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1630
Shunt
transformer Fig. 2: Representation of a series connected VSC
transformer. The basic function of converter 1 is to supply or Fig. 3: Vector diagram of the equivalent circuit of VSC
absorb the real power demand by converter 2 at the common
dc link. It can also generate or absorb controllable reactive
power and provide independent shunt reactive compensation The injection model is obtained by replacing the voltage
for the line. Converter 2 supplies or absorbs locally the E
source by the current source I, = -jb, in parallel with
required reactive power and exchanges the active power as a
result of the series injection voltage.
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1631
v;. L O I
.
vj Lej
=b,rV,. V j sin 0 . , + y + j b s r V i V j c o s ( 0 o + y ) ( 6 )
( l J
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1632
60
A UPFC is assumed to be located on the line between North- Q [Mvarl r=0,09
@@-)
Lake in Hale network [7]. The base active power flow
through the line is about 41 MW. 40 -
y=90
20 -
y=270
0-
y=O
[MWl
-20
The UPFC is planned for: The results of a study to achieve minimum losses are shown
in Fig. 10. (The minimum losses are determined by varying
e Regulating the active power flow ( p in Fig. 7) by rand Y for a given PI. Also, the results of a study using a
120 MW (f50%). phase shifting transformer (PST) is shown for comparison.
The following data for PST is selected:
Minimising the total power losses.
Y Ldeg.1
0
0 90 180 270 360
20 30 40 50 60
The variation of Q against P for the same variation of r and
y are shown in Fig. 9. Fig 10: Optimum powerPow for UPFC and PST (P ~ o oiss sthe
total system losses for base loading and without any FACTS
device
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1633
28
30
32
34
- 1.41
- 2.12
- 2.83
- 3.26
0.9653
0.9643
0.9663
0.9659
- 2.25
- 2.93
- 3.65
- 4.05
0.9681
I--
7 Perform load flow
Reducer,,,
36 - 3.56 0.9682 - 4.40 0.9709
~
I I I I
38
40
42
I
I
- 3.75
- 3.75
- 3.42
I
I
0.9683
0.9687
0.9718
I
I
- 4.54
- 4.53
-4.21
I
I 0.9745
II Power Flow
Requiremalts
j Yes
Gmv2 less
Table 2 shows the improvement of UPFC performance in Fig. 11: Flow chart for determining optimum size of UPFC
view of loss minimisation and voltage stabilisation when the
capacity of converter1 is fully utilised.
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1634
A steady state mathematical model for the UPFC was Mojtaba Noroozian: (M’92) He received his B.SC. in
proposed. The proposed model can easily be incorporated in electrical engineering from Arya-Mehr (sharif) University in
existing power flow programs. The capability of UPFC in Tehran, M.Sc. in power systems from University of
optimal power flow applications was demonstrated and Manchester, Institute of Technology (UMIST) and Ph.D.
compared with that of a PST. It was shown that a UPFC can from Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden. He has been
be controlled in a power system to satisfy the following with ASEA (ABB) since 1984. He is now with ABB Power
objectives simultaneously: Systems AB, Reactive Power Compensation Division.
Lennart Angquist:. He received his M.Sc. degree in
* Regulating power $ow through a transmission line electrical engineering from Lund Institute of Technology,
(over-load reliej loop $ow minimisation, contractual Sweden. He joined ASEA in Vasteris, working with motor
power$owfulfilment, etc. ). drives and power electronics for industrial and traction
applications. Since 1987 he has been with ABB Power
Systems AB, Reactive Power Compensation Division.
0 Minimisation of power losses without generation
rescheduling. Mehrdad Ghandhari: He is a graduate student at the Royal
Institute of Technology, Sweden. His interest is power
system dynamics.
Goran Andersson: (M’86-SM’91) He received his M.Sc.
and Ph.D. degree from the University of Lund. In 1980 he
joined ASEA:s HVDC-division and in 1986 he was
appointed professor in Electric Power Systems at the Royal
[11 N.Hingorani, “FACTS, Flexible Transmission Systems”,
Institute of Technology, Stockholm. He is a member of the
In Proceedings of Fifth International Conference on AC and
Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences and the
DC Power Transmission, London, September 1991, pp. 1-7.
Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.
[2] L. Gyugyi, “Dynamic Compensation of AC Transmission
Lines by Solid-state Synchronous Voltage Sources”,
Presented at IEEE 1993 Summer Meeting, Paper No. 93 SM
434-1 PWRD.
[3] R. Mihalic, et.al, “Improvement of Transient Stability
Using Unified Power Flow Controller”, Presented at IEEE
Winter Meeting, Paper 95 WM 269-1 PWRD.
[4] E. Lerch, et.al, “ Simulation and Performance Analysis of
Unified Power Flow Controller”, Cigre, 1994 session, Pages
14-205.
[ 5 ] L.Gyugyi, et.al, “The unified Power Flow Controller: A
New Approach To Power Transmission Control”, Presented
at 1994 IEEE Summer Meeting, Paper No. 94-SM 474-7
PWRD.
[6] M. Noroozian, 6. Andersson, “Power Flow Control by
Use of Controllable Series Components“, IEEE Transactions
on Power Delivery, vol. 8, no. 3, pages 1420-1429, July
1993.
[7] G. W. Stagg and A. Abiad, “Computer Methods in Power
System Analysis”, McGraw-Hill, New York, First Edition.
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