Our Life & Electronics & Embedded System

Today everyone use a lot of Electronics Gadget in their daily life such as TV, Washing Machine, Xerox
Machine, Computer, Speaking Computer / washing machine, Automatic Lights Switching, Water Purifier
etc. In fact we are Handicapped without Electronics Machines.

Most of the Machines which we use in our daily life are developed by using Embedded Technology.

Embedded System Range from a very small portable device like Musical Bell, Digital Watch, MP3 Players,
IPOD, Mobile to the very large system as Traffic Light Controller, Automation in Factory, Nuclear Power
Plant Controlling Systems, Satellites Projection and Controlling System.

What is Embedded Technology?

This is the Advanced Technology by using which Artificial (Mind) Intelligence is feed into electronic IC.
Through which Automated Machines and Robots are developed.
What is Embedded System (ES)?
The Electronic Systems which are Combination of HARDWARE & SOFTWARE and perhaps Additional
Mechanical or other parts, designed to perform a dedicated function for a specific purpose.

HARDWARE SOFTWARE
Microcontroller EMBEDDED
+ Sensors Program for
SYSTEM
Major Hardware
+ Motors Used in ES HardwareSystem
Embedded :

Microcontroller :
Microcontroller is a Single Chip IC (Integrated Circuit)
on which all the work of Computer can be perform.
We can connect Keyboard, LCD, Speakers, USB,
Internet anything which we connect to the Computer.
We can say, Microcontroller is a single chip Computer.

A wide range of microcontroller is available in Market.

Ex- PIC, 8051, AVR, ARM

8051
– 20 & 40 Pin Package
AVR (Advanced Virtual RISC )
– 14/28/64 Pin Package
ARM (Advanced RISC Machine)
– 64/128/210 Pin Package

Sensor : Sensor are the electronic component which

convert physical quantity and its change into electronic
signal. This is just like our sense organs of electronic
machines. Any type of physical change can be sense
by using sensor. Examples :

Sensor Work
1. LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) Sense Day or Night (Light Intensity)
2. Temperature Sensor (UM34) Sense Temperature
3. Moisture Sensor Sense Moisture in Environment
4. PIR Sensor Sense any Motion
5. TSOP Proximity Sensor Sense Object at its Front
6. IR (Infrared) Sensor Sense Object at its Front or interruption

LDR UM34 Moisture Sensor PIR Sensor TSOP Humidity Sensor IR Sensor

Software Used in Embedded System :

Keil C Compiler : Used for development of program and HEX file conversion
Flash Magic : Used to write HEX File on Microcontroller ROM
Pad2pad : Used to develop circuit on PCB.
Circuit Maker : Used to develop and check circuit on computer.

How to develop Embedded System?

Dream for Embedded Application:
Choose Compatible Microcontroller:
Draw a Schematic Diagram:
Develop Program for Microcontroller:
Compiler + Assembler + linker:
Burn Program on Target Microcontroller:
Assemble all components:
Ready EMBEDDED SYSTEM:
What do you want to make?
Which Microcontroller is suitable for your project
Draw Interfacing of all the Components as LCD, Motors etc
Develop Program for purposed Hardware in KEIL ‘C’
Build the HEX File of the Program
Write program in Microcontroller ROM using FLASH MAGIC
Mount all components including Microcontroller on PCB.
Your Embedded System is Ready

8051 Microcontroller Pin Diagram

8051 PIN Description :

Power - Vcc, Vss

Reset - RST

Crystal - XTAL[1,2]

External device interfacing

– EA, ALE, PSEN, WR, RD

I/O Port
– P0 [7;0], P1 [7:0], P2 [7:0], P3 [7:0]

P3 is shared with control lines

– Serial I/O RxD, TxD,
– external interrupts INT0, INT1
– Counter control T0, T1

P0 and P2 are multiplexed with Address and Data bus

8051 Basic Circuit with a Single LED Interfacing

Program to Blink the LED :

#include<reg51.h>
void delay(int dly);

void main()
{
while(1)
{
P1=~P1;
delay(5);
}
}

void delay(int dly)

{
int i,j;
for(i=1;i<=5000;i++)
{
for(j=1;j<=dly;j++)
{ }
}
}

Microcontroller Training Board & Their Parts Description:

 7805

Microcontroller Power Supply

L293D

Buzzer

Switch
DB9 Connector
Sensor Port
LED
MAX 232

IC 555 : This general purpose timer is used in the mono-stable mode to automatically
reset the microcontroller during programming. This is Basically used in sensing
module in monostable mode.

