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Axial compressor
Lecture notes to C. R. S.
Chap 5b
Design process
Number of stages
l de Haller 0,72
– tan2β 2=DH2(1+tan2β 1)-1
l blade speed, U (from above)
l axial velocity, Cm (from above)
l gives temperature increase for stage,
cp dTo=U Cm ( tanβ 2 -tanβ1 )
l total temperature increase (Tout - Toin)
gives stages, n = (Tout - Toin) / dTo
Gas turbine theory Thermo - and Fluid Dynamics, CTH
Cohen, Rogers, Saravanamuttoo Ulf Håll, Turbomachinery
4 2002-0 4 -11
Chapter 5b, Axial Compressors
Flow angles
Stage
l U=ωr known
l mass flow gives C m
l (Λ) , C m and U gives α1
l ∆To gives Cu2
Blade chord
l Loss requirement, DF
l Foreign object damage, FOD
l Vibrations
l Blade attachment in disk
5.8
Blade design
Blade tests
l Correlation l Incompressible
l Plane cascade tests l Subsonic
l Annular cascade tests – choking
– hub tip radius – incidence range
– not rotating effects
Cascade angles
Flow angles Blade angles Difference
l Inflow l Leading edge l Incidence
l Outflow l Trailing edge l Deviation
l Turning l Camber
(deflection)
l Stagger
Cascade Airfoils
NASA SP-36
NASA SP-36
Operating range
2ωmin
ωmin
Variation of deviation
∂δ o
δ o = δoo + (i − i o )
∂i
5.9
Calculation of stage performance
Best way
To 2 U 22 U C r C
= 1+ + 2 m 2 tan β2 − 1 m 1 tan α 1
To1 cp To 1 c p To 1 r2 C m 2
ω = ω ( D F , p din )
α , β = f (i , σ ,...)
CL = C L (i ,θ , c s , M 1 , α 1 )
CD = CD (i , θ , c s, M 1 , α 1 )
Gas turbine theory Thermo - and Fluid Dynamics, CTH
Cohen, Rogers, Saravanamuttoo Ulf Håll, Turbomachinery
17 2002-0 4 -11
Chapter 5b, Axial Compressors
5.10
Compressibility effects
Compressibility effects
Vibrations
Compressor map
surge line DP
choke line
m To Tref
po p ref
Compressor performance
diagrams
τ = 1 + K b M b2 − K m M b M m
τ
ψ
1 Mb
ψ = 1 − Cφ
Mm
5.12
Axial compressor characteristics
l Choke
l Ideal speed line in
τ~m l Surge
l Real speed line in l Stacking
τ~m
l Real speed line in
π~m l Blow off
l Slope of speed lines l 2-spool
l Variable guide vanes