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ABSTRACT
Satellite systems are well suited to cover large geographical areas and provide long
distance wireless communication. Communication satellites represent one of the
most significant applications of space technolgy. Communication satellites can
allow radio, television, and telephone transmissions to be sent live anywhere in the
world. Satellite systems are playing an increasing role in mobile communications by
providing coverage in zones where land-based infrastructures are unable or
ineffective to supply mobile services. Mobile satellite communication systems are
used for transmitting point-to-point voice and data communications using a
constellation of satellites. Such systems may include a number of user terminals,
several terrestrial ground stations or gateways, and a number of satellites for bi-
directionally coupling the user terminals to terrestrial telecommunication networks
and the Internet via the gateways. In addition to a baseline telephony service, these
systems also support data and facsimile services to mobile users. Satellite systems
can provide coverage in large, sparsely-populated areas where it is not cost effective
to implement network infrastructures. Satellite systems can also make services
available to airborne and sea-based users. In a mobile satellite system, data services
can be provided in a conventional circuit mode in which an end to end full duplex
circuit is established between the mobile user and the fixed user. The point-to-point
communications are generally those conducted between a single one of the user
terminals and another user terminal, or a terrestrial wired or wireless telephone, or a
data processor modem.
Low Earth Orbit (LEO) System
This figure shows a global positioning satellite (GPS) system. This diagram
shows how a GPS receive receives and compares the signals from orbiting
GPS satellites to determine its geographic position. Using the precise
timing signal based on a very accurate clock, the GPS receiver compares
these signals from 3 or 4 satellites. Each satellite transmits its exact
location along with a timed reference signal. The GPS receiver can use
these signals to determine its distance from each of the satellites. Once the
position and distance of each satellite is known, the GPS receiver can
calculate the position where all these distances cross at the same point.
This is the location. This information can be displayed in latitude and
longitude form or a computer device can use this information to display the
position on a map on a computer display.
Multibeam Satellite Operation
This figure shows a satellite system that uses spatial division multiple
access (SDMA) technology. In this example, a single satellite contains
several directional antennas. Some of these antennas use the same
frequency. This allows a single satellite to simultaneously communicate to
two different satellite receivers that operate on the same frequency. Usually
beams that are separated by more than two or three half-power
beamwidths can use the same frequencies, as shown in the figure.
A satellite telephone, satellite phone, or satphone is a type of mobile
phone that connects to orbiting satellites instead of terrestrial cell
sites. Depending on the architecture of a particular system, coverage
may include the entire Earth, or only specific regions. More recent
is unavailable.
IsatPhone
iSatPhone
satellite phone service, providing a simple, highly affordable way of staying in touch. It is
unlimited global connectivity, access to current data as much as international flexibility are
system ISatPhone device works in both – satellite and GSM network what makes him one of
IsatPhone- very easy to use, pocket-size handset- gives the possibility to optimize the
usage of the service in satellite and GSM networks, depending on the availability and
network access is limited or none, such as deserts, sea, countries with poor
ISatPhone Coverage
Middle East using Inmarsat’s latest generation l-4 satellite, which are most advanced
broadband speeds and simultaneous voice. Currently the repositioning process of the
satellites is under completion and in February 2009 IsatPhone coverage will be extended to
Iridium is the world's only truly global mobile satellite telephone and paging
service.Featuring handheld phones weighing less than one pound, global coverage is
provided by 66 low-earth-orbiting satellites, which allows users to make and receive calls
virtually anywhere in the world, all you need is a clear line of site to the
sky.
The company supplies both voice and data connections. Voice services are provided via
dedicated handsets, or through a variety of installed communications systems onboard
ships, aircraft and land-based vehicles. Increasingly incorporated into hundreds of
applications, Iridium's 9601 short burst data (SBD) transceiver provides packet data
connections to every corner of the Earth, transferring location information, weather reports,
email, or any other data requiring a reliable, global, two-way connection. At a current
annual growth rate of 137 percent, Iridium's most rapidly expanding business segment is
the machine-to-machine sector, in which the Iridium constellation provides mobile data
links for asset tracking and other monitoring applications.
Iridium is a profitable company and has been since 2004. Business is growing at an
impressive rate with the constant acquisition of new customers and partners both
domestically and abroad in some of the furthest reaches of the planet. These individuals
recognize the value of a system that is global, secure and guaranteed to work.
Iridium is also planning for the future sustainability of its constellation, making major
investments in network enhancements and launching the Iridium NEXT initiative, its next
generation satellite constellation, which will be fully operational by 2016.
Thuraya (Arabic: الثرياwhich is the Arabic name for the Pleiades) is a regional satellite phone
provider. Its coverage area is most of Europe, the Middle East, North, Central and East
Africa, Asia and Australia.
The company is based in the United Arab Emirates and distributes its products and service
through authorized service providers. Its shareholders are a mixture of Middle Eastern and
North African telcos (in which Etisalat is a major one) and investment companies.
Designed to complement existing GSM networks and expand usage beyond conventional
network coverage areas, Thuraya's mobile satellite services offer a broad range of services
that include voice, data, fax, short messaging, GPS through its dual mode handsets.
The offer will satisfy especially these companies and private persons whose business
activities range extends beyond European borders.