacity, governance, and accountability. It will introduce efficiency
measures, such as e-procurement, social audits, and performance-based maintenance. Greater
emphasis will be placed on developing the capacity of road agencies to carry out the program
effectively, and adhere to technical design standards, especially in the smaller and more remote
communities.

The project will be financed from two World Bank institutions: the International Development
Association (IDA), the Bank’s fund for the poorest countries, and by the International Bank for
Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), which supports credit-worthy developing countries.
The IDA credit is on both regular and hard terms. While IDA on regular terms provides interest-
free loans with 35 years to maturity and a 10-year grace period, the latter attracts a 3.2 % interest
rate with the same years of maturity and grace period. The IBRD loan has a 5-year grace period,
and a maturity of 18 years.

New Delhi, January 13, 2011: India and the World Bank today agreed to further strengthen their
partnership to advance India’s green-growth agenda at a meeting today between Minister of State
for Environment & Forests (Independent Charge) Jairam Ramesh, and World Bank Group
President Robert B. Zoellick.

Welcoming the discussions, Mr Ramesh noted, “Our Government is clear about the need to
reflect and factor in ecological concerns into our growth process so that the benefits of growth
can be achieved without critically straining the environment. Our projects supported by the World
Bank specifically address our most compelling environmental concerns, including river cleaning
and conserving our biodiversity. We are also working at strengthening our environmental
regulators as a probable area of future engagement.”

Applauding the government’s efforts, Mr Zoellick said, “India is working to integrate its growth
objectives and need to overcome poverty with the sustainability of natural resources and the well-
being of future generations. The Government is striving to avoid actions that will add to costs –
today and tomorrow – for health, clean water, clean air and preservation of valuable biodiversity.
The World Bank Group is pleased to share its experience to support India’s inclusive and
sustainable development.”

The Minister and the Bank President discussed the Government’s vision for a strong sustainable
development agenda. The Government is focusing efforts on applying rigorous environmental
safeguards for infrastructure projects, strengthening the environmental governance system,
revitalizing regulatory institutions, investing in air and water quality improvements, and addressing
the challenge of climate change on an ongoing basis.

Responding to the Government of India’s call for enhanced support for integrating environment
sustainability into its high-growth agenda, Mr. Zoellick reiterated the World Bank’s commitment to
provide support over the next two years in this area. This financial support will be earmarked for a
range of initiatives to help strengthen environmental management practices and will be additional
to what is already committed to build responses across sectors to challenges posed by climate
change.

The partnership between the World Bank and the Government of India will support programs that
help India maintain high growth as a primary objective, while also either building climate
resilience or promoting clean energy solutions, consistent with India’s 11th Five Year Plan. This
includes projects that build fuel-efficient transport infrastructure, clean energy hydropower plants,
efficient water supply and wastewater systems, as well as programs that help farmers, fishing
communities and people in other vulnerable communities safeguard their livelihoods against the
vagaries of a changing climate.
As India accelerates its response to the environment challenges that face its growing economy,
the Bank too has stepped up its financial support for the government’s various environment
management and protection programs. Some of the initiatives include:

I. Integrated Coastal Zone Management Project

In the fiscal year ended June 2010, the Bank approved $220 million to help India manage and
protect its valued coastal zones without sacrificing the livelihoods of those that depend on it. The
Integrated Coastal Zone Management Project is helping establish an institutional structure to
coordinate coastal zone management nationally, and is piloting integrated approaches to coastal
zone management in Gujarat, Orissa and West Bengal.

II. Industrial Pollution Management Project

The Bank also provided $65 million to help rehabilitate select industrially polluted sites and to
support the development of a national framework for the remediation of polluted and orphaned
contaminated sites. An ongoing $20 million project for energy efficiency also supports the
phasing out of ozone-depleting substances.

III. The National Ganga Project

The Bank is preparing a $ 1 billion project to support the government’s ambitious program to
clean and conserve the Ganga, which involves operationalisation of the National Ganga River
Basin Authority and associated state-level institutions. It will finance sewage collection and
treatment and municipal solid waste management to help reduce pollution in the river.

IV. New Areas of Engagement Being Discussed:

(a) Strengthening Capacity of CPCB/SPCBs

The proposed project to strengthen the capacity of the Pollution Control Boards will help build
their skills and infrastructure, ensure their financial sustainability and set up new monitoring and
data management mechanisms.

