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Ý About 5% of the ethanol produced in the world in 2003 was actually a petroleum
product. It is made by the catalytic hydration of ethylene with sulfuric acid as the
catalyst. It can also be obtained via ethylene or acetylene, from calcium carbide, coal,
oil gas, and other sources.
Ý 3ioethanol, unlike petroleum, is claimed by certain advocates to be a form of
renewable energy that can be produced from agricultural feedstocks. It can be made
from very common crops such as sugar cane, potato, manioc and corn.
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Ý xeduction of corn feedstock due to the reduction of corn planted area results in higher
feedstock costs and tightening supply for all grades.
Ý imited imports due to globally disappointing harvests and the resulting intensified
competition with the food and fuels sectors, along with a series of unplanned and
planned synthetic ethanol unit outages.
Ý ¦ow useful bioethanol will be in replacing gasoline. Concerns about its production
and use relate to increased food prices due to the large amount of
Ý arable land required for crops, as well as the energy and pollution balance of the
whole cycle of ethanol production.
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Ý ÿThe ³wet-milling´ process soaks grains in water, usually with a sulfurous acid, to
separate the starch-rich endosperm from the high-protein germ and high-fiber husks.
These wet mills tend to be larger and produce a number of co-products in addition to
ethanol.
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Ý Mostly: Corn
Ý Pretreatment: Wet-mill fermentation
Ý ualifications: Grain processing
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Ý Intermediate products: Mash, sugar
Ý Main Products: ëthanol
Ý 3y-products: Distillers' grains plus solubles, Carbon Dioxide
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Ý The wet-mill fermentation process is more versatile than dry mill fermentation,
because of the products it yields.