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Hardware RAID vs. Software RAID: Which Implementation is Best for my Application? 2
RAID Host
Software Adapter
Software RAID Implementations
Software RAID can be implemented in a variety of ways: 1) as a
pure software solution, or 2) as a hybrid solution that includes
2) Hybrid Model – Hardware-Assisted Software RAID
some hardware designed to increase performance and reduce
While this is still software RAID, the hardware assist helps to
system CPU overhead.
overcome some of the weaknesses of pure software RAID. Such
1) Pure Software Model – Operating System Software RAID solutions usually come with additional hardware (e.g. an HBA
In this case, the RAID implementation is an application running with a RAID BIOS or just a RAID BIOS integrated onto the
on the host without any additional hardware. This type of motherboard). The additional BIOS makes the RAID
software RAID uses hard disk drives which are attached to the functionality available when the system is switched on, providing
computer system via a built-in I/O interface or a processor-less redundancy during boot that reduces the impact of medium
host bus adapter (HBA). The RAID becomes active as soon as errors on RAID which otherwise could lead to data corruption
the operating system has loaded the RAID driver software. Such or an inoperable system. In addition, most of these solutions
pure software RAID solutions often come integrated into the provide a BIOS setup software which is available at system boot.
server OS and usually are free of additional cost for the user. Low This allows for easy setup and maintenance of the RAID array
cost is the primary advantage of this solution. without the need to install or boot an OS from hard disk or CD-
S E R V E R S T O R A G E W H I T E PA P E R
Hardware RAID vs. Software RAID: Which Implementation is Best for my Application? 3
Hardware RAID vs. Software RAID: Which Implementation is Best for my Application? 4
Hardware RAID vs. Software RAID: Which Implementation is Best for my Application? 5
Is Hardware or Software RAID Best for Your RAID attractive for such configurations.
Application? Features of the different RAID implementations
Now that we understand the benefits and drawbacks of the Pure Software Hardware-assisted HW RAID controller –
Features
different RAID implementations, we can look at some typical RAID SW RAID ROC or add-in card
Data protection No Yes Yes
server deployment scenarios and optimize the RAID subsystem during boot
to meet the overall server price performance goals. Write-back caching No No Yes
possible
Pure Software RAID solutions: Entry-level RAID 0 or 1 for
Enhanced protection No No Yes
performance or data availability is key. However, software RAID in case of power loss
cannot be used on the boot drive as the operating system RAID RAID independent of No No Yes
host operating system
functionality is not available until after the OS boots.
RAID performance Depends on Depends on server High: Independent
Targeted Applications: server load load of server load
RAID functionality Yes Yes No
1. Workstations without large data storage requirements vulnerable to viruses
2. Entry-level servers without boot protection requirements Setup during boot No Yes Yes
Ability to migrate to No Limited Yes
Hybrid solutions: Cost-sensitive solutions similar to pure other OS versions
software RAID, but with bootability requirements. Typical RAID RAID 0, 1 RAID 0, 1 Advanced RAID:
applications RAID 5 or RAID 6
Targeted Applications:
1. Entry-level servers without large storage requirements Closing
2. Compute engines connected to networked storage This paper has shown the benefits that hardware RAID offers
over software RAID implementations.
Hardware RAID solutions: Most feature-rich and highest
performance solution. This may be implemented as RAID on the Advances in silicon technology are allowing for integration of the
Motherboard (ROMB) or with plug-in cards to scale processors required for hardware RAID into single chip solutions
performance and availability (e.g. controller redundancy). and soon into commodity server chipsets, which will shrink the
implementation cost. This reduced cost will enable a broader
Targeted Applications: deployment of hardware RAID solutions into lower-priced
1. High Performance workstations with large data storage servers, making them available to more users.
requirements
Currently, new levels of data protection and manageability are
2. Entry level to enterprise servers requiring performance and
available – RAID 6 dual drive failure protection and data
scalability from the storage subsystem.
encryption are two examples. In many cases, these hardware
In general, hardware RAID offers more advantages over RAID implementations can provide higher performance and
software-based solutions for more complex RAID algorithms. lower cost solutions than external RAID configurations.
Measurements indicate that, for instance, software RAID-6
implementations impose a heavy load on system compute
resources, especially in degraded mode. This makes hardware
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P/N: Printed in U.S.A. 03/06