(b) Biodiversity Conservation

The proposed biodiversity project will seek to demonstrate conservation measures in various
ecosystems, catalogue India’s rich biodiversity in hotspots, and support livelihoods of
communities living within biodiversity-rich areas and enable them to benefit from investments in
these areas.
WASHINGTON, DC, January 11, 2011 ─ The World Bank today approved an IDA credit of
$162.7 million to help improve livelihood opportunities for some 400,000 village households in 17
districts of Rajasthan. The Bank also approved a credit of $7.98 million additional finance for an
ongoing watershed development Project in Uttarakhand that is helping rural communities
increase agriculture productivity as well as rural incomes through a decentralized watershed
management approach.

The funding for the Rajasthan Rural Livelihoods Project will help improve economic
opportunities for rural communities, especially women and marginal groups, in 9000 villages of
the state. It will channel financing for income-generating activities through some 33,000 SHGs;
link selected SHGs to markets; and also help develop skills for unemployed rural youth.

The Project aims to help the state government raise income levels for some 400,000 rural poor
households in Rajasthan. Despite rapid decline in poverty from 50% in 1970 to about 24% in
2005, the absolute numbers of poor families in the state of Rajasthan still stand at more than 2
million (Census 2002). Recurring drought and a growing crisis in ground water supply, have
further contributed to the challenges facing rural households.

“This Project with the World Bank is building on the successful livelihood initiatives undertaken in
India to provide mechanisms by which rural households can improve their overall economic well-
being,” said Venu Rajamony, Joint Secretary, Department of Economic Affairs, Ministry of
Finance.

“Global experience has shown that while general growth of the economy helps reduce poverty, it
needs to be complemented by specific strategies designed to expand opportunities for the
poor,” said Roberto Zagha, World Bank Country Director for India.

The Project will build on lessons learned from the earlier Bank-financed Rajasthan District
Poverty Initiatives Project (DPIP) which had helped poor rural communities build assets through
Common Interest Groups (CIGs); provided linkages to markets; and built a cadre of trained
people at the village level. However, the inability of CIG members to access funds for subsequent
investments raised questions on the sustainability of the CIG model beyond the project phase.

“The project intends to provide a sustainable mechanism by which rural poor, particularly women,
can improve their access to social and financial services. The design of this project draws on
lessons learned from not only the first phase of the Rajasthan DPIP but also from the rich
experiences of the on-going second generation livelihood projects being implemented in the
states of Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Bihar, Orissa, and Madhya Pradesh,” said Nathan
Belete, Task Team Leader for the project.

The Project will build the capacity of community institutions to deal more effectively with
commercial banks, market institutions, public sector departments, and develop new partnerships
with the cooperatives and the private sector.
The credit is provided by the World Bank’s fund for the poorest, the International Development
Association (IDA), and has 35 years to maturity and a 10-year grace period.

The additional funding of $7.98 million for the Uttarakhand Decentralized Watershed
Development Project will sustain support for ongoing activities like helping farmers set up small
agribusinesses. These are critical to achieving the planned 10% increase in rural incomes in
project areas by the end of the implementation period. The need for additional funds was brought
about largely by increases in prices of goods and services since the Project began in 2004.

According to a mid-term impact survey of 400 households in 40 villages conducted by TERI, real
income in these households has grown by 7%, two percentage points higher than the mid-term
target of 5%. This increase is driven by farm income growth which is twice the non-farm income
growth during this period. Irrigated area under the project has increased by 10%, cropping
intensity has gone up by 24%, and crop yields by 7%. The area under high-value horticulture has
increased by 30% in the project villages.

“If the current trends are maintained, the targeted 10 percent increase in the household income
by end of the Project is likely to be realized,” said Ranjan Samantray, World Bank Task Team
Leader for the project. The additional financing will help support critical agribusiness activities
and further boost rural incomes.”

The credit is provided by the World Bank’s fund for the poorest, the International Development
Association (IDA), and has 35 years to maturity and a 10-year grace period.

The Bank's current engagement in Rajasthan includes two state-specific projects in irrigation &
water resources and health systems development, together comprising around $253 million.
Besides, Rajasthan is also a major shareholder in the multistate rural roads project, of which
Rajasthan's share is around $229 million. Total Bank commitment in Rajasthan: $482 million
which constitutes around 2% of the total net commitments in India.

Uttarakhand is currently implementing 2 state projects together amounting to $203 million. This
constitutes around 1% of the total net commitments in India.
As of today, India is the largest IDA (International Development Association) and the third largest
IBRD (International Bank for Reconstruction and Development) borrower from the World
Bank. The Bank's $21.9 billion-portfolio in the country covers 77 active investment projects.