MAX 232: This chip takes care o the voltage conversions needed to communicate
with the PC’s RS 232(Serial/COM) port. This is basically used for communication
between the Microcontroller and the Computer via Serial cable.

L293D: It is a 4 channel 16 pin motor driver IC with 600mA of current per channel
and has inbuilt clamp diodes. The training board contains two such chips. This is
basically used to drive a stepper motor.

Potentiometer(Pot) : The potentiometer is used to vary the contrast of the LCD by

changing the resistance through the screw driver.

Sensor Port : At a time, 8 individual sensor modules can be connected to this port.
The port also provides a 5V supply and Ground needed to drive the sensors.

DB 9 connector: This is a 9 pin connector used to connect to the PC’s COM port
during programming or for general UART communications.

Switch array: Four general purpose switches are connected in the active-low
configuration.

Crystal: A crystal sets the microcontroller’s clock frequency to 11.0592 MHz which is
needed to synchronize all the microcontroller operation.

Beeper/Buzzer : Connected in the active low mode, the beeper can easily be used to
get audible feedbacks from the controller.

IC7805: It’s a three terminal liner 5 volt voltage regulator. It is used to give power
supply 5V to the microcontroller and other peripherals.

ULN 2003: This is an 16 pin IC which drive the microcontroller current to a high
current to drive Relay’s or Stepper Motor. It will work on the Darlington pair of
Transistor to high the current.
Why Should one option for Embedded & Robotics :
Millions of products in our everyday life today have some form of Embedded software in them.
Home appliances, Automobiles, wireless Devices and consumer electronics devices are just few
examples.
The reason to option this is:
 A simple answer is opportunities due to its application areas in all field
 Whatever you see in the very World of Electronics is embedded.
 Embedded is a very vast field and India is making a stable growth in this field.
 A good deal of job opportunities are pouring in year by year

Application Area of Embedded System & Robotics

Consumer Appliance : Telephone, Fax, VCR, Camcorder, Remote controllers, Camera, Toys,
Mobile, Pager, Video games, Musical Instruments, Exercise Equipments, Speaking Machines
Computer Networking : Router, Switches & Hubs, LAN, WAN, MAN communicating devices
Industrial Automation : Trip Computer, Engine Control, Air Bag, ABS etc
Office Automation : Computers, Microwave, Copier, Color & Laser Printer, Paging etc
Medical Electronics : ECG, EGC, X-Ray Machine, Lie Detector, Body Scanner etc
Wireless Technology : Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, Zigbee, Satellite Communication etc
Automobiles : Car, Helicopters, Aero plane, Bikes, Trucks, All Vehicles
Aerospace : Satellite Projection & Controller, All Systems
Finance : Money Count Machine, 500 Rs Note Check machines, ATMs, Credit/Debit Cards
Security Applications: CCTV, Finger Print / Eye / Password Security, Metro Security etc
Entertainment : MP3 Player, IPODs, MP4 players, Compact DVD Players with TV, etc

EMPLOYABILITY:

Need of Embedded System and Robotics in the India / Abroad:

 Embedded Software Engineer

 Embedded C Programmer
 Embedded Developer
 Embedded Application Engineer
 Research & Development
 Technical Support Engineer
 Self Employment – Own Business

More than 2 lakh Jobs are their in Embedded & Robotics a/c to NASCOM

• If you are from Electronic/Computer field

• If you are really interested in Electronics
• If you want to be Highly Advanced Technical Engineer
in Electronics & Computer Era.
• If you want to get assured High paying Job..

• Join Embedded & Robotics Training an Engineering Specialization